
Johannesburg is the most populous city in South Africa and the second most populous city in Sub-Saharan Africa, behind Lagos. Local residents may refer to the city as '''Jo'burg, Jozi or occasionally eGoli'''. The latter means "place of gold" in Zulu language. Forty percent of the world's gold has been found in the immediate area. Johannesburg is the province capital of Gauteng Province, the wealthiest province in South Africa, and the site of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. It is among the newest major cities in the world, having been founded in 1886, and is one of the few major cities in the world not along a coast or near a large river. Other such cities are Mexico City and Phoenix, Arizona. Johannesburg is the finance capital of South Africa, hosting the JSE Securities Exchange, Africa's largest stock exchange. It is also the site of a large-scale gold and diamond trade due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand. Johannesburg is also the site of Johannesburg International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa (although technically it lies in Kempton Park, in the Ekhuruleni municipality, which, although it may be considered part of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area has a separate municipal government). According to the 2001 Statistics South Africa, the population of the city is more than three million. Johannesburg's land area of 1 E8 m%B2 is very large when compared to other cities—causing the population density to appear very low, at only 1,962/km². The population of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area is almost eight million, based on projections from the 2001 census and other sources. This includes figures for the East Rand and West Rand, which are functionally integrated into the Johannesburg conurbation. The city is one of the 35 largest metropolitan areas in the world. Johannesburg is also listed as being Africa's only world city. Johannesburg is also the largest urban forest in the world. There are an estimated 10 million trees across the city: 2.5 million trees in parks, cemeteries, nature reserves, conservation areas, by the roadside and on pavements, and 7.5 million trees on private property. Johannesburg is twin towns with Birmingham, England and New York City in the United States. == History == [[Image:langlaagte.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Farm where gold was first discovered in 1886]] ''Main article: History of Johannesburg'' The region surrounding Johannesburg has been inhabited for millions of years. The discovery of the 3.5 million-year-old ''Mrs Ples'' in a cave northwest of Johannesburg in 1998 is among the oldest human skeletons ever found. Much later, around 100,000 years ago, South Africa became home to the nomadic Bushmen people. The San continued to live in the region surrounding Johannesburg until the Bantu-speaking people migrated into the area around the year 1060. The Bantu people were Iron Age people who domesticated animals, farmed crops, worked metal, made pottery, and lived in village. Johannesburg is situated in the northeastern quadrant of South Africa. This city's growth is testament to the gold rush in the region towards the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. Having initially discovered gold in the nearby eastern regions of Barberton and the area now known as Pilgrims Rest in the 1880s, prospector soon discovered that even richer pickings were to be had on the Witwatersrand region. [[Image:earlytown.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Johannesburg around 1890]] The town was initially much the same as any small prospecting settlement, but as word spread, people flocked to the area from all other regions of the country as well as from North America, the United Kingdom, and Europe. As the value of control of the land increased, tensions developed between the Afrikaners, who controlled the region during the nineteenth century and the United Kingdom, culminating in the South African War of 1899 to 1902. The Boers lost the war and control of this province, known as Transvaal, to the British. When the British declared South Africa a Union of South Africa in 1910, this paved the way for a more organised mining structure. The South African government instituted a harsh racial system whereby Blacks and Indians were heavily taxed, barred from holding skilled jobs and consequently forced to work as migrant labour on Johannesburg's growing crop of gold mines. The South African government then instituted a system of forced removals, moving the black and coloured population into specified areas.It is this system that created the sprawling shantytown of Soweto (South Western Townships), one of the areas where Blacks were forced to live during the Apartheid era. Nelson Mandela spent many years living in Soweto and his Soweto home in Orlando is currently a major tourist attraction. At the other end of the scale, Sophiatown during the early years of the 20th century was a vibrant centre in which many races lived alongside each other in relative calm. However, the National Party (South Africa) government changed that with its policy of Apartheid in the 1950s, forcibly removing residents in favour of a "whites-only" policy. Large-scale violence broke out in 1976 when the Soweto Students' Representative Council organised protests against the use of Afrikaans, considered to be the language of the oppressors, in black schools. Police shot into a student march, and 1000 people died in the proceeding 12 months protesting the apartheid system. The regulations of apartheid were abandoned in February 1990, and since the 1994 elections, Johannesburg has, in theory, been free of discriminatory laws. The black township (South Africa) have been integrated into the municipal government system, and to some extent, the suburbs have become multiracial. ==Government == During the apartheid era, the area now Johannesburg was divided into 11 local authorities, one of these the original white Johannesburg. The local authorities were seven white and four black. The white authorities were 90 percent self-sufficient, spending South African Rand 600 (United States dollar 93) per capita, while the black authorities were only ten percent self-sufficient, spending Rand 100 (USD 15) per capita. The first post-apartheid city council was created in 1995. The council adopted the slogan "One City, One Taxpayer" in order to highlight its primary goal of addressing inequal tax revenue distribution. To this end, revenue from wealthy, traditionally white areas would help pay for services needed in poorer, black areas. It is now divided into four regions, each with a autonomous region local regional authority that was to be overseen by a central metropolitan council. Furthermore, the municipal boundaries were expanded to include wealthy satellite towns like Sandton and Randburg, poorer neighbouring townships such as Soweto and Alexandra, South Africa, and informal settlements like Orange Farm. In 1999, Johannesburg appointed a city manager in order to reshape the city's ailing financial situation. The manager, together with the Municipal Council, drew up a blueprint called "Igoli 2002". This was a three-year plan that called upon the government to sell non-core assets, restructure certain utilities, and required that all others become self-sufficient. The plan took the city from near insolvency to an operating surplus of Rand (currency) 153 million (USD 23.6 million). The municipal council consists of 217 councillors, headed by a mayor. ==Crime== Like most major cities, Johannesburg has a crime problem. After the Group Areas Act, one of Apartheid's key pieces of legislation, was scrapped in the early 1990s, Johannesburg was affected by urban blight, as thousands of poor, mostly black, people who had been forbidden to live in the city proper, moved into the city from surrounding black townships such as Soweto. Crime levels rose and non-payment of rent led to apartment buildings being abandoned by landlords, especially in the high-density areas such as Hillbrow. Many corporations and institutions, including the JSE Securities Exchange, moved their headquarters to the suburb of Sandton to avoid the crime of the city centre. Reviving the city centre is one of the main aims of the municipal government of Johannesburg. Drastic measures have been taken to reduce crime in the city. These measures include closed-circuit television on street corners. The latest police statistics show that crime levels in Johannesburg have dropped as the economy has stabilised and begun to grow. == Geography and climate == South Africa is in the southern hemisphere, and experiences the opposite seasons from the northern hemisphere. Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa, known as the Highveld, at an elevation of 1753 metres, which enjoys a dry, sunny climate with the exception of occasional late afternoon downpours from the months of October to April. Temperatures in Johannesburg are usually fairly mild, with the average maximum daytime temperature in summer being around 26°C, dropping to an average maximum of around 20°C in winter. During the winter, the temperature occasionally drops to below freezing, causing frost. The annual average rainfall is 600 mm to 800 mm, which is mostly concentrated in the summer months. Johannesburg's relatively dry climate has not stopped local residents and the city council from planting an abundance of trees, and the city prides itself on having the most planted tree of any city, about six million, which has created a forest-like appearance, especially in the lush northern suburbs. [[Image:Joburg.iss.400pix.jpg|frame|right|Johannesburg from the International Space Station]] == Demographics == According to the 2001 Statistics South Africa, the population of Johannesburg is 3,225,812 people, who live in 1,006,930 formal households, of which 86% have a flush or chemical toilet, and 91% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week. 86% of households have access to running water, and 80% use electricity as the main source of energy. 22% of Johannesburg residents stay in informal dwellings. 65% of households are headed by one person. Black Africans account for 73% of the population, followed by whites at 16%, coloureds at 6% and Asians at 4%. 42% of the population is under the age of 24. 6% of the population is over 60 years old. 37% of city residents are unemployed. 91% of the unemployed are black. Women comprise 43% of the working population. 19% of economically active adults work in wholesale and retail sectors, 18% in financial, real estate and business services, 17% in community, social and personal services and 12 percent are in manufacturing. Only 0.7% work in mining. 34% of Johannesburg residents speak Nguni languages at home, 26% speak Sotho languages, 19% speak English language, and 8% speak Afrikaans. 29% of adults have graduated from high school. 14% have higher education (University or Technical school). 7% of residents are completely illiterate. 15% have primary education. 34% use public transportation to commuting to work or school. 32% walk to work or school. 34% use private transportation to travel to work or school. 53% belong to mainstream Christianity churches. 24% are atheist. 14% are members of African Independent Churches. 3% are Islam. 1% are Jewish. 1% are Hinduism. Johannesburg, has significant Portuguese and Jewish communities. It also has a small Chinese community. == Economy == Johannesburg is the economic and financial hub of South Africa, producing 16% of South Africa's gross domestic product, and 40% of Gauteng's economy. Mining is the main source of the Witwatersrand's economy, but is importance gradually declining. While gold mining no longer takes place within the city limits, most mining companies have their headquarters in Johannesburg. The city has a great variety of manufacturing industries, including steel and cement plants. Many banking and commercial companies are also located in there. Johannesburg has Africa's largest stock exchange, the JSE Securities Exchange. Due to its commercial importance, this city is the site of a number of government branch offices, as well as consular offices and other institutions that are usually found only in capital cities. The Witwatersrand urban complex is a major consumer of water in a dry region. Its continued economic and population growth has depended on schemes to divert water from other regions of South Africa and from the highlands of Lesotho, but additional sources will be needed early in the 21st century. The container terminal at City Deep is purported to be the largest "dry port" in the world, with some 60% of cargo that arrives through the port of Durban arriving in Johannesburg. The City Deep area has been declared an IDZ (industrial development zone) by the Gauteng government, as part of the Blue IQ Project. Johannesburg's largest and most prestigious shopping centre is Sandton City. Other centres include Eastgate, Westgate, Northgate, Southgate and Cresta. There are also plans to build a 250 000 m² shopping centre, known as the Zonk'Izizwe Shopping Resort, in Midrand, on the outskirts of the city. "Zonk'Izizwe" means "All Nations" in Zulu language, indicating that the centre will cater to the city's diverse mix of peoples and races. Johannesburg is where the fast food brand, Nandos originated. == Communications and media == Several newspapers and magazines have their offices in the city, among them the most important are: * ''Beeld'' (Afrikaans) * ''City Press'' (English) * ''The Sowetan'' (English) * ''Mail & Guardian'' (English) * ''The Citizen'' (English) * ''The Star (Newspaper)'' (English) * ''Sunday Times'' (English) Johannesburg has two TV towers, the Hillbrow Tower and the Sentech Tower. == Suburbs == :''Main article: Suburbs of Johannesburg'' ;City Centre The streets of the city centre and the surrounding inner-city suburbs, such as Joubert Park, Hillbrow, and Berea are lined with skyscrapers which house many of Johannesburg's largest companies. Many people from Soweto have given up township living to join immigrants from the rest of Africa who have thronged to the inner city, taking over abandoned office blocks and decaying warehouses. On the western edge of Hillbrow is Constitution Hill, Johannesburg, the seat of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. ;Soweto Soweto is a mostly black urban area to the south west of the City Centre. During the apartheid regime, Soweto was constructed for the specific purpose of housing African people who were then living in areas designated by the government for white settlement, such as the multi-racial area called Sophiatown. Today, Soweto is among the poorest parts of Johannesburg, however there have been recent signs of economic improval and Soweto has become a centre for nightlife. ;Eastern suburbs Yeoville, east of Berea, has become a hub of Black nightlife in Johannesburg. East of Yeoville is Observatory, a quiet area with large houses. Directly east of the city centre are Troyeville and Bezuidenhout Valley (known universally as 'Bez Valley'), patches of which are slowly being gentrified. ;Northern suburbs As the city centre has seen a major demographic change over the past ten years, with some urban blight and inner city decay, many businesses have relocated to the northern suburbs. The northern suburb closest to the city is Parktown, which has many wealthy inhabitants and Edwardian mansions. Just west of Parktown is Westcliff. Directly north of Parktown are the suburbs of Saxonwold and Houghton. After Houghton is Rosebank, then Hyde Park, Sandton, and Morningside, all predominantly white and very wealthy enclaves. Since 2000, Sandton is the home of the JSE Securities Exchange, turning it into the financial centre of the city. ;Northwestern suburbs West of Parktown is Auckland Park, which is where the South African Broadcasting Corporation and the University of Johannesburg are located. The nearby suburb of Greenside, South Africa has enjoyed a resurgence in property value and investment. North of Auckland Park lies Melville, South Africa, which has been transformed into a bohemian enclave of restaurants, cafés, bookstores and nightspots since the South African Broadcasting Corporation moved its headquarters to the adjacent suburb of Auckland Park. West of Melville is Sophiatown, once one of the most vibrant black suburbs in the city. Considered a criminal and political hotbed, the entire suburb was razed to the ground in the 1950s. In its place was built the all-white suburb of Triomf, meaning triumph in Afrikaans. The only remaining Sophiatown building is the Church of Christ the King. The area has since reverted to its original name of "Sophiatown". == Tourism == Johannesburg is not generally known as a tourist destination, but the city is a transit point for connecting flights to Cape Town, Durban, and the Kruger National Park. Consequently, most international visitors to South Africa pass through Johannesburg at least once. Tourists from Africa alone spend $1.5 billion per annum at the many shopping malls located in the city, causing some to refer to Johannesburg as "the Dubai of Africa". The Cradle of Humankind [http://www.cradleofhumankind.co.za] UNESCO World Heritage Site is 25 kilometres to the north-west of the city. The Sterkfontein fossil site is famous for being the world's richest hominid site and produced the first adult Australopithecus africanus, and the first near-complete skeleton of an early Australopithecine. == Sports teams and stadiums == Johannesburg is a major regional centre for sport and home to the following sport clubs:
