
:''This article is about the scanning technology. For other meanings see Isis (disambiguation).'' ISIS (''Image and Scanner Interface Specification'') is an industry standard interface for image scanner technologies. It was developed by Pixel Translations in 1990, and they retain control over development and licensing. ISIS can be considered as a "big brother" to the TWAIN standard, which tends to be used on small scanner hardware for home use. ISIS compatible scanners typically use a SCSI-2 interface, while TWAIN hardware now mostly uses USB. ISIS has a wider feature set than TWAIN, can handle greater speeds, and also handles some aspects of image display and manipulation for the client application. Most major scanner manufacturers, including Kodak, Canon (company), Hewlett-Packard, and Fujitsu use the ISIS interface for their departmental and high-capacity scanner hardware. The ISIS architecture is a mutable architecture based on modules—software components that perform specific imaging functions (e.g., image acquisition, file conversion, data extraction and file read/write commands). ISIS architecture allows for new modules to be added without making system-wide changes: you simply add what you need where it’s needed. ISIS modules interact with each other through a system of tags (data storage areas) and choices (value sets). A combination of two or more ISIS modules put together to perform a specific imaging function is called an ISIS pipe. ISIS pipes can be constructed according to each developers specific imaging needs. First and foremost in the benefits ISIS delivers to developers is compatibility: ISIS-compatible drivers are available for more than 250 scanner models, most of them certified by Pixel Translations to be compatible with any properly written ISIS application. ISIS' compatibility is further evidenced by its being the basis for the AIIM (The Association for Information and Image Management) MS61 standard since 1996, which is in the public domain. ==External links== * [http://www.pixtran.com/index.asp Pixel Translations] Standards
---- ==Isis in Egypt== === Early Isis === Isis (Greek language corruption; the Egyptian language is Aset) was originally a goddess from Nubia, and was adopted into Egyptian mythology very early on. Her name literally means ''(female) of throne'', i.e. ''Queen of the throne'', although the heiroglyph used originally meant ''(female) of flesh'', i.e. mortal, and she may simply have represented deified, real, queens. When deified, symbolic of the queen, it was sometimes said that she was the daughter of Tawaret, the goddess of royal birth. A hymn about Isis from the 14th century BC says: :''In the beginning there was Isis: Oldest of the Old, She was the Goddess from whom all Becoming of the House of Life, Mistress of the Word of God. She was the Unique. In all Her great and wonderful works She was a wiser magician and more excellent than any other God''. As the deification of the wife of the pharaoh, Isis protected the dead body of the Pharaoh, since this was seen as an intrinsic part of her job as royal protector. Thus she gained a funerary association, and was said to be the mother of the four gods who protected the canopic jars. More specifically, Isis was viewed as protector of the god Imsety. This association with the Pharaoh's wife also brought the idea that Isis was considered the spouse of Horus, who was protector, and later the deification, of the Pharaoh himself. Consequently, on occasion, her mother was said to be that of Horus, namely Hathor In another area of Egypt, when the pantheon was formalised, Isis became one of the Ennead of Heliopolis, as a daughter of Nuit and Geb, and sister to Osiris, Nephthys, and Set (mythology). As a funerary deity, she was associated with Osiris, god of the ''underworld'' (''Aaru''), and thus was considered his wife, wheras Nepthys was the wife of Set. With Nepthys, Isis was often depicted on coffins, with wings outstretched, as protectors against evil. A later legend, ultimately a result of the replacement of another god of the underworld, when the cult of Osiris gained more authority, tells of the birth of Anubis. The tale describes how Nephthys became sexually frustrated with Set, who was gay (and already had a male lover - Shu), and so disguised herself as the much more attractive Isis to try to seduce him, but it didn't work. However, Osiris found her very attractive, as he thought she was Isis, and so they had sexual intercourse together, resulting in the birth of Anubis. In fear of Set's anger, Nephthys persuaded Isis to adopt Anubis, so that Set would not find out. The tale describes both why it is that Anubis is seen as an underworld deity, namely he is a son of Osiris, and how he couldn't inherit Osiris' position, as he was not a Illegitimacy heir, neatly preserving Osiris' position as lord of the underworld. === Assimilation of Hathor === Beliefs about Ra himself had been hovering around the identification of Ra, a sun god, with Horus, another sun god (as the compound ''Ra-Herakhty''), and so for some time, Isis had intermittently been considered the wife of Ra, since she was the wife of Horus. Consequently, since there was not anything logically troubling by identifying Isis as Ra's wife, Hathor unlike identifying Ra as his own son, she and Hathor became considered the same deity, ''Isis-Hathor''. Sometimes the alternative consideration arose, that Isis, in the Ennead, was a child of ''Atum-Ra'', and so should have been a child of Ra's wife, Hathor, although this was less favoured as Isis