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Irritable Bowel Syndrome#REDIRECT Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndromeIn medicine (gastroenterology), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or spastic colon is a group of functional bowel disorders which are fairly common and make up 20–50% of visits to gastroenterologists. There are three forms, dependant on which symptom predominates: ''diarrhea-predominant'' (IBS-D), ''constipation-predominant'' (IBS-C) and IBS with alternating stool pattern (IBS-A). ==Features== ''Symptoms'' of IBS are abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits in the absence of any structural abnormality. Colonic hypersensitivity is a sensitive but less specific ''sign'' of IBS. The pain is typically relieved by defecating. There appears to be an overlap of IBS with stress (medicine), chronic pelvic pain, fibromyalgia and various mental disorders (in a small minority). While no good explanation for this phenomenon exists, it does strengthen the view that there is a neurology component to IBS. ==Diagnosis== ===Diagnostic criteria=== According to the Rome II consensus conference of the American Gastroenterological Association and international medical societies on functional bowel disorders, the diagnosis of IBS can be made when the following criteria are fulfilled: At least 12 weeks, which need not be consecutive, in the preceding 12 months of abdominal discomfort or pain that has 2 of 3 features: #Relieved with defecation; and/or #Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool; and/or #Onset associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool. Symptoms that cumulatively support the diagnosis of IBS *Abnormal stool frequency (for research purposes, “abnormal” may be defined as greater than 3 bowel movements per day and less than 3 bowel movements per week); *Abnormal stool form (lumpy/hard or loose/watery stool); *Abnormal stool passage (straining, urgency, or feeling of incomplete evacuation); *Passage of mucus; *Bloating or feeling of abdominal distention. ===Differential diagnosis=== The diagnosis of a functional bowel disorder always presumes the absence of a structural or biochemical explanation for the symptoms. This has to be excluded carefully via: *colonoscopy *esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) *abdominal medical ultrasonography *blood tests: full blood count, liver enzymes, electrolytes, renal function *stool chemistry (e.g. tests for exocrine pancreas insufficiency and other malabsorption conditions), stool microbiology, fecal fat *hydrogen-tests for lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption *blood tests or deep duodenal biopsy for celiac disease ===Diagnostic tests=== A diagnostic test for IBS via assessment of colonic/rectal hypersensitivity using a barostat is currently being discussed. However, sensitivity (tests) and specificity are not yet high enough to render the method widely applicable. ==Pathophysiology== IBS is highly prevalent in the Western world, but despite the advancement of many theories, no clear cause has yet been established. Hypersensitivity of the gut is a major finding in most IBS patients. The association of IBS with stress is less clear, but studies have shown that there may be a correlation between IBS and prior sexual or physical abuse. Changes in colonic motility and immunologic causes have been discussed, as well as dietary causes. About 25% of patients develop symptoms after an episode of enteritis (partially after use of antibiotics). In these cases, a prolonged immune reaction is currently discussed as pathogenetic. So far, this is mainly based on experiments in the animal model. IBS is widely regarded as a conglomeration of disorders with similar symptoms but a different etiology ("''trash can''"). As with many other medical conditions, there is a lot of speculation about causes, including in the field of alternative medicine. ==Treatment== The most important therapeutic measure is reassuring the patient that he has no fatal or otherwise threatening disease, as this is the major concern of patients seeking medical help. Dependent on symptoms, treatment can consist of dietary advice, stool softeners and laxatives in constipation-predominant, and antidiarrheals (loperamide) in diarrhea-predominant IBS. The use of antispasmodic drugs (e.g. anticholinergics such as hyoscine) is not encouraged as the therapeutic benefit over placebo is hardly proven. Newer drugs include alosetron and tegaserod, both of which are heavily advertised but appear to have only a limited effect with the risk of side-effects. As there appears to be a psychological component to IBS, psychotherapy is occasionally advised. Though not specifically indicated for IBS, the use of antidepressant drugs (e.g. amitriptyline in a low dosage or an Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) to treat the symptoms is common and has positive effects for some patients. ==Diet== There are a number of diet changes a person with IBS can make to relieve stress on the intestines to lessen pain, discomfort and attacks. Common recommendations usually include having soluble fibre, soy products, fresh fruit and vegetables, and eating regular small amounts should lessen the symptoms of IBS. Food and beverages to be avoided or minimised include red meat, oily or fatty (and fried) products, dairy (especially when lactose intolerance is suspected), solid chocolate, coffee (regular and decaffeinated), alcoholic beverage, carbonated beverages (especialy those also containing sorbitol) and artificial sweeteners (Van Vorous 2000). Some are more difficult to digest, while others increase colonic contractions, which may be painful. ==Epidemiology== Point prevalence is 10 - 20% of the general population of Western countries with a much higher lifetime prevalence. Prevalence is similar in India, Japan and China. IBS is less common in Thailand and rural South African areas. In Western countries, but not in India or Sri Lanka, females have a greater risk to develop IBS. Of the persons who have symptoms of IBS, only a proportion seeks medical help. However, there is not yet a predictor known for who will seek medical help and who will not. ==Prognosis== IBS is not fatal nor is linked to the development of other serious bowel diseases. However, due to the chronic pain, discomfort and other symptoms, work absenteeism, social phobias and other negative quality-of-life effects can be common in more serious cases. Individuals lucky enough to find a successful treatment for their symptoms can lead normal lives. ==Reference== * Thompson WG, Longstreth GL, Drossman DA et al. (2000). Functional Bowel Disorders. In: Drossman DA, Corazziari E, Talley NJ et al. (eds.), ''Rome II: The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Treatment. A Multinational Consensus.'' Lawrence, KS: Allen Press. * Heather Van Vorous. ''Eating for IBS''. 2000. ISBN: 1569246009. Gastroenterology General practice Ailments of unknown etiology Irritable bowel syndromeUm, this page is a direct lift of the first paragraph of the first link provided. User:Koyaanis Qatsi 02:13, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC) Well that sucks. I'll pop in a quick fix. Sorry if I screw it up. User:H2O 03:04, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC) I am not a doctor - though I play one on TV. User:H2O 03:38, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC) The trash can comment was made by my own physician, who shall remain nameless. User:H2O 03:25, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC) Yes, but do you want to qoute every board-certified gastroenterologist on this whole planet? Yes, but do you want to qoute every board-certified gastroenterologist on this whole planet? --User:Dbach 09:39, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC) *No, just this one for now, User:H2O 11:58, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC) Sorry H2O I had to rmv your celiac disease remark but it is not true that "many" patients with ibs suffer from celiac disease. Even from the patients having both malabsorption conditions, only a very small proportion actually has celiac disease. User:Dbach 09:13, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC) *According to the NIH, one in 133 Americans (about 3,000,000) may suffer from celiac disease. It is much more common than was originally thought, and many sufferers do not display all the classic symptoms. [http://www.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/conditions/07/01/celiac.disease.ap/] An NIH panel has recommended that the NIH undertake a massive education campaign to educate doctors about new blood tests that are available. There are people who are misdiagnosed with IBS who do not have IBS, but instead who have celiac disease. The statement in the article did NOT say people with IBS had celiac, but that many people with IBS "symptoms" had celiac instead. I will rewrite the statement, but people need to know about the possibility. User:H2O 20:00, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC) *I am sure you know a lot about medicine. But I have to state that: people with "IBS symptoms" can suffer of ''anything'' because IBS symptoms can be similar to symptoms of colon cancer, exocrine pancreas insufficiency, and many other diseases. That is why you have to exclude them all, and not only celiac disease. (see paragraph rome ii criteria). Yes, there is a discussion about the prevalence of celiac disease but I would rather mention that on the celiac disease page. The only diseases really common among patients with IBS symptoms is lactose and fructose malabsorption. Among us: The main symptom of IBS is that patients are always worried they have a malign disease and the majority has not. I will put this into the rome II and differential diagnosis paragraph. User:Dbach 09:47, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC) *By the way: if you read the articel carefully you will notice that the expert panel does not propose that patients with IBS symptoms are underdiagnosed but that the ones with unspecific general symptoms should be tested more carefully - and especially relatives of patients with autoimmune or probably autoimmune (DM I) diseases. IMO that has nothing to do with IBS. It should be incorporated into celiac disease. User:Dbach 09:57, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC) *I don't claim to know as much as you doctors. I don't have the training or the experience. I guess I am fine with the way you have reworded this. The possibility of celiac disease does need to be mentioned in the article. It is a travesty that it takes on average 11 YEARS for a celiac patient to be diagnosed. I am personally very frustrated with