Johannesburg will be the location of some of the matches of the Football World Cup 2010, which is to be held in South Africa. == Transportation == Johannesburg, much like Los Angeles, is a young and sprawling city geared towards private motorists, and lacks a convenient public transportation system. However, as many of Johannesburg's residents are comparatively poor when compared to those of Los Angeles, a significant number are unable to afford their own cars and are dependant on the city's informal minibus taxis. === Mass transit === Johannesburg's metro railway system connects central Johannesburg to Soweto, Pretoria, and most of the satellite towns along the Witwatersrand. The railways transport huge numbers of workers every day. However, the railway infrastructure was built in Johannesburg's infancy and covers only the older areas in the city's south. In the past half century Johannesburg has grown largely northwards, and none of the northern areas, including the key business districts of Sandton, Midrand, Randburg, and Rosebank, have any rail infrastructure. The Gauteng Provincial Government's Blue IQ Project, however, has made provisions for the creation of a rapid railway link running north to south between Johannesburg and Pretoria, and east-west between Sandton and Johannesburg International Airport. Slated to be ready in time for the Football World Cup 2010, the rail system is being designed to alleviate traffic on the N1 (South Africa) freeway between Johannesburg and Pretoria, which records vehicle loads of up to 160,000 per day. === Airports === Johannesburg is served by Johannesburg International Airport for both domestic and international flights. Other airports include Rand Airport, Grand Central Airport and Lanseria. Rand Airport, located in Germiston, is a small airfield used mostly for private aircraft and the home of South African Airways's first Boeing 747, the Lebombo, which is now an aviation museum. Grand Central is located in Midrand and also caters to small, private aircraft. Lanseria Airport is used for commercial flights to Cape Town, Botswana, and Sun City. === Buses === Johannesburg is served by a bus fleet operated by [http://www.mbus.co.za/ Metrobus], a corporate unit of the City of Johannesburg. It has a fleet consisting of approximately 550 single and double-decker buses, plying 84 different routes in the city. This total includes 200 modern buses (150 double-deckers and 50 single-deckers), made by Volvo and Marcopolo/Brasa in 2002. Metrobus' fleet carries around 20 million passengers per annum. Metrobus also operates a number of open-top buses in the "City Slicker" role, using them to provide guided tours around the city. In addition there are a number of private bus operators, though most focus on the inter-city routes, or on bus charters for touring groups. === Taxis === Johannesburg has two kinds of taxis, metered taxis and minibus taxis. Unlike most cities, metered taxis are not allowed to drive around the city looking for passengers and instead must be called and ordered to a destination. Metered taxis are rare, in comparison to many other cities. Minibus "taxis" are not really taxis. They operate as unscheduled small buses. Each tends to ply one route, each passenger pays a fare, and the "taxi" does not leave until it is full. Typically the minibuses used are rented by the day by the driver for a fixed fee who then must compete for passengers in a mad free for all. Turf wars are common and organised crime plays a big part. Consequently the minibus "taxis" are regarded by many as an utter menace to other road users. Many of these taxis are unlicensed and unroadworthy and some drivers blantly disobey traffic regulations and signs. Usually the metered taxis are used from time to time by the wealthy middle classes, the minibus "taxis" are the de facto standard and essential form of transport for the majority of the population. === Highways === ''Main article: Johannesburg Freeways'' The fact that Johannesburg is not built near a large navigable body of water has meant that from the very beginning of the city's history, ground transportation has been the most important method of transporting people and goods in and out of the city. One of Africa's most famous "beltways" or ring roads/orbitals is the Johannesburg Ring Road. The road is comprised of three freeway that converge on the city, forming an 80-kilometre (50-mile) loop around it: the N3 Eastern Bypass (South Africa), which links Johannesburg with Durban; the N1 Western Bypass (South Africa), which links Johannesburg with Pretoria and Cape Town; and the N12 Southern Bypass (South Africa), which links Johannesburg with Witbank and Kimberley. The N3 (South Africa) was built exclusively with asphalt, while the N12 (South Africa and N1 (South Africa) sections were made with concrete, hence the nickname given to the N1 Western Bypass, "The Concrete Highway". In spite being up to 12 lanes wide in some areas (6 lanes in either direction), the Johannesburg Ring Road is frequently clogged with traffic. The Gillooly's Interchange, built on an old farm and the point at which the N3 Eastern Bypass and the R24 Airport Freeway intersect, is purported to be the busiest interchange in the Southern Hemisphere. == Universities in Johannesburg == Johannesburg is home to many of South Africa's largest university, and is the centre of higher learning for all of South Africa. The city's universities include: * University of the Witwatersrand * University of Johannesburg * Monash University * Midrand University ==References== * ''Early Johannesburg, Its Buildings and People'', Hannes Meiring, Human & Rousseau, 1986, 143 pages, ISBN 0798114568 *''Gold! Gold! Gold! The Johannesburg Gold Rush'', Eric Rosenthal, AD. Donker, 1970, ISBN 0949937649 ==External links== * [http://www.joburg.org.za Official Website of the City of Johannesburg] * [http://www.jse.co.za The JSE Securities Exchange] - South Africa's biggest stock exchange * Travel and city guides from [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Johannesburg Wikitravel], [http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-191501609-johannesburg_vacations-i Yahoo.com], [http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=johannesburg@81 Fodors.com], [http://www.worldexecutive.com/cityguides/johannesburg/index.html OpenWorld], [http://www.frommers.com/destinations/johannesburg/ Frommers.com] and [http://www.economist.com/cities/citiesmain.cfm?city_id=JOH Economist.com] Cities in South Africa Johannesburg Gauteng Province simple:Johannesburg
== Early talk == was Alexandra a "satellite town," or was it previously part of the Johannesburg municipality? Alexandra was in fact a satellite town, with its own municipal boundaries, on the old border between Johannesburg and Sandton. In the previous government's Apartheid sysrtem, black townships were given some form of self-autonomy, with their own municipal governing bodies and buildings. It was a contrived, artificial way of enforcing the Group Areas Act, which kept racial groups apart in separate suburbs. Alex, for short, is as much a part of Johannesburg as Soweto. The stark contrast between the area and the nearby upmarket area of Sandton, however, is absolutely marked, and is typical of South African cities: the best of the First World mixed with the worst of the Third World. == New York Reference == In response to the reference made to crime in New York, I find the two cities incompatable for comparison. Johannesburg has a crime problem because many poor people moved into areas that they were not allowed to live in before, where as in New York the crime problem of the 1980's mostly sprung up because the city government was completely bankrupt and unable to to provide any services or adequate police protection. I am deleting the reference. User:PZFUN 08:08, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC) The reference to crime in New York would not have been made if the reference to crime in Johannesburg had not been made. Crime is a problem in most major cities, and is not endemic to Johannesburg. All cities of the world have crime. A sweeping statement like "Johannesburg is notorious for its crime" is totally POV - especially when it comes from someone who does not live in the city. User:Rob Thomas 12:12, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC) I believe that it is only the people who do not live in a city that can really know what it is notorious for. New York is not notorious for its crime now. It is the safest large city in the United States. Johannesburg does have a crime epidemic. There are few cities in the world where one out of four people are involved in a crime every year, and where carjacking is such a problem. If crime were not such a problem, why would so many people be moving out of the city into gated compounds? User:PZFUN 13:21, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC) You're right. New York is not known for its crime. It's known for the tragedy of planes being flown into buildings and those buildings falling down and 3,000 people being killed in 2 hours. I'd say that's a lot more dangerous than Jo'burg. I did not say Johannesburg doesn't have a crime problem. Of course it does. But then so does every major city in the world - including New York (bury your head in the sand as much as you like, dear). "I believe that it is only the people who do not live in a city that can really know what it is notorious for. New York is not notorious for its crime now." Um, since you live in New York, aren't you contradicting yourself just a tad? ==Khoi== "until the Khoikhoi and other Bantu-speaking people migrated into the area"? Someone please correct this! Khoikhoi are not Bantu-speaking, nor did they arrive in the country at the same time. ::Fixed, removed the Khoikhoi section as they were a breakaway section of the San who moved south, into the Cape. However, I'm still not 100% sure of the dates placed there. I replaced the Bantu arrival date with one I found on the official Johannesburg site, but I am unsure of the "100 000BC" quoted for the San. User:Impi 21:43, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) == Question == Is the Monash University in Johannesburg a campus of the Australian one, or an entirely seperate entity?