had enough in common with Hathor to be considered one and the same. It was this merger with Hathor that proved to be the most significant event in the history of Egyptian mythology. By merging with Hathor, Isis became the mother of Horus, rather than his Wife, and thus, when beliefs of Ra absorbed Atum into ''Atum-Ra'', it also had to be taken into account that Isis was one of the Ennead, as the wife of Osiris. However, it had to be explained how Osiris, who as god of the dead, was dead, could be considered a father to Horus who was very much not considered dead. This lead to the evolution of the idea that Osiris needed to be resurrected, and so to the Legend of Osiris and Isis, a myth so significant that everything else paled in comparison. In order to resurrect Osiris for the purpose of having the child Horus, it was necessary for Isis to learn magic, and so it was that Isis tricked Ra (i.e. ''Amun-Ra''/''Atum-Ra'') into telling her his "secret name", by getting a snake to bite and poison him, so that he would use his "secret name" to survive. In consequence, as well as the attributes of motherhood and fertility originating in Hathor, Isis became a goddess of magic. The priestesses of Isis were healers and midwives, and were said to have many special powers, including dream interpretation and the ability to control the weather by braiding or combing their hair, the latter of which was because the ancient Egyptians considered knots to have magical power. Serket became considered an aspect of the more significant goddess Isis, because she was also seen as curer of poisoned scorpion stings (and so a healer, and thus patron also of magicians), and because she was also one of the four goddesses protecting the gods who watched the canopic jars, like Isis, and was also a protector of marriage. Because of the association between knots and magical power, a symbol of Isis was the ''tiet''/''tyet'' (meaning ''welfare''/''life''), also called the ''Knot of Isis'', ''Buckle of Isis'', or the ''Blood of Isis''. The ''tiet'' in many respects resembles an ankh, except that its arms curve down, and in all these cases seems to represent the idea of eternal life/resurrection. The meaning of ''Blood of Isis'' is more obscured, but the ''tyet'' was often used as a funerary amulet made of red wood, stone, or glass, so this may have simply been a description of its appearance. === Assimilation of Mut === After the authority of Thebes had risen, and made Amun into a much more significant god, it later waned, and Amun was assimilated into Ra. In consequence, Amun's consort, Mut, the doting, infertile, and implicitely virginal, mother, who by this point had absorbed other goddesses herself, was assimilated into Ra's wife, Isis-Hathor, as ''Mut-Isis-Nekhbet''. On occasion, Mut's infertility and implicit virginity, was taken into consideration, and so Horus, who was too significant to ignore, had to be explained by saying that Isis became pregnant with magic, when she transformed herself into a kite (bird) and flew over Osiris' dead body. Mut's husband was Amun, who had by this time become identified with Min (god) as ''Amun-Min'' (also known by his epithet - ''Kamutef''). Since Mut had become part of Isis, it was natural to try to make Amun, part of Osiris, the husband of Isis, but this was not easily reconcilable, because Amun-Min was a fertility god and Osiris was the god of the dead. Consequently they remained regarded separately, and Isis was sometimes said to be the lover of Min. Subsequently, as at this stage Amun-Min was considered an aspect of Ra (''Amun-Ra''), he was also considered an aspect of Horus, since Horus was identified as Ra, and thus Isis' son was on rare occasions said to be Min instead, which neatly avoided having confusion over Horus's status as was held at being the husband and son of Isis. The star Spica (sometimes called ''Lute Bearer''), and the constellation which roughly corresponded to the modern Virgo, appeared at a time of year associated with the harvest of wheat and grain, and thus with fertility gods and goddesses. Consequently they were associated with Hathor, and hence with Isis. Isis also assimilated Sopdet, the personification of Sirius, since Sopdet, rising just before the flooding of the Nile, was seen as a bringer of fertility, and so had been identified with Hathor. Sopdet still retained an element of distinct identity, however, as Siruis was quite visibly a star and not living in the underworld. === Depictions === In art, originally Isis was pictured as a woman wearing a headdress in the shape of a throne, sometimes holding a lotus, as a sycamore tree. After her assimilation of Hathor, Isis was often symbolised by a cow, or a cow's head, or, in the most common form, a woman with the horns of a cow on her head, with the sun disc (of Horus) between them. Usually, she was depicted with her son, the great god Horus, with a crown and a vulture, and sometimes as a kite (bird) flying above Osiris's body. In the Book of the Dead Isis was described as ''She who gives birth to heaven and earth, knows the orphan, knows the widow, seeks justice for the poor, and shelter for the weak''. Some of Isis' many other titles were ''Queen of Heaven'', ''Mother of the Gods'', ''The One Who is All'', ''Lady of Green Crops'', ''The Brilliant One in the Sky'', ''Star of the Sea'', ''Great Lady of Magic'', ''Mistress of the House of Life'', ''She Who Knows How To Make Right Use of the Heart'', ''Light-Giver of Heaven'', ''Lady of the Words of Power'', and ''Moon Shining Over the Sea''. In late