Intonation is the ''variation'' of tone used when speaking. Intonation and Vocal stress are two main elements of (linguistic) prosody. Many languages use pitch (music) Syntax, for instance to convey surprise and irony or to change a statement to a question. Such languages are called intonation languages. English language is a well-known example. Some languages use intonation to convey meaning. Languages in which the syllables are contrasted by pitch are known as tonal languages. Thai language is an example. An intermediate position is occupied by languages with tonal word accent, for instance Norwegian language. ''Rising intonation'' means the pitch of the voice goes up; ''falling intonation'' means that the pitch goes down. The classic example of intonation in an intonation language is the question/statement distinction. For example, northeastern American English language has a rising intonation for echo or declarative questions (''He found it on the street?''), and a falling intonation for ''wh-'' questions and statements. Yes/no questions often have a rising end, but not always. The Chickasaw language has the opposite pattern, rising for statements and falling with questions. Dialects of British and Irish English vary substantially (Grabe 2004,[http://kochanski.org/gpk/papers/2004/200405ASA/]), with rises on many statements in urban Belfast, and falls on most questions in urban Leeds. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, these are marked with and : ''He found it on the street?'' , ''Yes, he found it on the street.'' ---- In music, the word intonation is a synonym for tuning and systems of musical tuning. If musicians have "bad intonation", it means they play or sing out of tune. ---- For a guitar intonation refers to the length of the Guitar#Strings_and_tuning relative to the position of the Guitar#Frets. Bad intonation refers to any error between them. Intonation can typically be adjusted through changing the Guitar#Bridge position (in effect changing the string length) and also by changing the neck angle (by adjusting the Guitar#Truss_rod) or by changing the weight of the strings. A common simple test for some intonation faults is to check that the harmonic at fret twelve is the exact same Pitch (music) as the note from the string when fretted at the same place. Normally this will be corrected by adjusting the bridge position. A badly made or damaged guitar may have intonation so bad that it cannot be corrected without performing extensive work on the guitar (for example removing the neck and re-fixing in a different position or replacing the neck entirely). Phonology ==References== Grabe, E. (2004). Intonational variation in urban dialects of English spoken in the British Isles. In Gilles, P. and Peters, J. (eds.) Regional Variation in Intonation. Linguistische Arbeiten, Tuebingen, Niemeyer, pp. 9-31.
==difference between tone and intonation == If I understand correctly, linguists distinguish between "tone" and "intonation", saying that Mandarin and Vietnamese have "tones", whereas English has intonation rather than tone. I would hope that an article on this topic would explain all that. I am not competent to write such a thing; I have only a rudimentary notion of what they're talking about; I know it when I see it, but I can explain it fluently. -- Mike Hardy :I'm not too sure myself, however, the article does say ''"Many languages use pitch syntactically, for instance to convey surprise and irony or to change a sentence from a statement to a question."'' English fits the bill. On the other hand, for Chinese, a tonal language, tones are more like consonants or vowels since it almost always changes one word to a completely unrelated word. E.g. ma (tone 1) = mother, ma (tone 3) = horse in Chinese, according to Chinese language. Japanese is classified as an intonational language rather than a tonal language, but it actually has characteristics of both: hashi (falling tone) = bridge, hashi (rising tone) = edge -- however, tones can change, switch or cease to exist when going from one Japanese dialect to another, making it less significant than, say, consonants or vowels. --User:69.214.227.51 08:57, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Intonation:
Intonation
Intonation
Intonation_Music_Festival
Intonation
Intonation is the ''variation'' of tone used when speaking. Intonation and Vocal stress are two main elements of (linguistic) prosody. Many languages use pitch (music) Syntax, for instance to convey surprise and irony or to change a statement to a question. Such languages are called intonation languages. English language is a well-known example. Some languages use intonation to convey meaning. Languages in which the syllables are contrasted by pitch are known as tonal languages. Thai language is an example. An intermediate position is occupied by languages with tonal word accent, for instance Norwegian language. ''Rising intonation'' means the pitch of the voice goes up; ''falling intonation'' means that the pitch goes down. The classic example of intonation in an intonation language is the question/statement distinction. For example, northeastern American English language has a rising intonation for echo or declarative questions (''He found it on the street?''), and a falling intonation for ''wh-'' questions and statements. Yes/no questions often have a rising end, but not always. The Chickasaw language has the opposite pattern, rising for statements and falling with questions. Dialects of British and Irish English vary substantially (Grabe 2004,[http://kochanski.org/gpk/papers/2004/200405ASA/]), with rises on many statements in urban Belfast, and falls on most questions in urban Leeds. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, these are marked with and : ''He found it on the street?'' , ''Yes, he found it on the street.'' ---- In music, the word intonation is a synonym for tuning and systems of musical tuning. If musicians have "bad intonation", it means they play or sing out of tune. ---- For a guitar intonation refers to the length of the Guitar#Strings_and_tuning relative to the position of the Guitar#Frets. Bad intonation refers to any error between them. Intonation can typically be adjusted through changing the Guitar#Bridge position (in effect changing the string length) and also by changing the neck angle (by adjusting the Guitar#Truss_rod) or by changing the weight of the strings. A common simple test for some intonation faults is to check that the harmonic at fret twelve is the exact same Pitch (music) as the note from the string when fretted at the same place. Normally this will be corrected by adjusting the bridge position. A badly made or damaged guitar may have intonation so bad that it cannot be corrected without performing extensive work on the guitar (for example removing the neck and re-fixing in a different position or replacing the neck entirely). Phonology ==References== Grabe, E. (2004). Intonational variation in urban dialects of English spoken in the British Isles. In Gilles, P. and Peters, J. (eds.) Regional Variation in Intonation. Linguistische Arbeiten, Tuebingen, Niemeyer, pp. 9-31.
Intonation
==difference between tone and intonation == If I understand correctly, linguists distinguish between "tone" and "intonation", saying that Mandarin and Vietnamese have "tones", whereas English has intonation rather than tone. I would hope that an article on this topic would explain all that. I am not competent to write such a thing; I have only a rudimentary notion of what they're talking about; I know it when I see it, but I can explain it fluently. -- Mike Hardy :I'm not too sure myself, however, the article does say ''"Many languages use pitch syntactically, for instance to convey surprise and irony or to change a sentence from a statement to a question."'' English fits the bill. On the other hand, for Chinese, a tonal language, tones are more like consonants or vowels since it almost always changes one word to a completely unrelated word. E.g. ma (tone 1) = mother, ma (tone 3) = horse in Chinese, according to Chinese language. Japanese is classified as an intonational language rather than a tonal language, but it actually has characteristics of both: hashi (falling tone) = bridge, hashi (rising tone) = edge -- however, tones can change, switch or cease to exist when going from one Japanese dialect to another, making it less significant than, say, consonants or vowels. --User:69.214.227.51 08:57, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
I
IA | IB | IC | ID | IE | IF | IG | IH | IJ | IK | IL | IM | IN | IO | IP | IR | IS | IT | IU | IW | IX | IY | IZ |Words begining with Intonation:
Intonation
Intonation
Intonation_Music_Festival
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