
{| border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:0.5em" | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" | colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" | {| align="center" border="0" | colspan="2" align="center" | tellurium – iodine – xenon |- | rowspan="3" valign="center" | Bromine
I
Astatine
|- | align="center" | |} |- ! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#ffff19" | General |- | List of elements by name, List of elements by symbol, List of elements by number | iodine, I, 53 |- | periodic table series | halogens |- | periodic table group, periodic table period, periodic table block | group 17 element, period 5 element, p-block |- | Density, Mohs hardness scale | 4940 kilogram per cubic metre, no data |- | color | align="center" | violet-dark grey,
lustrous
|- ! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Atomic properties |- | Atomic weight | 126.90447 gram/mole (unit) |- | Atomic radius (calc.) | 140 (115) picometre |- | Covalent radius | 133 pm |- | van der Waals radius | 198 pm |- | Electron configuration |[ krypton] 4d-block10 5s-block2 5p5
|-
| electron 's per energy level
| 2, 8, 18, 18, 7
|-
| Oxidation states (Oxide)
| ±1,5,7 (strong acid)
|-
| Crystal structure
| Orthorhombic
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Physical properties
|-
| State of matter
| solid (magnetism)
|-
| Melting point
| 386.85 Kelvin (236.66 °Fahrenheit)
|-
| Boiling point
| 457.4 K (363.7 °F)
|-
| Molar volume
| 25.72 cubic metre per mole
|-
| Heat of vaporization
| 20.752 kilojoule per mole
|-
| Heat of fusion
| 7.824 kJ/mol
|-
| Vapor pressure
| __ Pascal at __ K
|-
| Speed of sound
| __ metre per second at __ K
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Miscellaneous
|-
| Electronegativity
| 2.66 (Pauling scale)
|-
| Specific heat capacity
| 145 joule per kilogram-kelvin
|-
| Electrical conductivity
| 80 siemens (unit)/m
|-
| Thermal conductivity
| 0.449 watt per metre-kelvin
|-
| 1st ionization potential
| 1008.4 kJ/mol
|-
| 2nd ionization potential
| 1845.9 kJ/mol
|-
| 3rd ionization potential
| 3180 kJ/mol
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Most stable isotopes
|-
| colspan="2" |
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%"
! Isotope
! natural abundance
! half-life
(not SI) ! decay mode ! decay energy megaelectron volt
(not SI) ! decay product |- | 127I | 100% | colspan="4" | I is stable isotope with 74 neutrons |- | 129I | synthetic radioisotope | 1.57E7year | beta emission | 0.194 | xenon |- | 131I | {syn.} | 8.02070 day | beta emission | 0.971 | xenon |} |- ! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | SI units & standard temperature and pressure are used except where noted. |} |} Iodine (from the Gr. ''Iodes'', meaning "violet"), is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. This is an insoluble element that is required as a trace element for living organisms. Chemically, iodine is the least reactive of the halogens, and the most electropositive metallic halogen. Iodine is primarily used in medicine, photography and in dyes. == Notable characteristics == Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid that sublimation (chemistry)s at standard temperatures into a blue-violet gas that has an irritating odor. This halogen also forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other member of its series and has some metallic-like properties. Iodine dissolves easily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions (It is only slightly solubility in water). The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element. == Applications == In areas where there is little iodine in the diet—typically remote inland areas where no marine foods are eaten—iodine deficiency gives rise to goitre, so called endemic goitre. In many (but not all) such areas, this is now prevented by the addition of small amounts of iodine to table salt in form of sodium iodide, potassium iodide, potassium iodate—this product is known as ''iodized salt''. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of mental retardation. Other uses: *One of the halogens, it is an essential trace element; the thyroid hormones, ''thyroxine'' and ''triiodotyronine'' contain iodine. *Tincture of iodine (3% elemental iodine in water/ethanol base) is an essential component of any emergency survival kit, used both to disinfect wounds and to sanitize surface water for drinking (3 drops per liter, let stand for 30 minutes) *Iodine compounds are important in the field of organic chemistry and are very useful in medicine. *Iodides and thyroxine which contains iodine, are both used in internal medicine and, in combination with alcohol (as tincture of iodine) are used externally to disinfect wounds *Silver iodide is used in photography *Potassium iodide (KI) tablets can be given to people in a nuclear disaster area. KI prevents the body from absorbing the radioactive iodine