
{| align=right border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|International Space Station |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| | International Space Station photographed following
separation from the Space Shuttle Atlantis, October 16, 2002 |} {| | International Space Station insignia |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Statistics |- |width="100"|Crew:||width="100"| 2 || width="100"| As of
June 17, 2005 |- | Perigee: || 347.9 km || " |- |Apogee:|| 354.1 km || " |- |Orbital period:|| 91.55 minutes || " |- |Inclination:|| 51.64 degrees || " |- |Orbits per day:|| 15.73 || " |- |Mean altitude
loss per day:|| ~65 m|| " |- |Days in orbit since
Zarya launch: || 2,401 || As of
June 17, 2005 |- | Days occupied since
Expedition 1 boarded
on November 2, 2000: || 1,688 || As of
June 17, 2005 |- |Revolutions since
Zarya launch: || 37,573 || As of
June 17, 2005 |- |Distance traveled since
Zarya launch: || ~1,400,000,000 km || " |- | Average speed: || 7.69 km/s || 27,685.7 km/h |- |Current mass:|| 183,283 kg || As of
January 26, 2005 |- |Propellant mass:|| ~ 3,951 kg || " |- | Current living volume:|| 425 m³ || " |- | Pressure|| ~ 757 mmHg (100 kPa) ||. |- | Oxygen|| ~ 162.4 mmHg (22 kPa) ||. |- | CO2|| ~ 4.8 mmHg (640 Pa)||. |- | Temperature|| ~ 26.9 °C ||. |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Current ISS Elements |- |width="100"|''Element:''||width="100"|''Launched:''||width="100"|''Mass: (kg)'' |- |Zarya FGB:|| November 20,1998 || 19,323 |- |Unity Module:|| December 4,1998 || 11,612 |- |ISS Zvezda:|| July 12,2000 || 19,050 |- |ISS Truss:|| October 11,2000 || 8,755 |- |ISS Solar Arrays:|| November 30,2000 || 15,900 |- |Destiny Laboratory Module:|| February 7,2001 || 14,515 |- |Mobile Servicing System:|| April 19,2001 || 4,899 |- |Joint Airlock:|| July 12,2001 || 6,064 |- |Docking Compartment:|| August 14, 2001 || 3,900 |- |ISS Truss:|| April 8, 2002 || 13,970 |- |Mobile Servicing System:|| June 5, 2002 || 1,450 |- |ISS Truss:|| October 7, 2002 || 12,598 |- |ISS Truss:|| November 23, 2002 || 12,598 |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|International Space Station |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| | International Space Station elements as of 23-July-2004.
Click to enlarge. |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Diagram |- |} The International Space Station (ISS) is a joint project of 6 space agencies: the U.S.' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Russian Federal Space Agency, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA/ASC), Brazilian Space Agency (Agência Espacial Brasileira) (AEB) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The space station is located in orbit around the Earth at an altitude of approximately 1 E5 m kilometre, a type of orbit usually termed low Earth orbit. (The actual height varies over time by several kilometres due to atmospheric drag and reboosts. The station, on average, loses 100 meters of altitude per day.) It orbits Earth at a period of about 92 minutes; on December 1, 2003 it had completed over 33,500 orbits since launch. In many ways the ISS represents a merger of previously planned independent space stations, especially Russia's Mir 2, United States' Space Station Freedom and the planned European Columbus orbital facility, representing a permanent human presence in space: it has been manned with a crew of at least two since November 2, 2000. Each time that the crew is replaced both the old and the new crew as well as one or more visitors are present. It is serviced primarily by the Space Shuttle, and Soyuz spacecraft and Progress spacecraft units. It is still being built, but is home to some experimentation already. At present, the station has a capacity for a crew of three. So far, all members of the (permanent) crew have come from the Russian or United States space programs. The ISS has however been visited by many more astronauts, a number of them from other countries (and by 2 space tourists). The name "International Space Station" (abbreviated MKS in Russian) represents a neutral compromise ending a disagreement about a proper name for the station. The initially proposed name "Space Station Alpha" was rejected by Russia, since it would have implied that the station was something fundamentally new, whereas the Soviet Union already had operated eight orbital stations long before the ISS launch (see Space station). The Russian proposal to name the space station "Atlant" was in turn rejected by the US, which was worried about that name's similarity to "Atlantis", the name of a legendary continent that sank into the ocean. The use of "Atlantis" would also have caused confusion with the US shuttle Space Shuttle Atlantis. ==Building the ISS== Building the ISS will require more than 50 assembly and utilization flights. Of these flights, 39 are Space Shuttle flights. In addition to the assembly and utilization flights, approximately 30 Progress spacecraft flights are required to provide logistics. When assembly is complete, the ISS will have a pressurized volume of 1,200 cubic meters, a mass of 419,000 kilograms, 110 kilowatts of power output, a truss 108.4 meters long, modules 74 meters long, and a crew of six. The station consists of several modules and elements: Already launched - (in order of assembly) * Zarya (FGB) * Unity Module (Node 1) * ISS Zvezda (Service Module) * Destiny Laboratory Module * Joint Airlock (Quest airlock) * Docking Compartment (Pirs airlock) Launched on periodic resupply missions * Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Scheduled for launch by Shuttle after return to flight
(listed in order of planned launch sequence) * Node 2 (launch ~12/06) * Columbus (ISS module) (launch ~03/07) * Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), aka KIBO (launch ~09/07) * Node 3 - (launch ~05/08) * Centrifuge Accommodations Module (launch ~7/09) * Science Power Platform (launch ~10/10) * Cupola (ISS) - (launch ~03/09) Scheduled for launch by Proton rocket * Multipurpose Laboratory Module FGB-2 based - (launch ~2007) * European Robotic Arm (ERA) (2007), * Russian Research Module reduced to 1 (launch ~2009) Elements delayed, on hold or cancelled * Universal Docking Module - cancelled, replaced by (MLM - FGB2) * Docking and Stowage Module - cancelled * Habitation Module - cancelled * Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) - cancelled * Interim Control Module - cancelled * ISS Propulsion Module - cancelled Other major subsystems include * ISS Truss girder forming a structural backbone to the station * ISS Solar Arrays * Mobile Servicing System (Canadarm2) * Soyuz spacecraft for crew rotation and emergency evacuation, replaced every 6 months * Progress spacecraft - resupply vehicle * European (ESA) Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) ISS resupply spacecraft * Japanese (JAXA) H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) resupply vehicle for KIBO module === ISS major component assembly sequence === *ISS assembly sequence *[http://images.spaceref.com/news/2004/09.10.04.FAWG.pdf ISS Shuttle Flight Planning Manifest (PDF)] As configured as of 2003, the station massed 187,016 kg and had 425 cubic meters of living space. Its extreme dimensions were 73 meters wide, 52 meters long, and 27.5 meters high. Operations had included 16 American Space Shuttle flights and 22 Russian flights. Of the Russian flights, 8 were manned and 14 were List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS. Construction had required 51 spacewalks, of which 25 were shuttle-based and 26 List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS. Total spacewalk