--User:ZayZayEM 12:53, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC) : I just phoned Monash SA and the receptionist said they they are owned by Monash University Australia and it is run as a campus. --User:Jcw69 13:02, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Water contradiction == Article: ''It is the only major city in the world that was not founded on a coast or that does not have a river running through it.'' Elsewhere in the article Mexico City and Phoenix are each identified as being such cities. User:Psb777 11:27, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Apartheid Johannesburg == Article: ''During the Apartheid era, Johannesburg was divided into 11 local authorities: seven white and four black.'' Well, no. The area which is now called Johannesburg is different from what Jhb was then. What happened is that the area adminstratively Johannesburg has changed. Randburg, Sandton, Soweto, Alexandria etc etc were never part of Johannesburg and this was not only a race issue, Randburg and Sandton were "white" areas: There is a new greater Johannesburg which never existed before. A more accurate but awkward sentence would be: ''What is the now expanded Johannesburg was formed out of 11 apartheid-era local authorities, including what was formerly Johannesburg.'' User:Psb777 11:37, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Climate == Article: ''In the winter, the average maximum daytime temperature is around 20°C, while the average summer daytime temperature is around 25°C.'' Inconsistent. We are comparing a winter maximum with a summer average. Or so it reads. User:Psb777 11:59, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Demographics - inaccurate stats == According to Statistics South Africa census 2001 approx 62% of Jhb households have a fridge. The article says different. Where are the article's statistics from? User:Psb777 10:22, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) My use of the Stats SA web site can be checked [http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/Census/Database/Census%202001/Municipality%20Level/Households/Households.asp HERE]: City of Johannesburg Metro Total households (all population groups) Radio yes 786826 Radio no 220105 Television yes 680103 Television no 326830 Computer yes 163702 Computer no 843228 Refrigerator yes 629801 Refrigerator no 377130 Telephone in dwelling yes 340911 Telephone in dwelling no 666021 Cell-Phone yes 466418 Cell-Phone no 540513 So: Radio 79%, TV 68%, PC 16%, Fridge 63%, Landline phone 34%, Cellphone 47%. User:Psb777 10:38, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) The article is accurate for: Flushing or chemical toilets 86%. Cellphone or landline or both in dwelling, according to another part of Stats SA: 56% approx, article correct. Article correct for water access. User:Psb777 10:52, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) :Many appear to have come from the City of Johannesburg's [http://www.joburg.org.za/facts/index_demographics.stm Demographics] page. User:Impi 14:45, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) And so you (plural?) are happy with them as they stand? User:Psb777 18:02, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) This stats in this sentence I am still looking for the source of: ''"64% of Johannesburg residents own their own home. 57% own, or have use of a motorcar. 21% have at least one domestic worker. 11% moved houses in the last year. 2% flew overseas last year. 10% flew within South Africa last year."'' Much of that seems unlikely to me. User:Psb777 18:24, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) Saying nothing about their accuracy - the ''figures'' come from http://www.joburg.org.za/business/stats.stm . Congrats on getting this to FA status - lets get that Disputed tag off the front page. 64% and 57% sound highly unlikely to me, if we include the townships ? Maybe everyone in Soweto owns their own house ? I spent a weekend there once - Naledi - and they certainly appeared to own their own house. User:Wikiwizzy 08:29, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC) That same source claims that 44% of Johannesburg residents have eaten in a restaurant in the last month. That such a high proportion have done so is unlikely even in a city such as Manchester, nevermind Johannesburg. 44%? In the wealthy middle class suburbs maybe, but those areas are not representative of the Greater Johannesburg described in this article. Perhaps the best way to get rid of the disputed tag is to delete all statistics which are only from the same source. User:Psb777 12:45, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) I've worked it out! People are forced to eat at restaurants because only 63% have a fridge! User:Psb777 ''"29% of adults have graduated from high school. 14% have higher education (University or Technical school). 7% of residents are completely illiterate. 15% have primary education"'' That adds up to 55% - what about the other 45% of the population? User:Sonelle 14:21, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC) == PZFUN == User:PZFUN: Your bizarre reversion of several editors is a problem (see Wikipedia:Ownership of articles). If you object to certain parts of edits, feel free to change the, —but don't revert other (uncontested) edits that others make. User:NeutralityUser talk:Neutrality 06:18, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) ::Feel free to restore British spellings, just don't blanket-revert articles. User:NeutralityUser talk:Neutrality 06:25, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) :::You are more than welcome to restore the previous British spelligns before you changed them. I'm still curious as to why you are right-justifying all of the images. it has made the page lopsided and ugly. I do not have an ownership problem, but I am curious as to why you are changing the entire layout of a page that you have had ny previous involvement with and did not discuss before you made the changes on the talk page. User:PZFUN 06:27, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Johannesburg in Kern county == I am kind of surprised that there seems to be a Johannesburg in USA. See the paragraph below from included link. If this is true, how about attaching a small note on the top of this article? "California law bans livestock from highways, but not domestic animals. Linc and Helena Moore had been fined on 26 March after their chicken wandered onto a road in the small rural mining town of Johannesburg in Kern county. " [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4591869.stm] == Repeating == Parts of the article keep on repeating themseleves over and over again (like the trees thing.) Could we please get rid of some of this?--User:199.212.250.96 15:36, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Jewhannesburg?! == I must say, this is the first time I've heard that one. I'm not too keen to have it in the article, but I'd like to hear others' opinions... User:Dewet 05:50, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) :Three distinct hits on Google.[http://www.google.co.uk/search?biw=1149&hl=en&q=Jewhannesburg&btnG=Google+Search&meta=] User:Susvolans User talk:Susvolans 08:51, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) :: I live in Johannesburg, and I am sorry, I have never heard of Johannesburg being called ''Jewhannesburg''. It is the first time I've ever heard of this word. I've asked some Muslims who work in my building and they too have never heard of this word. --User:Jcw69 13:28, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) :: It looks like the word was used in the early 1900s as an anti-Semitic slur and a play on the name Johannesburg. Referances are only found by Google on 2 sites dating from this period. --User:Jcw69 13:38, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
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Johannesburg