times, due to her name, and her associations, she was often confused with the unconnected Chaldean mythology goddess Astarte. Also, during the period of Greece dominance, due to her attributes as a protector, and mother, and the lusty aspect originally from Hathor, she was made the patron goddess of sailors. ==Isis outside Egypt== The cult of Isis rose to prominence in the Hellenism world, beginning in the 1st century BC, until it was eventually banned by the Christianity in the 6th century. Despite the Isis mystery religion's growing popularity, there is evidence to suggest that the Isis mysteries were not altogether welcomed by the ruling classes in Rome. Her rites were considered by the princeps Augustus to be "pornographic" and capable of destroying the Roman moral fibre. Tacitus writes that after Julius Caesar's assassination, a temple in honour of Isis had been decreed; Augustus suspended this, and tried to turn Romans back to the Roman gods who were closely associated with the state. Eventually the Roman emperor Gaius abandoned the Augustan wariness towards Oriental cults, and it was in his reign that the Isiac festival was established in Rome. According to Josephus, Gaius himself donned female garb and took part in the mysteries he instituted, and Isis acquired in the Hellenistic age a "new rank as a leading goddess of the Mediterranean world." Roman perspectives on cult were syncretism, seeing in a new deity merely local aspects of a familiar one. For many Romans, Egyptian Isis was an aspect of Phrygian Cybele, whose orgiastic rites were long naturalized at Rome, indeed she was known as ''Isis of Ten Thousand Names''. In the ''Golden Ass'' (1st century), Apuleius' goddess Isis is identified with Cybele: :''Behold, Lucius, I have arrived. Thy weeping and prayers have moved me to succour thee. I am she that is the natural mother of all things, the Mistress and Governess of all the Elements, the initial Progenitrix of all things, the Chief of powers divine, Queen of Heaven, the First of the Gods celestial, the light of the Goddesses. At my will, the planets of the air, the wholesome winds of the Seas, and the silences of hell are disposed; my name, my divinity is adored throughout all the world in various manners, in various customs and in many names, for the Phrygians call me the Mother of the Gods.'' Among these names of Roman Isis, ''Queen of Heaven'' is outstanding for its long and continuous history. Herodotus identified Isis with the Greek mythology and Roman mythology goddesses of agriculture, Demeter and Ceres. In Yorùbá mythology, Isis became Yemaya. In later years, Isis also had temples throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia, and as far away as the British Isles, where there was a temple to Isis on the River Thames by Southwark. Some scholars argue that aspects of Isis worship have influenced the practices of some Christians in regards to the Virgin Mary, and especially her relationship with her son, Horus. There is a strong resemblance to the depiction of the seated Isis holding or suckling the child Horus and the seated Mary and the baby Jesus. It has been suggested by these scholars that the reason Isis worship abruptly ends, despite the vast number of its adherants, is down to her having been identified as Mary, and her temples having been merely renamed in consequence. If this is true then Isis is still worshipped today, and has been for at least 5000 years, and if it is not, then there has still been a recent revival of explicitely Isis based worship, among neopagans and feminists who are attracted by the matriarchal notions of goddess worship. ==External links== ===Ancient worship=== *[http://www.touregypt.net/ISIS.HTM Egypt:Gods - Isis] ===Modern worship=== *[http://www.Fellowshipofisis.com Fellowship of Isis ] *[http://www.goddess2000.org/IsIs.html Altar of Isis, Goddess & Queen] *[http://www.iseum.org.uk/ The Isiaic Religious Society] *[http://www.templeofisis.com/the_great_isis.shtml The Temple of Isis] Agricultural goddesses Egyptian goddesses Fertility goddesses Fictional queens Life-death-rebirth goddesses
Wikipedia:Missing Wikipedians
Anyone know why Isis left exactly? For WP:MW.-User:Stevertigo 05:30, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) : Did she leave because she doesn't agree with WP's legal future? From my understanding, she left because she thinks that User:Tarquin insulted her and her ability as a legal worker (re: copyright status of an uploaded image). Subsequently, she attempted to sue Wikipedia for this, but the matter was inconclusive. The attempts to resolve the incident was private, by a couple of representative Wikipedians. Consequently, there was no trial, but no public reconciliation either. : --User:Menchi 05:39, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) :IIRC it started with this diff: [http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk:Juliette_Binoche&diff=634635&oldid=620871]. Tarquin said "Isis' interpretation is mistaken. Photographs are covered by copyright". Isis saw this as a slanderous accusation that Tarquin knew more about law than she. She demanded that Tarquin retract it, and when he didn't, she stated her intention to sue. She was obviously in a litigious mood since her 6 month suspension for bad behaviour had just finished and she was allowed back in the courtroom again. Anyway, the discussion spread to about half a dozen different places: User talk:Tarquin, User talk:Isis, User talk:Jimbo Wales and wikien-l. Tarquin declared that he'd had enough and he was leaving