time at the station has been 318 hours, 37 minutes. On December 1, 1987, NASA announced the names of four U.S. companies who were awarded contracts to help manufacture the US-built parts of the Space Station: Boeing, General Electric's Astro-Space Division, McDonnell Douglas, and the Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell. The first section was put in orbit in 1998. Two further pieces were added before the first crew was sent. The first crew arrived on November 2, 2000 and consisted of US astronaut William Shepherd and two Russian cosmonauts, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev. They decided to call the space station "Alpha" but the use of that name was restricted to their mission. The ISS has had a troubled history. Initially planned as a NASA "Space Station Freedom" and promoted by Ronald Reagan, it was found to be too expensive. After the end of the Cold War, it was taken up again as a joint project of NASA and Russia's Rosaviakosmos. Since then, it has been far more expensive than originally anticipated by NASA, and is behind schedule. As of 2003 it is unable to yet accommodate the expected crew of seven, thus severely limiting the amount of science that can be performed on it and angering European partners in the project. In July, 2004, NASA agreed to complete the station to the level where it could support 4 crewmembers and to launch additional sections like the Japanese experiment module. NASA would continue to handle construction while Russia would continue to launch and recover the Station's crews. ==Purpose of the ISS== There are many critics of NASA who view the project as a waste of time and money, inhibiting progress on more useful projects: for instance, the estimated $100 billion USD lifetime cost could pay for dozens of unmanned space mission. There are many critics of space exploration in general, who argue that the $100 billion USD would be better spent on problems on Earth. Advocates of space exploration hold that such criticisms are at the very least short-sighted, and perhaps deceptive. Advocates of manned space research and exploration claim that these efforts have indeed produced billions of dollars of tangible benefits to people on Earth. In some estimates, it has been held that the indirect economic benefit, made from commercialization of technologies developed during human spaceflight, has returned more than seven times the initial investment to the economy (some conservative estimates put the amount at three times the initial investment). Whether the ISS, as distinct from the wider space program, will be a major contributor in this sense is, however, a subject of strong debate. The ISS has seen the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, who spent 20 million USD to fly aboard a Russian supply mission and the first space wedding when Yuri Malenchenko on the station married Ekaterina Dmitriev who was in Texas. ==Present status of the ISS== After the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster of the Space Shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003, and the subsequent suspension of the US Space Shuttle program, there remains some uncertainty over the future of the ISS. Its construction is practically halted as major parts of the ISS are so heavy that they cannot be lifted to the ISS by any launcher currently in service. For example the European Space Agency's laboratory module Columbus Orbital Facility is ready to go, but can't be delivered into orbit by currently available launchers. In the meantime, crew exchange is done using the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Starting with Soyuz TMA-2, two-astronaut caretaker crews have been launched, instead of the previous crews of three. However, the Soyuz lacks the raw cargo space of the shuttle, and because the ISS has not been serviced by a shuttle for an extended period, it has built up a large amount of trash and waste which is starting to hinder station operations. The grounding of the US space shuttles has caused many to wonder aloud whether or not the Russian Energia launcher or Shuttle Buran shuttle could have been brought back into service. However, while as romantic as dreams that the Saturn V might fly once more, the reality of the situation is that all the equipment for Energia and Buran, including the vehicles themselves, have either rotted away or been repurposed since falling into disuse with the collapse of the Soviet Union. On 27 February 2004, ISS crew Michael Foale and Alexander Kalery conducted the first spacewalk involving its entire crew (Soyuz 26 was the first involving the whole crew of a vehicle). Most of the spacewalk's goals, the installation of external equipment, were accomplished before a kinked tube in Kalery's suit caused a cooling malfunction and forced an early end. The possibility of an extremely high-speed collision with space debris is considered a long-term threat to the International Space Station. One solution which has been proposed by NASA and others is a laser broom. There are concerns that such a proposal might contravene existing treaties banning laser weapons in space.
==ISS Expeditions== {| align=left border=1 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 0 0; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#efefef" ! align="left", width="125"|Expedition ! align="left", width="350"|Crew ! align="left", width="175"|Launch
date ! align="left", width="125"|Flight up ! align="left", width="175"|Landing
date ! align="left", width="125"|Flight down ! align="center", width="65"|Duration
(Days) |- || Expedition 1 || William Shepherd - Cdr. U.S.A.
Yuri Gidzenko - Russia
Sergei Krikalev - Russia ||October 31, 2000
07:52:47 UTC ||Soyuz TM-31 ||March 21, 2001
07:33:06 UTC ||STS-102 |align="right" |140.98 |- || Expedition 2 || Yuri Usachev - Cdr. Russia
Susan Helms - U.S.A.
James Voss - U.S.A. ||March 8, 2001
11:42:09 UTC ||STS-102 ||August 22, 2001
19:24:06 UTC ||STS-105 |align="right" |167.28 |- || Expedition 3 || Frank L. Culbertson - Cdr. U.S.A.
Vladimir N. Dezhurov - Russia
Mikhail Tyurin - Russia ||August 10, 2001
21:10:15 UTC ||STS-105 ||December 17, 2001
17:56:13 UTC ||STS-108 |align="right" |128.86 |- || Expedition 4 || Yury Onufrienko - Cdr. Russia
Dan Bursch - U.S.A.
Carl Walz - U.S.A. ||December 5, 2001
22:19:28 UTC ||STS-108 ||June 19, 2002
09:57:41 UTC ||STS-111 |align="right" |195.82 |- || Expedition 5 || Valery Korzun - Cdr. Russia
Sergei Treschev - Russia
Peggy Whitson - U.S.A. ||June 5, 2002
21:22:49 UTC ||STS-111 ||December 7, 2002
19:37:12 UTC ||STS-113 |align="right" |184.93 |- || Expedition 6 || Kenneth Bowersox - Cdr. U.S.A
Nikolai Budarin - Russia
Donald Pettit - U.S.A. ||November 24, 2002
00:49:47 UTC ||STS-113 ||May 4, 2003
02:04:25 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-1 |align="right" |161.05 |- || Expedition 7 || Yuri Malenchenko - Cdr. Russia
Edward Lu - U.S.A. ||April 26, 2003
03:53:52 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-2 ||October 28, 2003
02:40:20 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-2 |align="right" |184.93 |- || Expedition 8 || Michael Foale - Cdr. U.S.A.
Alexander Kaleri - Russia ||October 18, 2003
05:38:03 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-3 ||April 30, 2004
00:11:15 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-3 |align="right" |194.77 |- || Expedition 9 || Gennady Padalka - Cdr. Russia
Michael Fincke - U.S.A. ||April 19, 2004
03:19:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-4 ||October 24, 2004
00:32:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-4 |align="right" |185.66 |- || Expedition 10 || Leroy Chiao - Cdr. U.S.A.