Johannesburg is the most populous city in South Africa and the second most populous city in Sub-Saharan Africa, behind Lagos. Local residents may refer to the city as '''Jo'burg, Jozi or occasionally eGoli'''. The latter means "place of gold" in Zulu language. Forty percent of the world's gold has been found in the immediate area. Johannesburg is the province capital of Gauteng Province, the wealthiest province in South Africa, and the site of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. It is among the newest major cities in the world, having been founded in 1886, and is one of the few major cities in the world not along a coast or near a large river. Other such cities are Mexico City and Phoenix, Arizona. Johannesburg is the finance capital of South Africa, hosting the JSE Securities Exchange, Africa's largest stock exchange. It is also the site of a large-scale gold and diamond trade due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand. Johannesburg is also the site of Johannesburg International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa (although technically it lies in Kempton Park, in the Ekhuruleni municipality, which, although it may be considered part of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area has a separate municipal government). According to the 2001 Statistics South Africa, the population of the city is more than three million. Johannesburg's land area of 1 E8 m%B2 is very large when compared to other cities—causing the population density to appear very low, at only 1,962/km². The population of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area is almost eight million, based on projections from the 2001 census and other sources. This includes figures for the East Rand and West Rand, which are functionally integrated into the Johannesburg conurbation. The city is one of the 35 largest metropolitan areas in the world. Johannesburg is also listed as being Africa's only world city. Johannesburg is also the largest urban forest in the world. There are an estimated 10 million trees across the city: 2.5 million trees in parks, cemeteries, nature reserves, conservation areas, by the roadside and on pavements, and 7.5 million trees on private property. Johannesburg is twin towns with Birmingham, England and New York City in the United States. == History == [[Image:langlaagte.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Farm where gold was first discovered in 1886]] ''Main article: History of Johannesburg'' The region surrounding Johannesburg has been inhabited for millions of years. The discovery of the 3.5 million-year-old ''Mrs Ples'' in a cave northwest of Johannesburg in 1998 is among the oldest human skeletons ever found. Much later, around 100,000 years ago, South Africa became home to the nomadic Bushmen people. The San continued to live in the region surrounding Johannesburg until the Bantu-speaking people migrated into the area around the year 1060. The Bantu people were Iron Age people who domesticated animals, farmed crops, worked metal, made pottery, and lived in village. Johannesburg is situated in the northeastern quadrant of South Africa. This city's growth is testament to the gold rush in the region towards the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. Having initially discovered gold in the nearby eastern regions of Barberton and the area now known as Pilgrims Rest in the 1880s, prospector soon discovered that even richer pickings were to be had on the Witwatersrand region. [[Image:earlytown.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Johannesburg around 1890]] The town was initially much the same as any small prospecting settlement, but as word spread, people flocked to the area from all other regions of the country as well as from North America, the United Kingdom, and Europe. As the value of control of the land increased, tensions developed between the Afrikaners, who controlled the region during the nineteenth century and the United Kingdom, culminating in the South African War of 1899 to 1902. The Boers lost the war and control of this province, known as Transvaal, to the British. When the British declared South Africa a Union of South Africa in 1910, this paved the way for a more organised mining structure. The South African government instituted a harsh racial system whereby Blacks and Indians were heavily taxed, barred from holding skilled jobs and consequently forced to work as migrant labour on Johannesburg's growing crop of gold mines. The South African government then instituted a system of forced removals, moving the black and coloured population into specified areas.It is this system that created the sprawling shantytown of Soweto (South Western Townships), one of the areas where Blacks were forced to live during the Apartheid era. Nelson Mandela spent many years living in Soweto and his Soweto home in Orlando is currently a major tourist attraction. At the other end of the scale, Sophiatown during the early years of the 20th century was a vibrant centre in which many races lived alongside each other in relative calm. However, the National Party (South Africa) government changed that with its policy of Apartheid in the 1950s, forcibly removing residents in favour of a "whites-only" policy. Large-scale violence broke out in 1976 when the Soweto Students' Representative Council organised protests against the use of Afrikaans, considered to be the language of the oppressors, in black schools. Police shot into a student march, and 1000 people died in the proceeding 12 months protesting the apartheid system. The regulations of apartheid were abandoned in February 1990, and since the 1994 elections, Johannesburg has, in theory, been free of discriminatory laws. The black township (South Africa) have been integrated into the municipal government system, and to some extent, the suburbs have become multiracial. ==Government == During the apartheid era, the area now Johannesburg was divided into 11 local authorities, one of these the original white Johannesburg. The local authorities were seven white and four black. The white authorities were 90 percent self-sufficient, spending South African Rand 600 (United States dollar 93) per capita, while the black authorities were only ten percent self-sufficient, spending Rand 100 (USD 15) per capita. The first post-apartheid city council was created in 1995. The council adopted the slogan "One City, One Taxpayer" in order to highlight its primary goal of addressing inequal tax revenue distribution. To this end, revenue from wealthy, traditionally white areas would help pay for services needed in poorer, black areas. It is now divided into four regions, each with a autonomous region local regional authority that was to be overseen by a central metropolitan council. Furthermore, the municipal boundaries were expanded to include wealthy satellite towns like Sandton and Randburg, poorer neighbouring townships such as Soweto and Alexandra, South Africa, and informal settlements like Orange Farm. In 1999, Johannesburg appointed a city manager in order to reshape the city's ailing financial situation. The manager, together with the Municipal Council, drew up a blueprint called "Igoli 2002". This was a three-year plan that called upon the government to sell non-core assets, restructure certain utilities, and required that all others become self-sufficient. The plan took the city from near insolvency to an operating surplus of Rand (currency) 153 million (USD 23.6 million). The municipal council consists of 217 councillors, headed by a mayor. ==Crime== Like most major cities, Johannesburg has a crime problem. After the Group Areas Act, one of Apartheid's key pieces of legislation, was scrapped in the early 1990s, Johannesburg was affected by urban blight, as thousands of poor, mostly black, people who had been forbidden to live in the city proper, moved into the city from surrounding black townships such as Soweto. Crime levels rose and non-payment of rent led to apartment buildings being abandoned by landlords, especially in the high-density areas such as Hillbrow. Many corporations and institutions, including the JSE Securities Exchange, moved their headquarters to the suburb of Sandton to avoid the crime of the city centre. Reviving the city centre is one of the main aims of the municipal government of Johannesburg. Drastic measures have been taken to reduce crime in the city. These measures include closed-circuit television on street corners. The latest police statistics show that crime levels in Johannesburg have dropped as the economy has stabilised and begun to grow. == Geography and climate == South Africa is in the southern hemisphere, and experiences the opposite seasons from the northern hemisphere. Johannesburg is located in the eastern plateau area of South Africa, known as the Highveld, at an elevation of 1753 metres, which enjoys a dry, sunny climate with the exception of occasional late afternoon downpours from the months of October to April. Temperatures in Johannesburg are usually fairly mild, with the average maximum daytime temperature in summer being around 26°C, dropping to an average maximum of around 20°C in winter. During the winter, the temperature occasionally drops to below freezing, causing frost. The annual average rainfall is 600 mm to 800 mm, which is mostly concentrated in the summer months. Johannesburg's relatively dry climate has not stopped local residents and the city council from planting an abundance of trees, and the city prides itself on having the most planted tree of any city, about six million, which has created a forest-like appearance, especially in the lush northern suburbs. [[Image:Joburg.iss.400pix.jpg|frame|right|Johannesburg from the International Space Station]] == Demographics == According to the 2001 Statistics South Africa, the population of Johannesburg is 3,225,812 people, who live in 1,006,930 formal households, of which 86% have a flush or chemical toilet, and 91% have refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week. 86% of households have access to running water, and 80% use electricity as the main source of energy. 