physicians right now as I have been suffering continuously with abdominal pain for over a year and a half and no one knows why. '''If you were in continual pain you'd wonder too if you had some awful disease.''' My approach to these articles is to try to provide as much information as possible that might help someone from needlessly suffering. You physicians can really help by making sure that the information is accurate, but let's not take a gatekeeper approach. User:H2O 19:15, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC) *It would be a good idea to mention Celiac's Disease in this article. I can tell you I have a friend who was diagnosed with IBS and suffered with it for 10 years until I finally convinced him to get a test for Celiac's disease and he came out positive. Any patient who is experencing IBS should have a colonoscopy (to rule out anything serious) and be tested for Celiac's Disease, especially if they are of Italian or Irish Heritage. I too was mis-diagnosed with IBS, when my problem turned out to be multiple food allergies (although mine are so rare, they are not worth mentioning). To add a blurb about Celiac's Disease is worth it if it saves just one person from suffering and dealing with a mis-diagnosis. Also, the study that was mentioned in the CNN article above stated that people without symptoms had a 1 in 133 chance, this is incorrect. According the the study, 1 in 133 people without any IBS like symptoms had Celiac's Disease. Of the 3236 patients studied that had IBS like symptoms 1 in 56 had Celiac's Disease. Here is the actual pub-med link [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12578508] 22:07, 4 Jan 2005 Special:Contributions&target=140.251.31.53 (signature reconsctructed by User:Dbach 19:59, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)) == save just 1 patient == if you wish to mention everything that could save just 1 patient from being misdiagnosed as IBS, this is going to be a rather long article. it will have to include all gastroenteroloy pages and a lot of other internal medicine pages, too. this will be a really encyclopedic article :) User:Dbach 19:46, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC) == IBS Community == *[http://www.ibsgroup.org/ IBS Self Help and Support Group] *[http://www.ibsnetwork.org.uk/ IBS Self Help and Support Group UK] *[http://www.ibstales.com/ IBS personal stories] ::Death to the external links User:Jfdwolff | User_talk:Jfdwolff 00:19, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC) == Treatment Advice == Including more soluble fiber ("white carbs", such as potatoes, pasta, rice, and white bread) in the diet is a non-pharmacological approach that has been known to provide some relief for many suffering from diarrhea-predominant and abdominal pain-predominant IBS, and possibly the other forms as well. == NPOV ? == This article, as most of the medecine part, are highly technical and thus lack NPOV, to me. Let me explain what I mean: When I see "Of the persons who have symptoms of IBS, only a proportion seeks medical help. However, there is not yet a predictor known for who will seek medical help and who will not.", i'm inclined to believe this has been written by a western medecine doctor or an affiliate thereof, as western medecine is *not* an answer to each and every problem. Another example is this one: " Psychotherapy is another treatment option, however many patients refuse to undertake this. Though not specifically indicated for IBS, the use of antidepressant drugs (e.g. amitriptyline in a low dosage or an SSRI) to treat the symptoms is common and has positive effects for some patients." Use of anti-depresant to treat what has not been proven to have psychological origin? And besides, psychotherapy might be an option to some, but this word has religious sounding to me, or at least western culture ideology of "everyone's well being through psychotherapy", which is more of a motto than a reality to me. Well, I happen to be constipated right now, but does it prove a point? Apart from that, i'm fine really, no irritation of any kind. ;) :Listen now, some of the language is slightly biased but you can easily correct it yourself. Your rant about Western medicine is a bit odd. You'd expect this about a disease that is highly prevalent in Western countries. You may include alternative viewpoints in the appropriate sections. :Fact is that IBS is poorly understood, and that a neuropsychological mechanism may jolly well play a role. Many IBS patients ''do'' derive benefit from SSRIs and tricyclics, but then many neurotransmitters also interfere with bowel motility (especially serotonin!) As stress is simply more prevalent in IBS patients, psychotherapy sounds reasonable (and works in many). Just because it sounds implausible to you does not mean it has no veracity. :I will have a little stab at the biased language, but I am also removing the NPOV tag, because nobody is conciously being biased here. User:Jfdwolff | User_talk:Jfdwolff 15:20, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC) See other meanings of words starting from letter: IIA | IB | IC | ID | IE | IF | IG | IH | IJ | IK | IL | IM | IN | IO | IP | IR | IS | IT | IU | IW | IX | IY | IZ |Words begining with Irritable_bowel_syndrome: Irritable_Bowel_Syndrome Irritable_bowel_syndrome Irritable_bowel_syndrome |
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