produced at the disaster area. *Tungsten iodide is used to stabilize the filaments in light bulbs *Nitrogen triiodide is an explosive, too unstable to be used commercially, but is commonly used in college pranks *Iodine-131 is used as a tracer in medicine == History == Iodine (Greek language ''iodes'' meaning violet) was discovered by Barnard Courtois in 1811. He was the son of a manufacturer of saltpeter (potassium nitrate, a vital part of gunpowder). At the time France was at war and gunpowder was in great demand. Saltpeter was isolated from seaweed washed up on the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. To isolate the potassium nitrate, seaweed was burned and the ash then washed with water. The remaining waste was destroyed by adding sulfuric acid. One day Curtois added too much sulfuric acid and cloud of purple vapor rose. Curtois noted that the vapor crystallized on cold surfaces making dark crystals. Curtois suspected that this was a new element but lacked the money to pursue his observations. However he gave samples to his friends, Charles Bernard Desormes (1777-1862) and Nicolas Clément (1779-1841) to continue research. He also gave some of the substance to Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850), a well-known chemist at that time, and to André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836). On November 29 1813 Dersormes and Clément made public Curtois’ discovery. They described the substance to a meeting of the Imperial Institute of France. On December 6 Gay-Lussac announced that the new substance was either an element or a compound of oxygen. Ampère had given some of his sample to Humphry Davy (1778-1829). Davy did some experiments on the substance and noted its similarity to chlorine. Davy sent a letter dated December 10 to the Royal Society of London stating that he had identified a new element. A large argument erupted between Davy and Gay-Lussac over who identified iodine first but both scientists acknowledged Bernard Curtois as the first to isolate the element. == Occurrence == Iodine can be prepared in an ultrapure form through the reaction of potassium iodide with copper (II) sulfate. There are also several other methods of isolating this element. == Isotopes == There are thirty isotopes of iodine and only one, I-127, is stable. The artificial radioisotope I-131 (a beta emitter), also known as radioiodine which has a half-life of 8 days, has been used in treating cancer and other pathologies of the thyroid glands. The most common compounds of iodine are the iodides of sodium and potassium (potassium iodide) and the iodates (KIO3). I-129 (half-life 15.7 million years) is a product of xenon-129 spallation in the Earth's atmosphere and uranium and plutonium fission, both in subsurface rocks and nuclear reactors. Nuclear processes, in particular nuclear fuel reprocessing and atmospheric nuclear weapons tests have now swamped the natural signal for this isotope. I-129 was used in rainwater studies following the Chernobyl accident. It also has been used as a ground-water tracer and as an indicator of nuclear waste dispersion into the natural environment. In many ways, I-129 is similar to chlorine-36. It is a soluble halogen, fairly non-reactive, exists mainly as a non-sorbing anion, and is produced by cosmogenic, thermonuclear, and in-situ reactions. In hydrologic studies, I-129 concentrations are usually reported as the ratio of I-129 to total I (which is virtually all I-127). As is the case with Cl-36/Cl, I-129/I ratios in nature are quite small, 10-14 to 10-10 (peak thermonuclear I-129/I during the 1960s and 1970s reached about 10-7). I-129 differs from Cl-36 in that its half-life is longer (15.7 vs. 0.3 million years), it is highly biophilic, and occurs in multiple ionic forms (commonly, I- and iodate) which have different chemical behaviors. This makes it fairly easy for I-129 to enter the biosphere as it becomes incorporated into vegetation, soil, milk, animal tissue, etc. Excesses of Xe-129 in meteorites have been shown to result from decay of I-129. This was the first extinct radionuclide to be identified as present in the early solar system. Its decay is the basis of the I-Xe radiometric dating scheme, which covers the first 50 million years of solar system evolution. == Precautions == Direct contact with skin can cause lesions so care needs to be taken in handling iodine. Iodine vapor is very irritating to eyes and mucous membranes. The maximum allowable concentration of iodine in air should not exceed 1 milligram/cubic metre (8-hour time-weighted average). ==References== *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/53.html Los Alamos National Laboratory - Iodine] == External links == *[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/I/index.html WebElements.com - Iodine] *[http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/I.html EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Iodine] *[http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/I.html ChemicalElements.com - Iodine] == See Also == * Iodized salt Halogens Antiseptics lv:Jods