22% of Johannesburg residents stay in informal dwellings. 65% of households are headed by one person. Black Africans account for 73% of the population, followed by whites at 16%, coloureds at 6% and Asians at 4%. 42% of the population is under the age of 24. 6% of the population is over 60 years old. 37% of city residents are unemployed. 91% of the unemployed are black. Women comprise 43% of the working population. 19% of economically active adults work in wholesale and retail sectors, 18% in financial, real estate and business services, 17% in community, social and personal services and 12 percent are in manufacturing. Only 0.7% work in mining. 34% of Johannesburg residents speak Nguni languages at home, 26% speak Sotho languages, 19% speak English language, and 8% speak Afrikaans. 29% of adults have graduated from high school. 14% have higher education (University or Technical school). 7% of residents are completely illiterate. 15% have primary education. 34% use public transportation to commuting to work or school. 32% walk to work or school. 34% use private transportation to travel to work or school. 53% belong to mainstream Christianity churches. 24% are atheist. 14% are members of African Independent Churches. 3% are Islam. 1% are Jewish. 1% are Hinduism. Johannesburg, has significant Portuguese and Jewish communities. It also has a small Chinese community. == Economy == Johannesburg is the economic and financial hub of South Africa, producing 16% of South Africa's gross domestic product, and 40% of Gauteng's economy. Mining is the main source of the Witwatersrand's economy, but is importance gradually declining. While gold mining no longer takes place within the city limits, most mining companies have their headquarters in Johannesburg. The city has a great variety of manufacturing industries, including steel and cement plants. Many banking and commercial companies are also located in there. Johannesburg has Africa's largest stock exchange, the JSE Securities Exchange. Due to its commercial importance, this city is the site of a number of government branch offices, as well as consular offices and other institutions that are usually found only in capital cities. The Witwatersrand urban complex is a major consumer of water in a dry region. Its continued economic and population growth has depended on schemes to divert water from other regions of South Africa and from the highlands of Lesotho, but additional sources will be needed early in the 21st century. The container terminal at City Deep is purported to be the largest "dry port" in the world, with some 60% of cargo that arrives through the port of Durban arriving in Johannesburg. The City Deep area has been declared an IDZ (industrial development zone) by the Gauteng government, as part of the Blue IQ Project. Johannesburg's largest and most prestigious shopping centre is Sandton City. Other centres include Eastgate, Westgate, Northgate, Southgate and Cresta. There are also plans to build a 250 000 m² shopping centre, known as the Zonk'Izizwe Shopping Resort, in Midrand, on the outskirts of the city. "Zonk'Izizwe" means "All Nations" in Zulu language, indicating that the centre will cater to the city's diverse mix of peoples and races. Johannesburg is where the fast food brand, Nandos originated. == Communications and media == Several newspapers and magazines have their offices in the city, among them the most important are: * ''Beeld'' (Afrikaans) * ''City Press'' (English) * ''The Sowetan'' (English) * ''Mail & Guardian'' (English) * ''The Citizen'' (English) * ''The Star (Newspaper)'' (English) * ''Sunday Times'' (English) Johannesburg has two TV towers, the Hillbrow Tower and the Sentech Tower. == Suburbs == :''Main article: Suburbs of Johannesburg'' ;City Centre The streets of the city centre and the surrounding inner-city suburbs, such as Joubert Park, Hillbrow, and Berea are lined with skyscrapers which house many of Johannesburg's largest companies. Many people from Soweto have given up township living to join immigrants from the rest of Africa who have thronged to the inner city, taking over abandoned office blocks and decaying warehouses. On the western edge of Hillbrow is Constitution Hill, Johannesburg, the seat of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. ;Soweto Soweto is a mostly black urban area to the south west of the City Centre. During the apartheid regime, Soweto was constructed for the specific purpose of housing African people who were then living in areas designated by the government for white settlement, such as the multi-racial area called Sophiatown. Today, Soweto is among the poorest parts of Johannesburg, however there have been recent signs of economic improval and Soweto has become a centre for nightlife. ;Eastern suburbs Yeoville, east of Berea, has become a hub of Black nightlife in Johannesburg. East of Yeoville is Observatory, a quiet area with large houses. Directly east of the city centre are Troyeville and Bezuidenhout Valley (known universally as 'Bez Valley'), patches of which are slowly being gentrified. ;Northern suburbs As the city centre has seen a major demographic change over the past ten years, with some urban blight and inner city decay, many businesses have relocated to the northern suburbs. The northern suburb closest to the city is Parktown, which has many wealthy inhabitants and Edwardian mansions. Just west of Parktown is Westcliff. Directly north of Parktown are the suburbs of Saxonwold and Houghton. After Houghton is Rosebank, then Hyde Park, Sandton, and Morningside, all predominantly white and very wealthy enclaves. Since 2000, Sandton is the home of the JSE Securities Exchange, turning it into the financial centre of the city. ;Northwestern suburbs West of Parktown is Auckland Park, which is where the South African Broadcasting Corporation and the University of Johannesburg are located. The nearby suburb of Greenside, South Africa has enjoyed a resurgence in property value and investment. North of Auckland Park lies Melville, South Africa, which has been transformed into a bohemian enclave of restaurants, cafés, bookstores and nightspots since the South African Broadcasting Corporation moved its headquarters to the adjacent suburb of Auckland Park. West of Melville is Sophiatown, once one of the most vibrant black suburbs in the city. Considered a criminal and political hotbed, the entire suburb was razed to the ground in the 1950s. In its place was built the all-white suburb of Triomf, meaning triumph in Afrikaans. The only remaining Sophiatown building is the Church of Christ the King. The area has since reverted to its original name of "Sophiatown". == Tourism == Johannesburg is not generally known as a tourist destination, but the city is a transit point for connecting flights to Cape Town, Durban, and the Kruger National Park. Consequently, most international visitors to South Africa pass through Johannesburg at least once. Tourists from Africa alone spend $1.5 billion per annum at the many shopping malls located in the city, causing some to refer to Johannesburg as "the Dubai of Africa". The Cradle of Humankind [http://www.cradleofhumankind.co.za] UNESCO World Heritage Site is 25 kilometres to the north-west of the city. The Sterkfontein fossil site is famous for being the world's richest hominid site and produced the first adult Australopithecus africanus, and the first near-complete skeleton of an early Australopithecine. == Sports teams and stadiums == Johannesburg is a major regional centre for sport and home to the following sport clubs:
