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John Marshall



::''See also John Marshall (archaeologist), Jack Marshall, John Marshall (British captain)'' John Marshall (September 24, 1755July 6, 1835), Chief Justice of the United States and principal founder of American constitutional law and the Supreme Court of the United States' power of judicial review. He was born at Germantown (now Midland) in Fauquier County, Virginia. A member of the Culpepper Minutemen early in the American Revolutionary War, he entered the Third Virginia Continental Regiment on July 30, 1776 and served ably in a number of important campaigns, rising to Captain. He became a lawyer after the war, serving his state as a leader in the Assembly and in the new Federalist Party. He attracted attention from national leaders, and was offered several diplomatic posts, but preferred to remain in Virginia. In 1797, however, he accepted an appointment on a three-man commission to negotiate with France. After French leaders demanded personal bribes (see XYZ Affair) in return for engaging in the negotiations, Marshall answered for his colleagues in a brilliant memorial which rejected this extortion and upheld the honor and dignity of the new country. Later, Marshall was asked by John Adams to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but instead Marshall opted to run for a position in Congress of the United States. He was elected in 1799, but Adams appointed Marshall as United States Secretary of State on June 6, 1800. Here he strongly opposed violations of American rights on the high seas and adopted a policy which necessitated a strong Navy to give force to American diplomatic protests. Appointed Chief Justice of the United States on January 20, 1801, Marshall continued to serve as United States Secretary of State until the end of Adams' administration March 4, 1801. In the Supreme Court of the United States, Marshall made his greatest contributions to the development of American government. In a series of historic decisions, he established the judiciary as an independent and influential branch of the government equal to Congress and the Presidency. Perhaps the most significant of these cases was that of Marbury v. Madison, in which the principle of Judicial review was simply stated by Marshall: "A legislative act contrary to the Constitution is not law." Then, as the young nation was endangered by regional and local interests which often threatened to tear it to shreds, Marshall again and again interpreted the Constitution broadly so that the Federal Government had the power to become a respected and creative force guiding and encouraging the nation's growth. For practical purposes, the US Constitution in its most important aspects today is the Constitution as John Marshall interpreted it. As Chief Justice he embodied the majesty of the Judiciary of the government as fully as the President stood for the power of the Executive Branch. Marshall served as Chief Justice through five presidential administrations, a stalwart proponent of Federalism and nemesis of the Jeffersonian school of government throughout its heyday. He died July 6, 1835, having served as Chief Justice for nearly 35 years. This makes Marshall the longest-serving Chief Justice of the United States in history. == Legacy == Marshall wrote several important Supreme Court of the United States opinions, including: *''Hite v. Fairfax'' (1786) *''Marbury v. Madison'' (1803) *''Fletcher v. Peck'' (1816) *''McCulloch v. Maryland'' (1819) *''Dartmouth College v. Woodward'' (1819) *''Cohens v. Virginia'' (1821) *''Gibbons v. Ogden'' (1824) Namesake of Marshall University of Huntington, West Virginia. Namesake of John Marshall Law School of Chicago, Illinois. Namesake of John Marshall High School in Glen Dale, West Virginia. Namesake of John Marshall High School in Los Angeles. Marshall's home in Richmond, Virginia has been preserved by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities. Chief Justices of the U.S. U.S. Secretaries of State Members of the U.S. House of Representatives Members of the Virginia House of Delegates American lawyers 1755 births 1835 deaths

John Marshall



Is there ''anything'' that I contribute to Wikipedia that's right? -- User:Zoe :Please don't take offense Zoe - we all edit articles and fix each other's mistakes. The trouble was that the image is more than 206 px wide. --User:Maveric149 ::As a pure technical note, I see no reason (even from a performance or load point of view) for including an explicit width of a diversion. It does not help at the Wikipedia end, nor at the client (which needs to find the diversion height anyway). So I would recommend simply leaving out the explicit width. -- User:Egil 06:20 Apr 29, 2003 (UTC) :::Unfortunately some pre Mac OS X-based browsers do not wrap text below images when an explicit width isn't added (resulting in a justified image with a column of white space below it the same width as the image. That said, I still don't add the specification myself becasue I'm lazy and think those Mac people should upgrade to Mac OS X or buy a PC with Linux on it. ;) --User:Maveric149 :::: Or just switch to Mozilla? There is a Mozilla version for just about everything. User:Tannin :::::Omniweb under Mac OS X does the same thing [http://www.najakito.com/~john/screens/bad.jpg], which is why I go around changing them when I see them (I have Photoshop open all the time, so it's easy for me to do). (I'm not switching to Mozilla, either, if it can't handle nested tables; see Talk:Yttrium. ;-) User:Hephaestos ::::::There is nothing wrong with Moz - the nested table doesn't look right because an image should be in the middle of it to prop-up the different parts. See Lithium for an example of one of these nested tables with an image in it. --mav -------------------------------- I note this page is linked to Casualties of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks: City of New York where a firefighter with this name was killed. He should be mentioned. I would do it myself but am too depressed from reading the names of the dead. User: PaulinSaudi -------------------------------- Someone (preferably someone who nows mroe than I do) should also deal with the British mariner John Marshall, whom the Marshall Islands are named for... that article links here, confusingly. -User:Finn-Zoltan 13:56, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)


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