Wikipedia, which prompted an immediate community response now in User talk:Tarquin/Archive 3. Isis left at about the same time, saying that she was going to file a lawsuit shortly thereafter. If the lawsuit ever materialised, I didn't hear anything about it. Tarquin came back after a short time. -- User:Tim Starling 06:14, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) :I understood User:Eloquence mentionned once to me that Isis admin status was not volontarily removed. ? :Suing just because someone implied he knew law better than her ? My... :what do you mean 6 months suspension ? on wikipedia or in real life ? User:Anthere :: As a lawyer in real life. --User:Menchi 06:33, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) ::::I'd better get my facts straight, hadn't I? I don't want to get sued as well. I seem to remember there being a suspension that ran out a couple of months before the event in question, but I can't find it at the moment. There was [http://www.cjnj.org/html/sanctions/166NA558.pdf this] one year suspension, [http://courts.state.de.us/supreme/ordsops/178-2000.pdf this] three year suspension, [http://www.courts.state.md.us/attygrievance/sanctions01.html this] reciprocal action, [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/delawarestatecases/391-1998a.doc this] one year suspension... Nope, can't find it. -- User:Tim Starling 07:01, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) :::Oh. Well...I read the archive at Tarquin. I remember part of the story for what I read on the ML. Then left for holidays, and never really understood what really happened in the end. I think that if a contributor was legally threatened by another contributor, that is something that should be mentionned in the history of Wikipedia. It certainly could happen again. But not if it pains Tarquin. I am glad he came back :-) User:Anthere :I was also interested in looking over this incident in Wikipedia's history. However, perhaps someone should look through these "deleted" materials before publishing them again publicly or summarizing them to make sure there is no defamation or personality/privacy rights violations. While any disciplinary decisions that are published are part of the public record commenting on them may require tack and deference to the unreolved nature of allegations (i.e. wait until any claims have been permanently extinguished before writing the history on them). User:Alex756 10:08, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) :: Guys, if you think it's useful to document the whole sorry affair, then go ahead. As far as I am concerned, the matter is ancient history. -- User:Tarquin 10:15, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) :::Ok, I guess I'll close the thread I started-- thanks Tarquin, and Alex, well be looking fo'wad t'yer brief on the matter ;). -User:Stevertigo 17:40, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) ps.I wouldnt be too worried about defamation suit, just simply for archiving the legal argument --keeping any speculation about "reasons for leaving" separate.-SV == If you ever return... == Hi, I've started the User:rambot#Free the Rambot Articles Project which has the goals of getting users to Wikipedia:Multi-licensing all of their contributions that they've made to... #...all U.S. state, county, and city articles... #...all articles... using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (''CC-by-sa'') version 1.0 and 2.0 Creative Commons Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The ''CC-by-sa'' license is a true free documentation license that is similar to the GFDL (which every contribution made to Wikipedia is licensed under), but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles (See the Wikipedia:Multi-licensing for more information). Since you are among the Wikipedia:List_of_Wikipedians_by_number_of_edits Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at ''minimum'' those on the geographic articles. So far over 90% of people who have responded have done this. :Nutshell: Wikipedia articles can be shared with any other GFDL project but open/free projects using the incompatible Creative Commons Licenses (e.g. WikiTravel) can't use our stuff and we can't use theirs. It is important to us that other free projects can use our stuff. So we use their licenses too. To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste theI agree to Wikipedia:Multi-licensing all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:
:I agree to Wikipedia:Multi-licensing all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:
:User_Talk:Poccil,_User:Poccil/Automation.js)">User:Poccil|User:Poccil (User Talk:Poccil, User:Poccil/Automation.js) 01:53, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.
==Unverified images==
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:
*:Image:Imperial_regalia.JPG
I notice it currently doesn't have an Wikipedia:Image copyright tags. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use User_Talk:Poccil,_User:Poccil/Automation.js)">User:Poccil|User:Poccil (User Talk:Poccil, User:Poccil/Automation.js) 03:24, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.
==Unverified images==
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:
*:Image:Ditto_machine.JPG
I notice it currently doesn't have an Wikipedia:Image copyright tags. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use User_Talk:Poccil,_User:Poccil/Automation.js)">User:Poccil|User:Poccil (User Talk:Poccil, User:Poccil/Automation.js) 05:47, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.