Article changed over to new WikiProject Elements format by user:maveric149 === Information Sources === Some of the text in this entry was rewritten from [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/53.html Los Alamos National Laboratory - Iodine]. Additional text was taken directly from [http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/i_iig.html USGS Periodic Table - Iodine], from the Elements database 20001107 (via [http://www.dict.org dict.org]), Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (via [http://www.dict.org dict.org]) and WordNet (r) 1.7 (via [http://www.dict.org dict.org]). Data for the table was obtained from the sources listed on the main page and WikiProject Elements but was reformatted and converted into SI units. ------ === Talk === It is a well known fact that iodine sublimes, but is it actually true? Sublimation is the transformation of a solid to gas without melting. Since Iodine has a melting point well below its boiling point it seems very strange that it would undergo sublimation. Apparantly people seem to think that iodine sublimes because when they look at the solid they can see vapor rising up from it, which is only normal, since every solid, or liquid for that matter, is always in equilibrium with its own vapor. Since iodine has a visible vapor people mistake it for the process of sublimation. ---- Why was the added history information labeled as vandalism? :Because the added information had nothing to do with Iodine and had a sentence fragment at the end. :User:Darrien 01:29, 2004 May 13 (UTC) :: Good point. =P. it's all better now though. is it satisfactory? :::Yes. :::P.S. I suggest that you sign your posts with "~~~~ ".
:::User:Darrien 12:17, 2004 May 13 (UTC)
The page appears all weird with Mozilla Firefox, the margin text box runs together with the main page.
----
The history section mentions treating seaweed ash with hydrochloric acid and then in the next sentence replaces it with sulfuric acid. Apparently one is wrong, but I don't know which one is correct. Anyone able to fix this up? --User:66.188.84.209 07:56, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Iodine
==Welcome== Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I noticed you had a blank talk page, so I decided to welcome you. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. *Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers *Wikipedia:How to edit a page *Wikipedia:Tutorial *Wikipedia:Picture tutorial *Wikipedia:How to write a great article *Wikipedia:Naming conventions *Wikipedia:Manual of Style *Wikipedia:Help *Wikipedia:village pump *Wikipedia:help desk *Wikipedia:Wikiquette Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this~~~ , and your name with a time stamp with four like this ~~~~ . User:Howabout1 15:39, 1 May 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Iodine:
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine-131
Iodine_compounds
Iodine_cyanide
Iodine_Deficiency
Iodine_deficiency
Iodine_Gibralter
Iodine_number
Iodine_test
Iodine
{| border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:0.5em" | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" | colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" | {| align="center" border="0" | colspan="2" align="center" | tellurium – iodine – xenon |- | rowspan="3" valign="center" | Bromine
I
Astatine
|- | align="center" | |} |- ! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#ffff19" | General |- | List of elements by name, List of elements by symbol, List of elements by number | iodine, I, 53 |- | periodic table series | halogens |- | periodic table group, periodic table period, periodic table block | group 17 element, period 5 element, p-block |- | Density, Mohs hardness scale | 4940 kilogram per cubic metre, no data |- | color | align="center" | violet-dark grey,
lustrous
|- ! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | Atomic properties |- | Atomic weight | 126.90447 gram/mole (unit) |- | Atomic radius (calc.) | 140 (115) picometre |- | Covalent radius | 133 pm |- | van der Waals radius | 198 pm |- | Electron configuration |
(not SI) ! decay mode ! decay energy megaelectron volt