Salizhan Sharipov - Russia ||October 14, 2004
03:06 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-5 ||April 24, 2005
22:08:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-5 |align="right" |192.79 |- || Expedition 11 || Sergei Krikalev - Cdr. Russia
John L. Phillips - U.S.A. ||April 15, 2005
00:46:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-6 (Krikalev, Phillips);
STS-121 (Thomas Reiter) ||Planned: October 15, 2005
00:00:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-6 |align="right" |~190 |- |}
==Future expeditions== *Expedition 12: Valery Tokarev CDR - Russia, William McArthur- U.S.A., Sunita Williams - U.S.A. - Scheduled for Sep '05 - April '06 *Expedition 13: Pavel Vinogradov CDR - Russia, Dmitri Kondratyiev - Russia, Daniel Tani - U.S.A. - Scheduled April - Oct 2006 *Expedition 14: Jeffery Williams CDR - U.S.A., Clayton Anderson - U.S.A., Aleksandr Lazutkin - Russia - Scheduled for Oct 06 - Mar 07 *Expedition 15: Fyodor Yurchikin CDR - Russia, Oleg Kotov - Russia, John Grunsfeld - Scheduled for Mar 07 - Sep 07. The International Space Station is the second most visited space craft in the history of space flight. As of April 15, 2005 it has had 133 visitors. Mir had 137 visitors. See Space station. Almost 1/4 of astronauts who have ever flown into space have been to the ISS. See the alphabetical List of International Space Station visitors. == ISS spacewalks == List of ISS spacewalks performed from the ISS or visiting spacecraft. == Visiting manned spacecraft and crews == Please see List of manned spaceflights to the ISS for a comprehensive chronological list of all manned spacecraft that have visited the ISS, including the spacecraft's respective crews. This list also includes the ISS' crews referenced in the previous section. ==Visiting unmanned spacecraft== List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS. Progress supply flights and unmanned automatic docking space station modules. ==Reference== *[http://vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/td9702.pdf ISS Familiarization and Training Manual - NASA July 1998 (PDF format)] *[http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/isstodate.html Current ISS Vital Statistics] ==External links== * [http://www.energia.ru/english/energia/iss/iss.html International Space Station — Energia site] * [http://www.esa.int/esaHS/iss.html International Space Station — ESA site] * [http://www.jaxa.jp/missions/projects/iss_human/index_e.html International Space Station — JAXA site] * [http://www.aeb.gov.br/ International Space Station — AEB site] * [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ International Space Station — NASA site] * [http://stream1.euronews.net:8080/ramgen/mag/space-issquovadis-en.rm?usehostname International Space Station — EuroNews report (Real player video stream)] * [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/intation.htm International Space Station] from Encyclopedia Astronautica * http://spd.nasa.gov/ * [http://spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.Projects/Human.Exploration.and.Development.of.Space/Space.Product.Development/.index.html Spacelink — Space Product Development] * [http://www.planetarysociety.org/ The Planetary Society] * http://www.seds.org/pub/seds/National/misc/why-space * [http://esa.heavens-above.com/esa/iss_step1.asp See the ISS from your home town] * [http://www.heavens-above.com/ Heavens Above] — locate ISS, and find when to view it, from any location. * [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/future/index.html NASA Human Spaceflight - ISS Assembly Sequence webpage] * [http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/shuttle/manifest.txt Unofficial Shuttle Launch Manifest] ==See also== *Space station for statistics of occupied space stations *Salyut *Skylab *Mir *International Space Station (Orbiter sim) of ISS in Orbiter (sim) space flight flight_simulator
International Space Station
Space stations
Manned spacecraft
Big Science
== List of visitors == Is this in any particular order? Would someone mind ordering it chronologically if not? User:MrJones 15:23, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC) :I tentatively removed the list, on the thoughts that 1) it's not very useful; 2) it's visually horrendous, and 3) all of the information is duplicated at List of human spaceflights. - User:Seth Ilys 15:28, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC) == Criticism of the Project or Non-sequitir? == ''There are many critics who argue that the $100 billion USD would be better spent providing food and clean water for the 24,000 people who die every day on Earth from malnutrition and starvation.'' This is a non sequitur with regards to the ISS in particular, in that it could be applied to ''any'' expenditure. It is also a piece of rhetoric and advocacy, not a neutral ''description'' of criticism of the ISS. --User:Fubar Obfusco :No, the ISS is a particularly heavily criticized boondoggle, and the space program in general has been criticized in this way since it's beginnings. It is also an absolutely neutral factual statement. It is hardly a 'non sequitur' - look at the article on particle physics where similar statements are made and properly balanced. Anything that spents tens of billions of dollars and gives back no clear benefit to the people that are taxed to pay for it is subject to this kind of general criticism - it's a matter of scale. :Also, if you want to read 'rhetoric' and 'advocacy', just read the article on Wikipedia itself. It's a mess that basically promotes the hell out of itself. That error should not be carried over into all discussions of the ways science and technology are supposed to be useful to us 'eventually' (even if we died waiting). See scientism. Disappointed that my famine sentence has been removed - it was factual and restored some neutrality to the page which I thought had a pro-exploration bias. While I agree that the argument could be applied to any expenditure, it is particularly pertinent to the space station - 24,000 people die every day from hunger on Earth and spending that much so that a few dozen humans can spend some time in a high-tech tin can seems to symbolise the poor sense of reality many scientists have developed. I'm not against space exploration or science - just think that we should address problems on Earth first. As for the statement being rhetoric and advocacy - I'm sure the starving millions would disagree if they had the resources to. And given that someone dies from hunger every 3.6 seconds, I don't think they would think much of the argument that the space station will bring benefits in the longer term. :The starving millions are not starving because of the ISS, and it is completely unfair to single it out. Leaving aside the argument as to whether it's lack of aid or, as seems to be the case depressingly often, war and corruption, that is responsible for world hunger, there are innumerable other places of arguably less long-term value where funding could be found from. Why not argue that, say, funding for opera, sports, or national parks, should be cut to pay for aid? --User:Robert Merkel Especially "profesional" or commercial sports (like paying ridicuols salaries to players), or the entertainment industry. We spend a LOT more on those, they have fewer benefits if any. User:Mir 06:00, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Excessive political correctness? == While I am all against discrimatory(?) language, isn't the latest change to ''crewed'' (from ''manned'', as in ''manned spaceflight'') a bit overzealous? As far as I know, ''manned spaceflight'' carries a bit more implications than just ''not-woman''. ''Crewed spaceflight'' somehow doesn't sound right in my ears --User:UsagiYojimbo Hmm, the contributions of Europe and Japan seem to be somewhat downplayed in this article. The most important criticism of the space station is that it actually is rather scaled back. All the people will be doing is research. The whole *point* of having a permanently manned space station has always been to also be able to do in-space construction! In the long run, if you want to see people living in space, you're going to need to expand the capabilities of the space station by quite a bit. == Request for statistics and other numbers == How fast does it travel? How long does it take to orbit the earth? -- User:Tarquin 14:22, 2 Nov 2003 (UTC) == laser brooms == The cited articles mention that laser brooms will be kept low power to avoid even inadvertently infringing on treaties against deploying weapons in space. Their purpose is to clear away "space junk" which can threaten the space station due to extremely high-speed collisions. Plautus however, begins his edit with phrasing similar to "it has been proposed to install weapons on the space station". An outright distortion. :By the way, it is not a distortion to present this as a weapons system. The tests will be low-powered, but the final system will be capable of vaporizing targets in space (or on the ground via mirrors). But more about this elsewhere, I have a contribution to write. - User:Plautus satire 01:17, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) Plautus has done this several times before. He is bluffing by presenting an external link and hoping that no one will actually click and read the linked article. - User:Curps 00:55, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) :I didn't mean to post a misleading article, I misread the article in my haste, I thought they were doing ground tests of a space-based system, since they talk about the ISS. My mistake, I'm sorry about that, I wasn't trying to deceive anyone. - User:Plautus satire 01:17, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) There is no point in rewriting Plautus's text about laser brooms in a more NPOV fashion because it is entirely superfluous detail. One might as well write about the space station's solar panels, life-support systems, zero-gravity toilets or any of the hundreds and hundreds of other much more key subsystems on board, and make the article ten times as long. Plautus's purpose in introducing this text about laser brooms of all things is purely in support of his conspiracy theories (eg, the Hubble space telescope is really a spy telescope). It deserves removal on grounds of marginal relevance even if he had written it in an NPOV way. A separate laser broom page is the place to put this material. - User:Curps 01:02, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) :This is true, I'm sorry I was so persistent trying to get this in there, I admit I was wrong. - User:Plautus satire 01:17, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) It gets even better. Rereading the two articles cited by Plautus [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Space_Station&oldid=2529976 his original edit]... this is a ground-based system that won't even be installed on the space station. - User:Curps 01:10, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) Ouch. I guess I have to bite the bullet and admit I was wrong here. This is another lesson about posting in haste. I'll try to learn from this. Thanks for catching this error, this "laser broom" deserves an entry all its own. - User:Plautus satire 01:14, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) :I'll also apologize for not giving you the benefit of the doubt, Curps, I thought you were still watchdogging some of my topics as per the orders on the ban plautus pages (so I assumed the worst - User:Plautus satire 01:19, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)). - User:Plautus satire 01:18, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) Hey, MyRedDice, thanks for turning my bungled edition into something that I for one appreciate. I think this deserves a mention, but I didn't feel it was my place after my recent blunder. - User:Plautus satire 01:28, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) : Thanks Plautus. Perhaps you could help us improve the laser broom article, which is currently quite a short stub? User:MyRedDice 01:31, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) ==First ever spacewalk with whole crew== While NASA says "the first ever two-man spacewalk without a crewmember inside" [http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/workinginspace/ex8_spacewalk.html], that's misleading because Soyuz 26 had both of its crew outside, transferring from one vehicle to another and the NASA wording gives the impression that it was first ever rather than only first for ISS. User:Jamesday 02:32, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC) == List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS == Does anyone have suitable knowledge and/or access to information to make a List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS? I think it's rather a good idea to make one. User:Ropers 18:26, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC) :I have added such a list. It mostly consists of Progress cargo flights. User:Reubenbarton 16:10, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) ==Ready to be nominated for feature article?== This article has improved from head-to-toe since I last saw it. Is it ready to be Wikipedia:Featured article candidates? User:Astudent 13:20, 2004 Sep 21 (UTC) *Um... I don't think so yet... "ISS Spacewalks", "Visiting manned spacecraft and crews" and "Visiting unmanned spacecraft" needs a summary first. --User:Andylkl 15:28, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) == list of foregin modules delivered to NASA == :Is node2 already delivered to NASA and is ready for launch? :Is Cupola delivered to NASA ? if not, what is the progress and expectations :Are japanese modules are delivered to NASA ? :is russian SPP is delivered to NASA? :etc. - I have seen somewhere such a list, but can't remember where... :also maybe this information about the status of the individual modules should be added to their respective pages and not in a merged list... == count, places, capabilities of docking locations == Can someone try to count and locate the various docking ports of the current (and future) ISS configuration? :three PMAs for Shuttle / HIIs :some docking locations for Soyous/Progress/ATV on Zarya, Zvezda, Pris, UDM, etc. :one airlock with russian spacesuits, one with both russian and american (are there REALY russian spacesuits in the Quest airlock, or it is only POSSIBLE to use them from there) == Soyouz and Progress flights, brought from NASA == count of Soyouz and Progress flights that NASA has brought from Russia - so we can see how much more are left... This should be stated somewhere in the foundation treatry and/or later annexes... == ISS Secret? == How come we never seem to see the space station on TV or hear about it on the radio or read about it in the papers? Most of the worlds biggest economies are pumping $100 billion into this project and you would think that the goings on up there would be mentioned in the popular mainstream media. It's as though the thing were a secret. Holden 27 *OK, two guys spinning about the Earth once every 90 minutes. Very newsworthy. Especially considering that all they seem to do up there is take up space. A 2-man ISS is worthless scientifically and practically. The only point in having them up there has been to maintain "a continuous presence" in space. Consequently, you're lucky if the major media outlets report the crew changes and major crises abord the station. And some of them do. I don't see where you're coming from. --User:Alexwcovington 10:42, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Well if you have Dish Network or DirecTV (I don't know about Bell ExpressVu) you can watch NASA TV and they have ISS Mission coverage everyday and most of the time the astornauts scheduals seem quite full and busy. As busy as a 2 person crew can get. But I do think that they should increase the crew to 3 as soon as the space shuttle program is running again. Anyway with news stations focused on more "exciting" issuses like Oil for Food program, 2003 Invasion of Iraq, to anything else they think will grab there attention (basically anything with shock value). People don't seem to be that interested in the ISS when the news comes in with there shock stories, scandals, and there ocassional human interest story(aka Pre-recorded time filler). --User:Silver86 01:48, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Purpose of the ISS == It seems like this section doesn't cover the purpose of the ISS as much as a discussion regarding cost/benefit. Isn't the actual purpose to carry out scientific research in many areas, and to prepare for future missions into deep space? And shouldn't things like that go in the section about the purpose, and cost/benefit into another section?