==Star Trek: Insurrection==
I replaced your by a cleaner version of the
:Image:Star_Trek_IX.jpg, hope you don't mind --User:Astrowob 04:22, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
I thought turning this into a disambiguation page made sense. Comments?User:Andylehrer 04:34, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Isis:
ISIS
Isis
Isis
Isis
Isis
ISIS-I
Isisford
Isisford,_Queensland
Isistius_brasiliensis
Isis_(band)
Isis_(crater)
Isis_(disambiguation)
Isis_(goddess)
Isis_(Lunar_crater)
Isis_(Stargate)
Isis_(Stargate-SG-1)
Isis_and_Osiris
Isis_Ishtar
ISIS_magazine
Isis_Megazord
Isis_Unveiled
ISIS
:''This article is about the scanning technology. For other meanings see Isis (disambiguation).'' ISIS (''Image and Scanner Interface Specification'') is an industry standard interface for image scanner technologies. It was developed by Pixel Translations in 1990, and they retain control over development and licensing. ISIS can be considered as a "big brother" to the TWAIN standard, which tends to be used on small scanner hardware for home use. ISIS compatible scanners typically use a SCSI-2 interface, while TWAIN hardware now mostly uses USB. ISIS has a wider feature set than TWAIN, can handle greater speeds, and also handles some aspects of image display and manipulation for the client application. Most major scanner manufacturers, including Kodak, Canon (company), Hewlett-Packard, and Fujitsu use the ISIS interface for their departmental and high-capacity scanner hardware. The ISIS architecture is a mutable architecture based on modules—software components that perform specific imaging functions (e.g., image acquisition, file conversion, data extraction and file read/write commands). ISIS architecture allows for new modules to be added without making system-wide changes: you simply add what you need where it’s needed. ISIS modules interact with each other through a system of tags (data storage areas) and choices (value sets). A combination of two or more ISIS modules put together to perform a specific imaging function is called an ISIS pipe. ISIS pipes can be constructed according to each developers specific imaging needs. First and foremost in the benefits ISIS delivers to developers is compatibility: ISIS-compatible drivers are available for more than 250 scanner models, most of them certified by Pixel Translations to be compatible with any properly written ISIS application. ISIS' compatibility is further evidenced by its being the basis for the AIIM (The Association for Information and Image Management) MS61 standard since 1996, which is in the public domain. ==External links== * [http://www.pixtran.com/index.asp Pixel Translations] Standards
Isis
---- ==Isis in Egypt== === Early Isis === Isis (Greek language corruption; the Egyptian language is Aset) was originally a goddess from Nubia, and was adopted into Egyptian mythology very early on. Her name literally means ''(female) of throne'', i.e. ''Queen of the throne'', although the heiroglyph used originally meant ''(female) of flesh'', i.e. mortal, and she may simply have represented deified, real, queens. When deified, symbolic of the queen, it was sometimes said that she was the daughter of Tawaret, the goddess of royal birth. A hymn about Isis from the 14th century BC says: :''In the beginning there was Isis: Oldest of the Old, She was the Goddess from whom all Becoming of the House of Life, Mistress of the Word of God. She was the Unique. In all Her great and wonderful works She was a wiser magician and more excellent than any other God''. As the deification of the wife of the pharaoh, Isis protected the dead body of the Pharaoh, since this was seen as an intrinsic part of her job as royal protector. Thus she gained a funerary association, and was said to be the mother of the four gods who protected the canopic jars. More specifically, Isis was viewed as protector of the god Imsety. This association with the Pharaoh's wife also brought the idea that Isis was considered the spouse of Horus, who was protector, and later the deification, of the Pharaoh himself. Consequently, on occasion, her mother was said to be that of Horus, namely Hathor In another area of Egypt, when the pantheon was formalised, Isis became one of the Ennead of Heliopolis, as a daughter of Nuit and Geb, and sister to Osiris, Nephthys, and Set (mythology). As a funerary deity, she was associated with Osiris, god of the ''underworld'' (''Aaru''), and thus was considered his wife, wheras Nepthys was the wife of Set. With Nepthys, Isis was often depicted on coffins, with wings outstretched, as protectors against evil. A later legend, ultimately a result of the replacement of another god of the underworld, when the cult of Osiris gained more authority, tells of the birth of Anubis. The tale describes how Nephthys became sexually frustrated with Set, who was gay (and already had a male lover - Shu), and so disguised herself as the much more attractive Isis to try to seduce him, but it didn't work. However, Osiris found her very attractive, as he thought she was Isis, and so they had sexual intercourse together, resulting in the birth of Anubis. In fear of Set's anger, Nephthys persuaded Isis to adopt Anubis, so that Set would not find out. The tale describes both why it is that Anubis is seen as an underworld deity, namely he is a son of Osiris, and how he couldn't inherit Osiris' position, as he was not a Illegitimacy heir, neatly preserving Osiris' position as lord of the underworld. === Assimilation of Hathor === Beliefs about Ra himself had been hovering around