(not SI) ! decay product |- | 127I | 100% | colspan="4" | I is stable isotope with 74 neutrons |- | 129I | synthetic radioisotope | 1.57E7year | beta emission | 0.194 | xenon |- | 131I | {syn.} | 8.02070 day | beta emission | 0.971 | xenon |} |- ! colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" | SI units & standard temperature and pressure are used except where noted. |} |} Iodine (from the Gr. ''Iodes'', meaning "violet"), is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. This is an insoluble element that is required as a trace element for living organisms. Chemically, iodine is the least reactive of the halogens, and the most electropositive metallic halogen. Iodine is primarily used in medicine, photography and in dyes. == Notable characteristics == Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid that sublimation (chemistry)s at standard temperatures into a blue-violet gas that has an irritating odor. This halogen also forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other member of its series and has some metallic-like properties. Iodine dissolves easily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form purple solutions (It is only slightly solubility in water). The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element. == Applications == In areas where there is little iodine in the diet—typically remote inland areas where no marine foods are eaten—iodine deficiency gives rise to goitre, so called endemic goitre. In many (but not all) such areas, this is now prevented by the addition of small amounts of iodine to table salt in form of sodium iodide, potassium iodide, potassium iodate—this product is known as ''iodized salt''. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of mental retardation. Other uses: *One of the halogens, it is an essential trace element; the thyroid hormones, ''thyroxine'' and ''triiodotyronine'' contain iodine. *Tincture of iodine (3% elemental iodine in water/ethanol base) is an essential component of any emergency survival kit, used both to disinfect wounds and to sanitize surface water for drinking (3 drops per liter, let stand for 30 minutes) *Iodine compounds are important in the field of organic chemistry and are very useful in medicine. *Iodides and thyroxine which contains iodine, are both used in internal medicine and, in combination with alcohol (as tincture of iodine) are used externally to disinfect wounds *Silver iodide is used in photography *Potassium iodide (KI) tablets can be given to people in a nuclear disaster area. KI prevents the body from absorbing the radioactive iodine produced at the disaster area. *Tungsten iodide is used to stabilize the filaments in light bulbs *Nitrogen triiodide is an explosive, too unstable to be used commercially, but is commonly used in college pranks *Iodine-131 is used as a tracer in medicine == History == Iodine (Greek language ''iodes'' meaning violet) was discovered by Barnard Courtois in 1811. He was the son of a manufacturer of saltpeter (potassium nitrate, a vital part of gunpowder). At the time France was at war and gunpowder was in great demand. Saltpeter was isolated from seaweed washed up on the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. To isolate the potassium nitrate, seaweed was burned and the ash then washed with water. The remaining waste was destroyed by adding sulfuric acid. One day Curtois added too much sulfuric acid and cloud of purple vapor rose. Curtois noted that the vapor crystallized on cold surfaces making dark crystals. Curtois suspected that this was a new element but lacked the money to pursue his observations. However he gave samples to his friends, Charles Bernard Desormes (1777-1862) and Nicolas Clément (1779-1841) to continue research. He also gave some of the substance to Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850), a well-known chemist at that time, and to André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836). On November 29 1813 Dersormes and Clément made public Curtois’ discovery. They described the substance to a meeting of the Imperial Institute of France. On December 6 Gay-Lussac announced that the new substance was either an element or a compound of oxygen. Ampère had given some of his sample to Humphry Davy (1778-1829). Davy did some experiments on the substance and noted its similarity to chlorine. Davy sent a letter dated December 10 to the Royal Society of London stating that he had identified a new element. A large argument erupted between Davy and Gay-Lussac over who identified iodine first but both scientists acknowledged Bernard Curtois as the first to isolate the element. == Occurrence == Iodine can be prepared in an ultrapure form through the reaction of potassium iodide with copper (II) sulfate. There are also several other methods of isolating this element. == Isotopes == There are thirty isotopes of iodine and only one, I-127, is stable. The artificial radioisotope I-131 (a beta emitter), also known as radioiodine which has a half-life of 8 days, has been used in treating cancer and other pathologies of the thyroid glands. The most common compounds of iodine are the iodides of sodium and potassium (potassium iodide) and the iodates (KIO3). I-129 (half-life 15.7 million years) is a product of xenon-129 spallation in the Earth's atmosphere and uranium and plutonium fission, both in subsurface rocks and nuclear reactors. Nuclear processes, in particular nuclear fuel reprocessing and atmospheric nuclear weapons tests have now swamped the natural