Big Science Manned spacecraft Space stations
#REDIRECT International Space Station
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International_Space_Station_(Orbiter_sim)
International Space Station
{| align=right border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|International Space Station |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| | International Space Station photographed following
separation from the Space Shuttle Atlantis, October 16, 2002 |} {| | International Space Station insignia |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Statistics |- |width="100"|Crew:||width="100"| 2 || width="100"| As of
June 17, 2005 |- | Perigee: || 347.9 km || " |- |Apogee:|| 354.1 km || " |- |Orbital period:|| 91.55 minutes || " |- |Inclination:|| 51.64 degrees || " |- |Orbits per day:|| 15.73 || " |- |Mean altitude
loss per day:|| ~65 m|| " |- |Days in orbit since
Zarya launch: || 2,401 || As of
June 17, 2005 |- | Days occupied since
Expedition 1 boarded
on November 2, 2000: || 1,688 || As of
June 17, 2005 |- |Revolutions since
Zarya launch: || 37,573 || As of
June 17, 2005 |- |Distance traveled since
Zarya launch: || ~1,400,000,000 km || " |- | Average speed: || 7.69 km/s || 27,685.7 km/h |- |Current mass:|| 183,283 kg || As of
January 26, 2005 |- |Propellant mass:|| ~ 3,951 kg || " |- | Current living volume:|| 425 m³ || " |- | Pressure|| ~ 757 mmHg (100 kPa) ||. |- | Oxygen|| ~ 162.4 mmHg (22 kPa) ||. |- | CO2|| ~ 4.8 mmHg (640 Pa)||. |- | Temperature|| ~ 26.9 °C ||. |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Current ISS Elements |- |width="100"|''Element:''||width="100"|''Launched:''||width="100"|''Mass: (kg)'' |- |Zarya FGB:|| November 20,1998 || 19,323 |- |Unity Module:|| December 4,1998 || 11,612 |- |ISS Zvezda:|| July 12,2000 || 19,050 |- |ISS Truss:|| October 11,2000 || 8,755 |- |ISS Solar Arrays:|| November 30,2000 || 15,900 |- |Destiny Laboratory Module:|| February 7,2001 || 14,515 |- |Mobile Servicing System:|| April 19,2001 || 4,899 |- |Joint Airlock:|| July 12,2001 || 6,064 |- |Docking Compartment:|| August 14, 2001 || 3,900 |- |ISS Truss:|| April 8, 2002 || 13,970 |- |Mobile Servicing System:|| June 5, 2002 || 1,450 |- |ISS Truss:|| October 7, 2002 || 12,598 |- |ISS Truss:|| November 23, 2002 || 12,598 |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|International Space Station |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| | International Space Station elements as of 23-July-2004.
Click to enlarge. |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Diagram |- |} The International Space Station (ISS) is a joint project of 6 space agencies: the U.S.' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Russian Federal Space Agency, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA/ASC), Brazilian Space Agency (Agência Espacial Brasileira) (AEB) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The space station is located in orbit around the Earth at an altitude of approximately 1 E5 m kilometre, a type of orbit usually termed low Earth orbit. (The actual height varies over time by several kilometres due to atmospheric drag and reboosts. The station, on average, loses 100 meters of altitude per day.) It orbits Earth at a period of about 92 minutes; on December 1, 2003 it had completed over 33,500 orbits since launch. In many ways the ISS represents a merger of previously planned independent space stations, especially Russia's Mir 2, United States' Space Station Freedom and the planned European Columbus orbital facility, representing a permanent human presence in space: it has been manned with a crew of at least two since November 2, 2000. Each time that the crew is replaced both the old and the new crew as well as one or more visitors are present. It is serviced primarily by the Space Shuttle, and Soyuz spacecraft and Progress spacecraft units. It is still being built, but is home to some experimentation already. At present, the station has a capacity for a crew of three. So far, all members of the (permanent) crew have come from the Russian or United States space programs. The ISS has however been visited by many more astronauts, a number of them from other countries (and by 2 space tourists). The name "International Space Station" (abbreviated MKS in Russian) represents a neutral compromise ending a disagreement about a proper name for the station. The initially proposed name "Space Station Alpha" was rejected by Russia, since it would have implied that the station was something fundamentally new, whereas the Soviet Union already had operated eight orbital stations long before the ISS launch (see Space station). The Russian proposal to name the space station "Atlant" was in turn rejected by the US, which was worried about that name's similarity to "Atlantis", the name of a legendary continent that sank into the ocean. The use of "Atlantis" would also have caused confusion with the US shuttle Space Shuttle Atlantis. ==Building the ISS== Building the ISS will require more than 50 assembly and utilization flights. Of these flights, 39 are Space Shuttle flights. In addition to the assembly and utilization flights, approximately 30 Progress spacecraft flights are required to provide logistics. When assembly is complete, the ISS will have a pressurized volume of 1,200 cubic meters, a mass of 419,000 kilograms, 110 kilowatts of power output, a truss 108.4 meters long, modules 74 meters long, and a crew of six. The station consists of several modules and elements: Already launched - (in order of assembly) * Zarya (FGB) * Unity Module (Node 1) * ISS Zvezda (Service Module) * Destiny Laboratory Module * Joint Airlock (Quest airlock) * Docking Compartment (Pirs airlock) Launched on periodic resupply missions * Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Scheduled for launch by Shuttle after return to flight
(listed in order of planned launch sequence) * Node 2 (launch ~12/06) * Columbus (ISS module) (launch ~03/07) * Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), aka KIBO (launch ~09/07) * Node 3 - (launch ~05/08) * Centrifuge Accommodations Module (launch ~7/09) * Science Power Platform (launch ~10/10) * Cupola (ISS) - (launch ~03/09) Scheduled for launch by Proton rocket * Multipurpose Laboratory Module FGB-2 based - (launch ~2007) * European Robotic Arm (ERA) (2007), * Russian Research Module reduced to 1 (launch ~2009) Elements delayed, on hold or cancelled * Universal Docking Module - cancelled, replaced by (MLM - FGB2) * Docking and Stowage Module - cancelled * Habitation Module - cancelled * Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) - cancelled * Interim Control Module - cancelled * ISS Propulsion Module - cancelled Other major subsystems include * ISS Truss girder forming a structural backbone to the station * ISS Solar Arrays * Mobile Servicing System (Canadarm2) * Soyuz spacecraft for crew rotation and emergency evacuation, replaced every 6 months * Progress spacecraft - resupply vehicle * European (ESA) Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) ISS resupply spacecraft * Japanese (JAXA) H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) resupply vehicle for KIBO module === ISS major component assembly sequence === *ISS assembly sequence *[http://images.spaceref.com/news/2004/09.10.04.FAWG.pdf ISS Shuttle Flight Planning Manifest (PDF)] As configured as of 2003, the station massed 187,016 kg and had 425 cubic meters of living space. Its extreme dimensions were 73 meters wide, 52 meters long, and 27.5 meters high. Operations had included 16 American Space Shuttle flights and 22 Russian flights. Of the Russian flights, 8 were manned and 14 were List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS. Construction had required 51 spacewalks, of which 25 