Johannesburg will be the location of some of the matches of the Football World Cup 2010, which is to be held in South Africa. == Transportation == Johannesburg, much like Los Angeles, is a young and sprawling city geared towards private motorists, and lacks a convenient public transportation system. However, as many of Johannesburg's residents are comparatively poor when compared to those of Los Angeles, a significant number are unable to afford their own cars and are dependant on the city's informal minibus taxis. === Mass transit === Johannesburg's metro railway system connects central Johannesburg to Soweto, Pretoria, and most of the satellite towns along the Witwatersrand. The railways transport huge numbers of workers every day. However, the railway infrastructure was built in Johannesburg's infancy and covers only the older areas in the city's south. In the past half century Johannesburg has grown largely northwards, and none of the northern areas, including the key business districts of Sandton, Midrand, Randburg, and Rosebank, have any rail infrastructure. The Gauteng Provincial Government's Blue IQ Project, however, has made provisions for the creation of a rapid railway link running north to south between Johannesburg and Pretoria, and east-west between Sandton and Johannesburg International Airport. Slated to be ready in time for the Football World Cup 2010, the rail system is being designed to alleviate traffic on the N1 (South Africa) freeway between Johannesburg and Pretoria, which records vehicle loads of up to 160,000 per day. === Airports === Johannesburg is served by Johannesburg International Airport for both domestic and international flights. Other airports include Rand Airport, Grand Central Airport and Lanseria. Rand Airport, located in Germiston, is a small airfield used mostly for private aircraft and the home of South African Airways's first Boeing 747, the Lebombo, which is now an aviation museum. Grand Central is located in Midrand and also caters to small, private aircraft. Lanseria Airport is used for commercial flights to Cape Town, Botswana, and Sun City. === Buses === Johannesburg is served by a bus fleet operated by [http://www.mbus.co.za/ Metrobus], a corporate unit of the City of Johannesburg. It has a fleet consisting of approximately 550 single and double-decker buses, plying 84 different routes in the city. This total includes 200 modern buses (150 double-deckers and 50 single-deckers), made by Volvo and Marcopolo/Brasa in 2002. Metrobus' fleet carries around 20 million passengers per annum. Metrobus also operates a number of open-top buses in the "City Slicker" role, using them to provide guided tours around the city. In addition there are a number of private bus operators, though most focus on the inter-city routes, or on bus charters for touring groups. === Taxis === Johannesburg has two kinds of taxis, metered taxis and minibus taxis. Unlike most cities, metered taxis are not allowed to drive around the city looking for passengers and instead must be called and ordered to a destination. Metered taxis are rare, in comparison to many other cities. Minibus "taxis" are not really taxis. They operate as unscheduled small buses. Each tends to ply one route, each passenger pays a fare, and the "taxi" does not leave until it is full. Typically the minibuses used are rented by the day by the driver for a fixed fee who then must compete for passengers in a mad free for all. Turf wars are common and organised crime plays a big part. Consequently the minibus "taxis" are regarded by many as an utter menace to other road users. Many of these taxis are unlicensed and unroadworthy and some drivers blantly disobey traffic regulations and signs. Usually the metered taxis are used from time to time by the wealthy middle classes, the minibus "taxis" are the de facto standard and essential form of transport for the majority of the population. === Highways === ''Main article: Johannesburg Freeways'' The fact that Johannesburg is not built near a large navigable body of water has meant that from the very beginning of the city's history, ground transportation has been the most important method of transporting people and goods in and out of the city. One of Africa's most famous "beltways" or ring roads/orbitals is the Johannesburg Ring Road. The road is comprised of three freeway that converge on the city, forming an 80-kilometre (50-mile) loop around it: the N3 Eastern Bypass (South Africa), which links Johannesburg with Durban; the N1 Western Bypass (South Africa), which links Johannesburg with Pretoria and Cape Town; and the N12 Southern Bypass (South Africa), which links Johannesburg with Witbank and Kimberley. The N3 (South Africa) was built exclusively with asphalt, while the N12 (South Africa and N1 (South Africa) sections were made with concrete, hence the nickname given to the N1 Western Bypass, "The Concrete Highway". In spite being up to 12 lanes wide in some areas (6 lanes in either direction), the Johannesburg Ring Road is frequently clogged with traffic. The Gillooly's Interchange, built on an old farm and the point at which the N3 Eastern Bypass and the R24 Airport Freeway intersect, is purported to be the busiest interchange in the Southern Hemisphere. == Universities in Johannesburg == Johannesburg is home to many of South Africa's largest university, and is the centre of higher learning for all of South Africa. The city's universities include: * University of the Witwatersrand * University of Johannesburg * Monash University * Midrand University ==References== * ''Early Johannesburg, Its Buildings and People'', Hannes Meiring, Human & Rousseau, 1986, 143 pages, ISBN 0798114568 *''Gold! Gold! Gold! The Johannesburg Gold Rush'', Eric Rosenthal, AD. Donker, 1970, ISBN 0949937649 ==External links== * [http://www.joburg.org.za Official Website of the City of Johannesburg] * [http://www.jse.co.za The JSE Securities Exchange] - South Africa's biggest stock exchange * Travel and city guides from [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Johannesburg Wikitravel], [http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-191501609-johannesburg_vacations-i Yahoo.com], [http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=johannesburg@81 Fodors.com], [http://www.worldexecutive.com/cityguides/johannesburg/index.html OpenWorld], [http://www.frommers.com/destinations/johannesburg/ Frommers.com] and [http://www.economist.com/cities/citiesmain.cfm?city_id=JOH Economist.com] Cities in South Africa Johannesburg Gauteng Province simple:Johannesburg
Johannesburg
== Early talk == was Alexandra a "satellite town," or was it previously part of the Johannesburg municipality? Alexandra was in fact a satellite town, with its own municipal boundaries, on the old border between Johannesburg and Sandton. In the previous government's Apartheid sysrtem, black townships were given some form of self-autonomy, with their own municipal governing bodies and buildings. It was a contrived, artificial way of enforcing the Group Areas Act, which kept racial groups apart in separate suburbs. Alex, for short, is as much a part of Johannesburg as Soweto. The stark contrast between the area and the nearby upmarket area of Sandton, however, is absolutely marked, and is typical of South African cities: the best of the First World mixed with the worst of the Third World. == New York Reference == In response to the reference made to crime in New York, I find the two cities incompatable for comparison. Johannesburg has a crime problem because many poor people moved into areas that they were not allowed to live in before, where as in New York the crime problem of the 1980's mostly sprung up because the city government was completely bankrupt and unable to to provide any services or adequate police protection. I am deleting the reference. User:PZFUN 08:08, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC) The reference to crime in New York would not have been made if the reference to crime in Johannesburg had not been made. Crime is a problem in most major cities, and is not endemic to Johannesburg. All cities of the world have crime. A sweeping statement like "Johannesburg is notorious for its crime" is totally POV - especially when it comes from someone who does not live in the city. User:Rob Thomas 12:12, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC) I believe that it is only the people who do not live in a city that can really know what it is notorious for. New York is not notorious for its crime now. It is the safest large city in the United States. Johannesburg does have a crime epidemic. There are few cities in the world where one out of four people are involved in a crime every year, and where carjacking is such a problem. If crime were not such a problem, why would so many people be moving out of the city into gated compounds? User:PZFUN 13:21, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC) You're right. New York is not known for its crime. It's known for the tragedy of planes being flown into buildings and those buildings falling down and 3,000 people being killed in 2 hours. I'd say that's a lot more dangerous than Jo'burg. I did not say Johannesburg doesn't have a crime problem. Of course it does. But then so does every major city in the world - including New York (bury your head in the sand as much as you like, dear). "I believe that it is only the people who do not live in a city that can really know what it is notorious for. New York is not notorious for its crime now." Um, since you live in New York, aren't you contradicting yourself just a tad? ==Khoi== "until the Khoikhoi and other Bantu-speaking people migrated into the area"? Someone please correct this! Khoikhoi are not Bantu-speaking, nor did they arrive in the country at the same time. ::Fixed, removed the Khoikhoi section as they were a breakaway section of the San who moved south, into the Cape. However, I'm still not 100% sure of the dates placed there. I replaced the Bantu arrival date with one I found on the official Johannesburg site, but I am unsure of the "100 000BC" quoted for the San. User:Impi 21:43, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) == Question == Is the Monash University in Johannesburg a campus of the Australian one, or an entirely seperate entity?