signal for this isotope. I-129 was used in rainwater studies following the Chernobyl accident. It also has been used as a ground-water tracer and as an indicator of nuclear waste dispersion into the natural environment. In many ways, I-129 is similar to chlorine-36. It is a soluble halogen, fairly non-reactive, exists mainly as a non-sorbing anion, and is produced by cosmogenic, thermonuclear, and in-situ reactions. In hydrologic studies, I-129 concentrations are usually reported as the ratio of I-129 to total I (which is virtually all I-127). As is the case with Cl-36/Cl, I-129/I ratios in nature are quite small, 10-14 to 10-10 (peak thermonuclear I-129/I during the 1960s and 1970s reached about 10-7). I-129 differs from Cl-36 in that its half-life is longer (15.7 vs. 0.3 million years), it is highly biophilic, and occurs in multiple ionic forms (commonly, I- and iodate) which have different chemical behaviors. This makes it fairly easy for I-129 to enter the biosphere as it becomes incorporated into vegetation, soil, milk, animal tissue, etc. Excesses of Xe-129 in meteorites have been shown to result from decay of I-129. This was the first extinct radionuclide to be identified as present in the early solar system. Its decay is the basis of the I-Xe radiometric dating scheme, which covers the first 50 million years of solar system evolution. == Precautions == Direct contact with skin can cause lesions so care needs to be taken in handling iodine. Iodine vapor is very irritating to eyes and mucous membranes. The maximum allowable concentration of iodine in air should not exceed 1 milligram/cubic metre (8-hour time-weighted average). ==References== *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/53.html Los Alamos National Laboratory - Iodine] == External links == *[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/I/index.html WebElements.com - Iodine] *[http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/I.html EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Iodine] *[http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/I.html ChemicalElements.com - Iodine] == See Also == * Iodized salt Halogens Antiseptics lv:Jods
Iodine
Article changed over to new WikiProject Elements format by user:maveric149 === Information Sources === Some of the text in this entry was rewritten from [http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/53.html Los Alamos National Laboratory - Iodine]. Additional text was taken directly from [http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/i_iig.html USGS Periodic Table - Iodine], from the Elements database 20001107 (via [http://www.dict.org dict.org]), Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (via [http://www.dict.org dict.org]) and WordNet (r) 1.7 (via [http://www.dict.org dict.org]). Data for the table was obtained from the sources listed on the main page and WikiProject Elements but was reformatted and converted into SI units. ------ === Talk === It is a well known fact that iodine sublimes, but is it actually true? Sublimation is the transformation of a solid to gas without melting. Since Iodine has a melting point well below its boiling point it seems very strange that it would undergo sublimation. Apparantly people seem to think that iodine sublimes because when they look at the solid they can see vapor rising up from it, which is only normal, since every solid, or liquid for that matter, is always in equilibrium with its own vapor. Since iodine has a visible vapor people mistake it for the process of sublimation. ---- Why was the added history information labeled as vandalism? :Because the added information had nothing to do with Iodine and had a sentence fragment at the end. :User:Darrien 01:29, 2004 May 13 (UTC) :: Good point. =P. it's all better now though. is it satisfactory? :::Yes. :::P.S. I suggest that you sign your posts with "
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine
==Welcome== Hi and welcome to wikipedia. I noticed you had a blank talk page, so I decided to welcome you. I hope you like it and decide to stay. Here are some handy links for newcomers. *Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers *Wikipedia:How to edit a page *Wikipedia:Tutorial *Wikipedia:Picture tutorial *Wikipedia:How to write a great article *Wikipedia:Naming conventions *Wikipedia:Manual of Style *Wikipedia:Help *Wikipedia:village pump *Wikipedia:help desk *Wikipedia:Wikiquette Also you can sign your name on talk pages and vote pages with three tildes like this
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
I
IA | IB | IC | ID | IE | IF | IG | IH | IJ | IK | IL | IM | IN | IO | IP | IR | IS | IT | IU | IW | IX | IY | IZ |Words begining with Iodine:
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine-131
Iodine_compounds
Iodine_cyanide
Iodine_Deficiency
Iodine_deficiency
Iodine_Gibralter
Iodine_number
Iodine_test
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