were shuttle-based and 26 List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS. Total spacewalk time at the station has been 318 hours, 37 minutes. On December 1, 1987, NASA announced the names of four U.S. companies who were awarded contracts to help manufacture the US-built parts of the Space Station: Boeing, General Electric's Astro-Space Division, McDonnell Douglas, and the Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell. The first section was put in orbit in 1998. Two further pieces were added before the first crew was sent. The first crew arrived on November 2, 2000 and consisted of US astronaut William Shepherd and two Russian cosmonauts, Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev. They decided to call the space station "Alpha" but the use of that name was restricted to their mission. The ISS has had a troubled history. Initially planned as a NASA "Space Station Freedom" and promoted by Ronald Reagan, it was found to be too expensive. After the end of the Cold War, it was taken up again as a joint project of NASA and Russia's Rosaviakosmos. Since then, it has been far more expensive than originally anticipated by NASA, and is behind schedule. As of 2003 it is unable to yet accommodate the expected crew of seven, thus severely limiting the amount of science that can be performed on it and angering European partners in the project. In July, 2004, NASA agreed to complete the station to the level where it could support 4 crewmembers and to launch additional sections like the Japanese experiment module. NASA would continue to handle construction while Russia would continue to launch and recover the Station's crews. ==Purpose of the ISS== There are many critics of NASA who view the project as a waste of time and money, inhibiting progress on more useful projects: for instance, the estimated $100 billion USD lifetime cost could pay for dozens of unmanned space mission. There are many critics of space exploration in general, who argue that the $100 billion USD would be better spent on problems on Earth. Advocates of space exploration hold that such criticisms are at the very least short-sighted, and perhaps deceptive. Advocates of manned space research and exploration claim that these efforts have indeed produced billions of dollars of tangible benefits to people on Earth. In some estimates, it has been held that the indirect economic benefit, made from commercialization of technologies developed during human spaceflight, has returned more than seven times the initial investment to the economy (some conservative estimates put the amount at three times the initial investment). Whether the ISS, as distinct from the wider space program, will be a major contributor in this sense is, however, a subject of strong debate. The ISS has seen the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, who spent 20 million USD to fly aboard a Russian supply mission and the first space wedding when Yuri Malenchenko on the station married Ekaterina Dmitriev who was in Texas. ==Present status of the ISS== After the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster of the Space Shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003, and the subsequent suspension of the US Space Shuttle program, there remains some uncertainty over the future of the ISS. Its construction is practically halted as major parts of the ISS are so heavy that they cannot be lifted to the ISS by any launcher currently in service. For example the European Space Agency's laboratory module Columbus Orbital Facility is ready to go, but can't be delivered into orbit by currently available launchers. In the meantime, crew exchange is done using the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. Starting with Soyuz TMA-2, two-astronaut caretaker crews have been launched, instead of the previous crews of three. However, the Soyuz lacks the raw cargo space of the shuttle, and because the ISS has not been serviced by a shuttle for an extended period, it has built up a large amount of trash and waste which is starting to hinder station operations. The grounding of the US space shuttles has caused many to wonder aloud whether or not the Russian Energia launcher or Shuttle Buran shuttle could have been brought back into service. However, while as romantic as dreams that the Saturn V might fly once more, the reality of the situation is that all the equipment for Energia and Buran, including the vehicles themselves, have either rotted away or been repurposed since falling into disuse with the collapse of the Soviet Union. On 27 February 2004, ISS crew Michael Foale and Alexander Kalery conducted the first spacewalk involving its entire crew (Soyuz 26 was the first involving the whole crew of a vehicle). Most of the spacewalk's goals, the installation of external equipment, were accomplished before a kinked tube in Kalery's suit caused a cooling malfunction and forced an early end. The possibility of an extremely high-speed collision with space debris is considered a long-term threat to the International Space Station. One solution which has been proposed by NASA and others is a laser broom. There are concerns that such a proposal might contravene existing treaties banning laser weapons in space.
==ISS Expeditions== {| align=left border=1 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 0 0; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- bgcolor="#efefef" ! align="left", width="125"|Expedition ! align="left", width="350"|Crew ! align="left", width="175"|Launch
date ! align="left", width="125"|Flight up ! align="left", width="175"|Landing
date ! align="left", width="125"|Flight down ! align="center", width="65"|Duration
(Days) |- || Expedition 1 || William Shepherd - Cdr. U.S.A.
Yuri Gidzenko - Russia
Sergei Krikalev - Russia ||October 31, 2000
07:52:47 UTC ||Soyuz TM-31 ||March 21, 2001
07:33:06 UTC ||STS-102 |align="right" |140.98 |- || Expedition 2 || Yuri Usachev - Cdr. Russia
Susan Helms - U.S.A.
James Voss - U.S.A. ||March 8, 2001
11:42:09 UTC ||STS-102 ||August 22, 2001
19:24:06 UTC ||STS-105 |align="right" |167.28 |- || Expedition 3 || Frank L. Culbertson - Cdr. U.S.A.
Vladimir N. Dezhurov - Russia
Mikhail Tyurin - Russia ||August 10, 2001
21:10:15 UTC ||STS-105 ||December 17, 2001
17:56:13 UTC ||STS-108 |align="right" |128.86 |- || Expedition 4 || Yury Onufrienko - Cdr. Russia
Dan Bursch - U.S.A.
Carl Walz - U.S.A. ||December 5, 2001
22:19:28 UTC ||STS-108 ||June 19, 2002
09:57:41 UTC ||STS-111 |align="right" |195.82 |- || Expedition 5 || Valery Korzun - Cdr. Russia
Sergei Treschev - Russia
Peggy Whitson - U.S.A. ||June 5, 2002
21:22:49 UTC ||STS-111 ||December 7, 2002
19:37:12 UTC ||STS-113 |align="right" |184.93 |- || Expedition 6 || Kenneth Bowersox - Cdr. U.S.A
Nikolai Budarin - Russia
Donald Pettit - U.S.A. ||November 24, 2002
00:49:47 UTC ||STS-113 ||May 4, 2003
02:04:25 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-1 |align="right" |161.05 |- || Expedition 7 || Yuri Malenchenko - Cdr. Russia
Edward Lu - U.S.A. ||April 26, 2003
03:53:52 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-2 ||October 28, 2003
02:40:20 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-2 |align="right" |184.93 |- || Expedition 8 || Michael Foale - Cdr. U.S.A.
Alexander Kaleri - Russia ||October 18, 2003
05:38:03 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-3 ||April 30, 2004
00:11:15 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-3 |align="right" |194.77 |- || Expedition 9 || Gennady Padalka - Cdr. Russia
Michael Fincke - U.S.A. ||April 19, 2004
03:19:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-4 ||October 24, 2004
00:32:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-4 |align="right" |185.66 |- || Expedition 10 || Leroy Chiao - Cdr. U.S.A.