the identification of Ra, a sun god, with Horus, another sun god (as the compound ''Ra-Herakhty''), and so for some time, Isis had intermittently been considered the wife of Ra, since she was the wife of Horus. Consequently, since there was not anything logically troubling by identifying Isis as Ra's wife, Hathor unlike identifying Ra as his own son, she and Hathor became considered the same deity, ''Isis-Hathor''. Sometimes the alternative consideration arose, that Isis, in the Ennead, was a child of ''Atum-Ra'', and so should have been a child of Ra's wife, Hathor, although this was less favoured as Isis had enough in common with Hathor to be considered one and the same. It was this merger with Hathor that proved to be the most significant event in the history of Egyptian mythology. By merging with Hathor, Isis became the mother of Horus, rather than his Wife, and thus, when beliefs of Ra absorbed Atum into ''Atum-Ra'', it also had to be taken into account that Isis was one of the Ennead, as the wife of Osiris. However, it had to be explained how Osiris, who as god of the dead, was dead, could be considered a father to Horus who was very much not considered dead. This lead to the evolution of the idea that Osiris needed to be resurrected, and so to the Legend of Osiris and Isis, a myth so significant that everything else paled in comparison. In order to resurrect Osiris for the purpose of having the child Horus, it was necessary for Isis to learn magic, and so it was that Isis tricked Ra (i.e. ''Amun-Ra''/''Atum-Ra'') into telling her his "secret name", by getting a snake to bite and poison him, so that he would use his "secret name" to survive. In consequence, as well as the attributes of motherhood and fertility originating in Hathor, Isis became a goddess of magic. The priestesses of Isis were healers and midwives, and were said to have many special powers, including dream interpretation and the ability to control the weather by braiding or combing their hair, the latter of which was because the ancient Egyptians considered knots to have magical power. Serket became considered an aspect of the more significant goddess Isis, because she was also seen as curer of poisoned scorpion stings (and so a healer, and thus patron also of magicians), and because she was also one of the four goddesses protecting the gods who watched the canopic jars, like Isis, and was also a protector of marriage. Because of the association between knots and magical power, a symbol of Isis was the ''tiet''/''tyet'' (meaning ''welfare''/''life''), also called the ''Knot of Isis'', ''Buckle of Isis'', or the ''Blood of Isis''. The ''tiet'' in many respects resembles an ankh, except that its arms curve down, and in all these cases seems to represent the idea of eternal life/resurrection. The meaning of ''Blood of Isis'' is more obscured, but the ''tyet'' was often used as a funerary amulet made of red wood, stone, or glass, so this may have simply been a description of its appearance. === Assimilation of Mut === After the authority of Thebes had risen, and made Amun into a much more significant god, it later waned, and Amun was assimilated into Ra. In consequence, Amun's consort, Mut, the doting, infertile, and implicitely virginal, mother, who by this point had absorbed other goddesses herself, was assimilated into Ra's wife, Isis-Hathor, as ''Mut-Isis-Nekhbet''. On occasion, Mut's infertility and implicit virginity, was taken into consideration, and so Horus, who was too significant to ignore, had to be explained by saying that Isis became pregnant with magic, when she transformed herself into a kite (bird) and flew over Osiris' dead body. Mut's husband was Amun, who had by this time become identified with Min (god) as ''Amun-Min'' (also known by his epithet - ''Kamutef''). Since Mut had become part of Isis, it was natural to try to make Amun, part of Osiris, the husband of Isis, but this was not easily reconcilable, because Amun-Min was a fertility god and Osiris was the god of the dead. Consequently they remained regarded separately, and Isis was sometimes said to be the lover of Min. Subsequently, as at this stage Amun-Min was considered an aspect of Ra (''Amun-Ra''), he was also considered an aspect of Horus, since Horus was identified as Ra, and thus Isis' son was on rare occasions said to be Min instead, which neatly avoided having confusion over Horus's status as was held at being the husband and son of Isis. The star Spica (sometimes called ''Lute Bearer''), and the constellation which roughly corresponded to the modern Virgo, appeared at a time of year associated with the harvest of wheat and grain, and thus with fertility gods and goddesses. Consequently they were associated with Hathor, and hence with Isis. Isis also assimilated Sopdet, the personification of Sirius, since Sopdet, rising just before the flooding of the Nile, was seen as a bringer of fertility, and so had been identified with Hathor. Sopdet still retained an element of distinct identity, however, as Siruis was quite visibly a star and not living in the underworld. === Depictions === In art, originally Isis was pictured as a woman wearing a headdress in the shape of a throne, sometimes holding a lotus, as a sycamore tree. After her assimilation of Hathor, Isis was often symbolised by a cow, or a cow's head, or, in the most common form, a woman with the horns of a cow on her head, with the sun disc (of Horus) between them. Usually, she was depicted with her son, the great god Horus, with a crown and a vulture, and sometimes as a kite (bird) flying