--User:ZayZayEM 12:53, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC) : I just phoned Monash SA and the receptionist said they they are owned by Monash University Australia and it is run as a campus. --User:Jcw69 13:02, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Water contradiction == Article: ''It is the only major city in the world that was not founded on a coast or that does not have a river running through it.'' Elsewhere in the article Mexico City and Phoenix are each identified as being such cities. User:Psb777 11:27, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Apartheid Johannesburg == Article: ''During the Apartheid era, Johannesburg was divided into 11 local authorities: seven white and four black.'' Well, no. The area which is now called Johannesburg is different from what Jhb was then. What happened is that the area adminstratively Johannesburg has changed. Randburg, Sandton, Soweto, Alexandria etc etc were never part of Johannesburg and this was not only a race issue, Randburg and Sandton were "white" areas: There is a new greater Johannesburg which never existed before. A more accurate but awkward sentence would be: ''What is the now expanded Johannesburg was formed out of 11 apartheid-era local authorities, including what was formerly Johannesburg.'' User:Psb777 11:37, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Climate == Article: ''In the winter, the average maximum daytime temperature is around 20°C, while the average summer daytime temperature is around 25°C.'' Inconsistent. We are comparing a winter maximum with a summer average. Or so it reads. User:Psb777 11:59, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Demographics - inaccurate stats == According to Statistics South Africa census 2001 approx 62% of Jhb households have a fridge. The article says different. Where are the article's statistics from? User:Psb777 10:22, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) My use of the Stats SA web site can be checked [http://www.statssa.gov.za/census01/Census/Database/Census%202001/Municipality%20Level/Households/Households.asp HERE]: City of Johannesburg Metro Total households (all population groups) Radio yes 786826 Radio no 220105 Television yes 680103 Television no 326830 Computer yes 163702 Computer no 843228 Refrigerator yes 629801 Refrigerator no 377130 Telephone in dwelling yes 340911 Telephone in dwelling no 666021 Cell-Phone yes 466418 Cell-Phone no 540513 So: Radio 79%, TV 68%, PC 16%, Fridge 63%, Landline phone 34%, Cellphone 47%. User:Psb777 10:38, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) The article is accurate for: Flushing or chemical toilets 86%. Cellphone or landline or both in dwelling, according to another part of Stats SA: 56% approx, article correct. Article correct for water access. User:Psb777 10:52, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) :Many appear to have come from the City of Johannesburg's [http://www.joburg.org.za/facts/index_demographics.stm Demographics] page. User:Impi 14:45, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) And so you (plural?) are happy with them as they stand? User:Psb777 18:02, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) This stats in this sentence I am still looking for the source of: ''"64% of Johannesburg residents own their own home. 57% own, or have use of a motorcar. 21% have at least one domestic worker. 11% moved houses in the last year. 2% flew overseas last year. 10% flew within South Africa last year."'' Much of that seems unlikely to me. User:Psb777 18:24, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC) Saying nothing about their accuracy - the ''figures'' come from http://www.joburg.org.za/business/stats.stm . Congrats on getting this to FA status - lets get that Disputed tag off the front page. 64% and 57% sound highly unlikely to me, if we include the townships ? Maybe everyone in Soweto owns their own house ? I spent a weekend there once - Naledi - and they certainly appeared to own their own house. User:Wikiwizzy 08:29, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC) That same source claims that 44% of Johannesburg residents have eaten in a restaurant in the last month. That such a high proportion have done so is unlikely even in a city such as Manchester, nevermind Johannesburg. 44%? In the wealthy middle class suburbs maybe, but those areas are not representative of the Greater Johannesburg described in this article. Perhaps the best way to get rid of the disputed tag is to delete all statistics which are only from the same source. User:Psb777 12:45, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) I've worked it out! People are forced to eat at restaurants because only 63% have a fridge! User:Psb777 ''"29% of adults have graduated from high school. 14% have higher education (University or Technical school). 7% of residents are completely illiterate. 15% have primary education"'' That adds up to 55% - what about the other 45% of the population? User:Sonelle 14:21, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC) == PZFUN == User:PZFUN: Your bizarre reversion of several editors is a problem (see Wikipedia:Ownership of articles). If you object to certain parts of edits, feel free to change the, —but don't revert other (uncontested) edits that others make. User:NeutralityUser talk:Neutrality 06:18, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) ::Feel free to restore British spellings, just don't blanket-revert articles. User:NeutralityUser talk:Neutrality 06:25, Jan 18, 2005 (UTC) :::You are more than welcome to restore the previous British spelligns before you changed them. I'm still curious as to why you are right-justifying all of the images. it has made the page lopsided and ugly. I do not have an ownership problem, but I am curious as to why you are changing the entire layout of a page that you have had ny previous involvement with and did not discuss before you made the changes on the talk page. User:PZFUN 06:27, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Johannesburg in Kern county == I am kind of surprised that there seems to be a Johannesburg in USA. See the paragraph below from included link. If this is true, how about attaching a small note on the top of this article? "California law bans livestock from highways, but not domestic animals. Linc and Helena Moore had been fined on 26 March after their chicken wandered onto a road in the small rural mining town of Johannesburg in Kern county. " [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4591869.stm] == Repeating == Parts of the article keep on repeating themseleves over and over again (like the trees thing.) Could we please get rid of some of this?--User:199.212.250.96 15:36, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Jewhannesburg?! == I must say, this is the first time I've heard that one. I'm not too keen to have it in the article, but I'd like to hear others' opinions... User:Dewet 05:50, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) :Three distinct hits on Google.[http://www.google.co.uk/search?biw=1149&hl=en&q=Jewhannesburg&btnG=Google+Search&meta=] User:Susvolans User talk:Susvolans 08:51, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) :: I live in Johannesburg, and I am sorry, I have never heard of Johannesburg being called ''Jewhannesburg''. It is the first time I've ever heard of this word. I've asked some Muslims who work in my building and they too have never heard of this word. --User:Jcw69 13:28, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) :: It looks like the word was used in the early 1900s as an anti-Semitic slur and a play on the name Johannesburg. Referances are only found by Google on 2 sites dating from this period. --User:Jcw69 13:38, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Johannesburg
This is a category of articles pertaining to the South Africa city of Johannesburg Cities in South Africa
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
J
JA | JB | JC | JD | JE | JF | JG | JH | JI | JK | JL | JM | JN | JO | JP | JR | JS | JT | JU | JW | JX | JY | JZ |Words begining with Johannesburg:
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Johannesburg,_CA
Johannesburg,_California
Johannesburg,_California
Johannesburg,_South_Africa
Johannesburg_Freeways
Johannesburg_infobox
Johannesburg_infobox
Johannesburg_International_Airport
Johannesburg_Internet_Exchange
Johannesburg_level_crossing_accident
Johannesburg_Malls
Johannesburg_regions_infobox
Johannesburg_Ring_Road
Johannesburg_South
Johannesburg_sports
Johannesburg_Stadium
Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange
Johannesburg_Stock_Exchange
Johannesburg_Streets
Johannesburg_Suburbs
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