Salizhan Sharipov - Russia ||October 14, 2004
03:06 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-5 ||April 24, 2005
22:08:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-5 |align="right" |192.79 |- || Expedition 11 || Sergei Krikalev - Cdr. Russia
John L. Phillips - U.S.A. ||April 15, 2005
00:46:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-6 (Krikalev, Phillips);
STS-121 (Thomas Reiter) ||Planned: October 15, 2005
00:00:00 UTC ||Soyuz TMA-6 |align="right" |~190 |- |}
==Future expeditions== *Expedition 12: Valery Tokarev CDR - Russia, William McArthur- U.S.A., Sunita Williams - U.S.A. - Scheduled for Sep '05 - April '06 *Expedition 13: Pavel Vinogradov CDR - Russia, Dmitri Kondratyiev - Russia, Daniel Tani - U.S.A. - Scheduled April - Oct 2006 *Expedition 14: Jeffery Williams CDR - U.S.A., Clayton Anderson - U.S.A., Aleksandr Lazutkin - Russia - Scheduled for Oct 06 - Mar 07 *Expedition 15: Fyodor Yurchikin CDR - Russia, Oleg Kotov - Russia, John Grunsfeld - Scheduled for Mar 07 - Sep 07. The International Space Station is the second most visited space craft in the history of space flight. As of April 15, 2005 it has had 133 visitors. Mir had 137 visitors. See Space station. Almost 1/4 of astronauts who have ever flown into space have been to the ISS. See the alphabetical List of International Space Station visitors. == ISS spacewalks == List of ISS spacewalks performed from the ISS or visiting spacecraft. == Visiting manned spacecraft and crews == Please see List of manned spaceflights to the ISS for a comprehensive chronological list of all manned spacecraft that have visited the ISS, including the spacecraft's respective crews. This list also includes the ISS' crews referenced in the previous section. ==Visiting unmanned spacecraft== List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS. Progress supply flights and unmanned automatic docking space station modules. ==Reference== *[http://vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/td9702.pdf ISS Familiarization and Training Manual - NASA July 1998 (PDF format)] *[http://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/isstodate.html Current ISS Vital Statistics] ==External links== * [http://www.energia.ru/english/energia/iss/iss.html International Space Station — Energia site] * [http://www.esa.int/esaHS/iss.html International Space Station — ESA site] * [http://www.jaxa.jp/missions/projects/iss_human/index_e.html International Space Station — JAXA site] * [http://www.aeb.gov.br/ International Space Station — AEB site] * [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ International Space Station — NASA site] * [http://stream1.euronews.net:8080/ramgen/mag/space-issquovadis-en.rm?usehostname International Space Station — EuroNews report (Real player video stream)] * [http://www.astronautix.com/craft/intation.htm International Space Station] from Encyclopedia Astronautica * http://spd.nasa.gov/ * [http://spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.Projects/Human.Exploration.and.Development.of.Space/Space.Product.Development/.index.html Spacelink — Space Product Development] * [http://www.planetarysociety.org/ The Planetary Society] * http://www.seds.org/pub/seds/National/misc/why-space * [http://esa.heavens-above.com/esa/iss_step1.asp See the ISS from your home town] * [http://www.heavens-above.com/ Heavens Above] — locate ISS, and find when to view it, from any location. * [http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/future/index.html NASA Human Spaceflight - ISS Assembly Sequence webpage] * [http://www.sworld.com.au/steven/space/shuttle/manifest.txt Unofficial Shuttle Launch Manifest] ==See also== *Space station for statistics of occupied space stations *Salyut *Skylab *Mir *International Space Station (Orbiter sim) of ISS in Orbiter (sim) space flight flight_simulator
| Previous Russian Space Station: Mir |
International Space Station | Previous U.S. Space Station: Skylab |
International Space Station
== List of visitors == Is this in any particular order? Would someone mind ordering it chronologically if not? User:MrJones 15:23, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC) :I tentatively removed the list, on the thoughts that 1) it's not very useful; 2) it's visually horrendous, and 3) all of the information is duplicated at List of human spaceflights. - User:Seth Ilys 15:28, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC) == Criticism of the Project or Non-sequitir? == ''There are many critics who argue that the $100 billion USD would be better spent providing food and clean water for the 24,000 people who die every day on Earth from malnutrition and starvation.'' This is a non sequitur with regards to the ISS in particular, in that it could be applied to ''any'' expenditure. It is also a piece of rhetoric and advocacy, not a neutral ''description'' of criticism of the ISS. --User:Fubar Obfusco :No, the ISS is a particularly heavily criticized boondoggle, and the space program in general has been criticized in this way since it's beginnings. It is also an absolutely neutral factual statement. It is hardly a 'non sequitur' - look at the article on particle physics where similar statements are made and properly balanced. Anything that spents tens of billions of dollars and gives back no clear benefit to the people that are taxed to pay for it is subject to this kind of general criticism - it's a matter of scale. :Also, if you want to read 'rhetoric' and 'advocacy', just read the article on Wikipedia itself. It's a mess that basically promotes the hell out of itself. That error should not be carried over into all discussions of the ways science and technology are supposed to be useful to us 'eventually' (even if we died waiting). See scientism. Disappointed that my famine sentence has been removed - it was factual and restored some neutrality to the page which I thought had a pro-exploration bias. While I agree that the argument could be applied to any expenditure, it is particularly pertinent to the space station - 24,000 people die every day from hunger on Earth and spending that much so that a few dozen humans can spend some time in a high-tech tin can seems to symbolise the poor sense of reality many scientists have developed. I'm not against space exploration or science - just think that we should address problems on Earth first. As for the statement being rhetoric and advocacy - I'm sure the starving millions would disagree if they had the resources to. And given that someone dies from hunger every 3.6 seconds, I don't think they would think much of the argument that the space station will bring benefits in the longer term. :The starving millions are not starving because of the ISS, and it is completely unfair to single it out. Leaving aside the argument as to whether it's lack of aid or, as seems to be the case depressingly often, war and corruption, that is responsible for world hunger, there are innumerable other places of arguably less long-term value where funding could be found from. Why not argue that, say, funding for opera, sports, or national parks, should be cut to pay for aid? --User:Robert Merkel Especially "profesional" or commercial sports (like paying ridicuols salaries to players), or the entertainment industry. We spend a LOT more on those, they have fewer benefits if any. User:Mir 06:00, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Excessive political correctness? == While I am all against discrimatory(?) language, isn't the latest change to ''crewed'' (from ''manned'', as in ''manned spaceflight'') a bit overzealous? As far as I know, ''manned spaceflight'' carries a bit more implications than just ''not-woman''. ''Crewed spaceflight'' somehow doesn't sound right in my ears --User:UsagiYojimbo Hmm, the contributions of Europe and Japan seem to be somewhat downplayed in this article. The most important criticism of the space station is that it actually is rather scaled back. All the people will be doing is research. The whole *point* of having a permanently manned space station has always been to also be able to do in-space construction! In the long run, if you want to see people living in space, you're going to need to expand the capabilities of the space station by quite a bit. == Request for statistics and other numbers == How fast does it travel? How long does it take to orbit the earth? -- User:Tarquin 14:22, 2 Nov 2003 (UTC) == laser brooms == The cited articles mention that laser brooms will be kept low power to avoid even inadvertently infringing on treaties against deploying weapons in space. Their purpose is to clear away "space junk" which can threaten the space station due to