above Osiris's body. In the Book of the Dead Isis was described as ''She who gives birth to heaven and earth, knows the orphan, knows the widow, seeks justice for the poor, and shelter for the weak''. Some of Isis' many other titles were ''Queen of Heaven'', ''Mother of the Gods'', ''The One Who is All'', ''Lady of Green Crops'', ''The Brilliant One in the Sky'', ''Star of the Sea'', ''Great Lady of Magic'', ''Mistress of the House of Life'', ''She Who Knows How To Make Right Use of the Heart'', ''Light-Giver of Heaven'', ''Lady of the Words of Power'', and ''Moon Shining Over the Sea''. In late times, due to her name, and her associations, she was often confused with the unconnected Chaldean mythology goddess Astarte. Also, during the period of Greece dominance, due to her attributes as a protector, and mother, and the lusty aspect originally from Hathor, she was made the patron goddess of sailors. ==Isis outside Egypt== The cult of Isis rose to prominence in the Hellenism world, beginning in the 1st century BC, until it was eventually banned by the Christianity in the 6th century. Despite the Isis mystery religion's growing popularity, there is evidence to suggest that the Isis mysteries were not altogether welcomed by the ruling classes in Rome. Her rites were considered by the princeps Augustus to be "pornographic" and capable of destroying the Roman moral fibre. Tacitus writes that after Julius Caesar's assassination, a temple in honour of Isis had been decreed; Augustus suspended this, and tried to turn Romans back to the Roman gods who were closely associated with the state. Eventually the Roman emperor Gaius abandoned the Augustan wariness towards Oriental cults, and it was in his reign that the Isiac festival was established in Rome. According to Josephus, Gaius himself donned female garb and took part in the mysteries he instituted, and Isis acquired in the Hellenistic age a "new rank as a leading goddess of the Mediterranean world." Roman perspectives on cult were syncretism, seeing in a new deity merely local aspects of a familiar one. For many Romans, Egyptian Isis was an aspect of Phrygian Cybele, whose orgiastic rites were long naturalized at Rome, indeed she was known as ''Isis of Ten Thousand Names''. In the ''Golden Ass'' (1st century), Apuleius' goddess Isis is identified with Cybele: :''Behold, Lucius, I have arrived. Thy weeping and prayers have moved me to succour thee. I am she that is the natural mother of all things, the Mistress and Governess of all the Elements, the initial Progenitrix of all things, the Chief of powers divine, Queen of Heaven, the First of the Gods celestial, the light of the Goddesses. At my will, the planets of the air, the wholesome winds of the Seas, and the silences of hell are disposed; my name, my divinity is adored throughout all the world in various manners, in various customs and in many names, for the Phrygians call me the Mother of the Gods.'' Among these names of Roman Isis, ''Queen of Heaven'' is outstanding for its long and continuous history. Herodotus identified Isis with the Greek mythology and Roman mythology goddesses of agriculture, Demeter and Ceres. In Yorùbá mythology, Isis became Yemaya. In later years, Isis also had temples throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia, and as far away as the British Isles, where there was a temple to Isis on the River Thames by Southwark. Some scholars argue that aspects of Isis worship have influenced the practices of some Christians in regards to the Virgin Mary, and especially her relationship with her son, Horus. There is a strong resemblance to the depiction of the seated Isis holding or suckling the child Horus and the seated Mary and the baby Jesus. It has been suggested by these scholars that the reason Isis worship abruptly ends, despite the vast number of its adherants, is down to her having been identified as Mary, and her temples having been merely renamed in consequence. If this is true then Isis is still worshipped today, and has been for at least 5000 years, and if it is not, then there has still been a recent revival of explicitely Isis based worship, among neopagans and feminists who are attracted by the matriarchal notions of goddess worship. ==External links== ===Ancient worship=== *[http://www.touregypt.net/ISIS.HTM Egypt:Gods - Isis] ===Modern worship=== *[http://www.Fellowshipofisis.com Fellowship of Isis ] *[http://www.goddess2000.org/IsIs.html Altar of Isis, Goddess & Queen] *[http://www.iseum.org.uk/ The Isiaic Religious Society] *[http://www.templeofisis.com/the_great_isis.shtml The Temple of Isis] Agricultural goddesses Egyptian goddesses Fertility goddesses Fictional queens Life-death-rebirth goddesses
Isis
Wikipedia:Missing Wikipedians
Isis