extremely high-speed collisions. Plautus however, begins his edit with phrasing similar to "it has been proposed to install weapons on the space station". An outright distortion. :By the way, it is not a distortion to present this as a weapons system. The tests will be low-powered, but the final system will be capable of vaporizing targets in space (or on the ground via mirrors). But more about this elsewhere, I have a contribution to write. - User:Plautus satire 01:17, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) Plautus has done this several times before. He is bluffing by presenting an external link and hoping that no one will actually click and read the linked article. - User:Curps 00:55, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) :I didn't mean to post a misleading article, I misread the article in my haste, I thought they were doing ground tests of a space-based system, since they talk about the ISS. My mistake, I'm sorry about that, I wasn't trying to deceive anyone. - User:Plautus satire 01:17, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) There is no point in rewriting Plautus's text about laser brooms in a more NPOV fashion because it is entirely superfluous detail. One might as well write about the space station's solar panels, life-support systems, zero-gravity toilets or any of the hundreds and hundreds of other much more key subsystems on board, and make the article ten times as long. Plautus's purpose in introducing this text about laser brooms of all things is purely in support of his conspiracy theories (eg, the Hubble space telescope is really a spy telescope). It deserves removal on grounds of marginal relevance even if he had written it in an NPOV way. A separate laser broom page is the place to put this material. - User:Curps 01:02, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) :This is true, I'm sorry I was so persistent trying to get this in there, I admit I was wrong. - User:Plautus satire 01:17, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) It gets even better. Rereading the two articles cited by Plautus [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Space_Station&oldid=2529976 his original edit]... this is a ground-based system that won't even be installed on the space station. - User:Curps 01:10, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) Ouch. I guess I have to bite the bullet and admit I was wrong here. This is another lesson about posting in haste. I'll try to learn from this. Thanks for catching this error, this "laser broom" deserves an entry all its own. - User:Plautus satire 01:14, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) :I'll also apologize for not giving you the benefit of the doubt, Curps, I thought you were still watchdogging some of my topics as per the orders on the ban plautus pages (so I assumed the worst - User:Plautus satire 01:19, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC)). - User:Plautus satire 01:18, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) Hey, MyRedDice, thanks for turning my bungled edition into something that I for one appreciate. I think this deserves a mention, but I didn't feel it was my place after my recent blunder. - User:Plautus satire 01:28, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) : Thanks Plautus. Perhaps you could help us improve the laser broom article, which is currently quite a short stub? User:MyRedDice 01:31, 26 Feb 2004 (UTC) ==First ever spacewalk with whole crew== While NASA says "the first ever two-man spacewalk without a crewmember inside" [http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/workinginspace/ex8_spacewalk.html], that's misleading because Soyuz 26 had both of its crew outside, transferring from one vehicle to another and the NASA wording gives the impression that it was first ever rather than only first for ISS. User:Jamesday 02:32, 29 Feb 2004 (UTC) == List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS == Does anyone have suitable knowledge and/or access to information to make a List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS? I think it's rather a good idea to make one. User:Ropers 18:26, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC) :I have added such a list. It mostly consists of Progress cargo flights. User:Reubenbarton 16:10, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC) ==Ready to be nominated for feature article?== This article has improved from head-to-toe since I last saw it. Is it ready to be Wikipedia:Featured article candidates? User:Astudent 13:20, 2004 Sep 21 (UTC) *Um... I don't think so yet... "ISS Spacewalks", "Visiting manned spacecraft and crews" and "Visiting unmanned spacecraft" needs a summary first. --User:Andylkl 15:28, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) == list of foregin modules delivered to NASA == :Is node2 already delivered to NASA and is ready for launch? :Is Cupola delivered to NASA ? if not, what is the progress and expectations :Are japanese modules are delivered to NASA ? :is russian SPP is delivered to NASA? :etc. - I have seen somewhere such a list, but can't remember where... :also maybe this information about the status of the individual modules should be added to their respective pages and not in a merged list... == count, places, capabilities of docking locations == Can someone try to count and locate the various docking ports of the current (and future) ISS configuration? :three PMAs for Shuttle / HIIs :some docking locations for Soyous/Progress/ATV on Zarya, Zvezda, Pris, UDM, etc. :one airlock with russian spacesuits, one with both russian and american (are there REALY russian spacesuits in the Quest airlock, or it is only POSSIBLE to use them from there) == Soyouz and Progress flights, brought from NASA == count of Soyouz and Progress flights that NASA has brought from Russia - so we can see how much more are left... This should be stated somewhere in the foundation treatry and/or later annexes... == ISS Secret? == How come we never seem to see the space station on TV or hear about it on the radio or read about it in the papers? Most of the worlds biggest economies are pumping $100 billion into this project and you would think that the goings on up there would be mentioned in the popular mainstream media. It's as though the thing were a secret. Holden 27 *OK, two guys spinning about the Earth once every 90 minutes. Very newsworthy. Especially considering that all they seem to do up there is take up space. A 2-man ISS is worthless scientifically and practically. The only point in having them up there has been to maintain "a continuous presence" in space. Consequently, you're lucky if the major media outlets report the crew changes and major crises abord the station. And some of them do. I don't see where you're coming from. --User:Alexwcovington 10:42, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Well if you have Dish Network or DirecTV (I don't know about Bell ExpressVu) you can watch NASA TV and they have ISS Mission coverage everyday and most of the time the astornauts scheduals seem quite full and busy. As busy as a 2 person crew can get. But I do think that they should increase the crew to 3 as soon as the space shuttle program is running again. Anyway with news stations focused on more "exciting" issuses like Oil for Food program, 2003 Invasion of Iraq, to anything else they think will grab there attention (basically anything with shock value). People don't seem to be that interested in the ISS when the news comes in with there shock stories, scandals, and there ocassional human interest story(aka Pre-recorded time filler). --User:Silver86 01:48, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Purpose of the ISS == It seems like this section doesn't cover the purpose of the ISS as much as a discussion regarding cost/benefit. Isn't the actual purpose to carry out scientific research in many areas, and to prepare for future missions into deep space? And shouldn't things like that go in the section about the purpose, and cost/benefit into another section?
International Space Station
Big Science Manned spacecraft Space stations
International space station
#REDIRECT International Space Station
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I
IA | IB | IC | ID | IE | IF | IG | IH | IJ | IK | IL | IM | IN | IO | IP | IR | IS | IT | IU | IW | IX | IY | IZ |Words begining with International_Space_Station:
International_Space_Station
International_Space_Station
International_Space_Station
International_space_station
International_Space_Station_(Orbiter_sim)
International_Space_Station_(Orbiter_sim)
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