Anyone know why Isis left exactly? For WP:MW.-User:Stevertigo 05:30, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) : Did she leave because she doesn't agree with WP's legal future? From my understanding, she left because she thinks that User:Tarquin insulted her and her ability as a legal worker (re: copyright status of an uploaded image). Subsequently, she attempted to sue Wikipedia for this, but the matter was inconclusive. The attempts to resolve the incident was private, by a couple of representative Wikipedians. Consequently, there was no trial, but no public reconciliation either. : --User:Menchi 05:39, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) :IIRC it started with this diff: [http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk:Juliette_Binoche&diff=634635&oldid=620871]. Tarquin said "Isis' interpretation is mistaken. Photographs are covered by copyright". Isis saw this as a slanderous accusation that Tarquin knew more about law than she. She demanded that Tarquin retract it, and when he didn't, she stated her intention to sue. She was obviously in a litigious mood since her 6 month suspension for bad behaviour had just finished and she was allowed back in the courtroom again. Anyway, the discussion spread to about half a dozen different places: User talk:Tarquin, User talk:Isis, User talk:Jimbo Wales and wikien-l. Tarquin declared that he'd had enough and he was leaving Wikipedia, which prompted an immediate community response now in User talk:Tarquin/Archive 3. Isis left at about the same time, saying that she was going to file a lawsuit shortly thereafter. If the lawsuit ever materialised, I didn't hear anything about it. Tarquin came back after a short time. -- User:Tim Starling 06:14, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) :I understood User:Eloquence mentionned once to me that Isis admin status was not volontarily removed. ? :Suing just because someone implied he knew law better than her ? My... :what do you mean 6 months suspension ? on wikipedia or in real life ? User:Anthere :: As a lawyer in real life. --User:Menchi 06:33, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) ::::I'd better get my facts straight, hadn't I? I don't want to get sued as well. I seem to remember there being a suspension that ran out a couple of months before the event in question, but I can't find it at the moment. There was [http://www.cjnj.org/html/sanctions/166NA558.pdf this] one year suspension, [http://courts.state.de.us/supreme/ordsops/178-2000.pdf this] three year suspension, [http://www.courts.state.md.us/attygrievance/sanctions01.html this] reciprocal action, [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/delawarestatecases/391-1998a.doc this] one year suspension... Nope, can't find it. -- User:Tim Starling 07:01, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) :::Oh. Well...I read the archive at Tarquin. I remember part of the story for what I read on the ML. Then left for holidays, and never really understood what really happened in the end. I think that if a contributor was legally threatened by another contributor, that is something that should be mentionned in the history of Wikipedia. It certainly could happen again. But not if it pains Tarquin. I am glad he came back :-) User:Anthere :I was also interested in looking over this incident in Wikipedia's history. However, perhaps someone should look through these "deleted" materials before publishing them again publicly or summarizing them to make sure there is no defamation or personality/privacy rights violations. While any disciplinary decisions that are published are part of the public record commenting on them may require tack and deference to the unreolved nature of allegations (i.e. wait until any claims have been permanently extinguished before writing the history on them). User:Alex756 10:08, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) :: Guys, if you think it's useful to document the whole sorry affair, then go ahead. As far as I am concerned, the matter is ancient history. -- User:Tarquin 10:15, 14 Sep 2003 (UTC) :::Ok, I guess I'll close the thread I started-- thanks Tarquin, and Alex, well be looking fo'wad t'yer brief on the matter ;). -User:Stevertigo 17:40, Sep 14, 2003 (UTC) ps.I wouldnt be too worried about defamation suit, just simply for archiving the legal argument --keeping any speculation about "reasons for leaving" separate.-SV == If you ever return... == Hi, I've started the User:rambot#Free the Rambot Articles Project which has the goals of getting users to Wikipedia:Multi-licensing all of their contributions that they've made to... #...all U.S. state, county, and city articles... #...all articles... using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (''CC-by-sa'') version 1.0 and 2.0 Creative Commons Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The ''CC-by-sa'' license is a true free documentation license that is similar to the GFDL (which every contribution made to Wikipedia is licensed under), but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles (See the Wikipedia:Multi-licensing for more information). Since you are among the Wikipedia:List_of_Wikipedians_by_number_of_edits Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at ''minimum'' those on the geographic articles. So far over 90% of people who have responded have done this. :Nutshell: Wikipedia articles can be shared with any other GFDL project but open/free projects using the incompatible Creative Commons Licenses (e.g. WikiTravel) can't use our stuff and we can't use theirs. It is important to us that other free projects can use our stuff. So we use their licenses too. To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the
Isis
I thought turning this into a disambiguation page made sense. Comments?User:Andylehrer 04:34, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
I
IA | IB | IC | ID | IE | IF | IG | IH | IJ | IK | IL | IM | IN | IO | IP | IR | IS | IT | IU | IW | IX | IY | IZ |Words begining with Isis:
ISIS
Isis
Isis
Isis
Isis
ISIS-I
Isisford
Isisford,_Queensland
Isistius_brasiliensis
Isis_(band)
Isis_(crater)
Isis_(disambiguation)
Isis_(goddess)
Isis_(Lunar_crater)
Isis_(Stargate)
Isis_(Stargate-SG-1)
Isis_and_Osiris
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ISIS_magazine
Isis_Megazord
Isis_Unveiled
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