
Innovation is the introduction of new ideas, goods, services, and practices which are intended to be useful (though a number of unsuccessful innovations can be found throughout history). The main driver for innovation is often the courage and energy to better the world. An essential element for innovation is its application in a commercially successful way. Innovation has punctuated and changed human history (consider the development of electricity, steam engines, motor vehicles, et al). Economic planners now tout innovation as the route to technological fixes to the crises of capitalism (for instance, achieving environmental sustainability and cleaning up damage), and it is a central element of many policies to increase competitiveness at corporate and national levels. Diffusion of innovations theory, the way in which innovations get accepted by new groups of consumers, was pioneered by Everett Rogers, who drew from early studies by Gabriel Tarde. A powerful approach to understanding and addressing the challenges to successfully bringing innovations to market in modern highly inter-connected and networked markets was pioneered by Bhaskar Chakravorti in his book "The Slow Pace of Fast Change" [http://www.slowpacefastchange.com](see reference below). ==Supply-pushed or demand-led== Whether innovation is mainly supply-pushed (based on new technological possibilities) or demand-led (based on social needs and market requirements) has been a hotly debated topic. One point of view is that "recognition of demand is a more frequent factor in successful innovation than recognition of technical potential." (Marquis 1969) ==Innovation in business== Innovation in business is achieved in many ways, with much attention now given to formal research and development for "breakthrough innovations." But innovations may be developed by less formal on-the-job modifications of practice, through exchange and combination of professional experience and by many other routes. The more radical and revolutionary innovations tend to stem from R&D, while more incremental innovations may emerge from practice - but there are many exceptions to each of these trends. ==Non-technological== Innovation need not be technological. For example, when McDonald's Corporation applied the production line concept to producing restaurant food, it could use low-skilled workers to produce large amounts of food of a standard quality, quickly - thus inventing the fast food industry. Today this could be covered by a US Business Method Patent even though there is no technological novelty. ==TRIZ - Theory of inventive problem solving== Innovation might be enhanced by following specific theories and practices such as TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem solving. :''"(Innovation is) an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption."'' - Everett M. Rogers, 1995 :''"Innovation is the sequence of activities by which a new element is introduced into a social unit, with the intention of benefiting the unit, some part of it, or the wider society. The element need not to be entirely novel or unfamiliar to members of the unit, but it must involve some discernable change or challenge of the status quo."'' - Michael A. West; James L. Farr, 1990 ==Innovation according to Regis Cabral== Innovation, according to Regis Cabral, for a particular network is a new element introduced in the network which changes, even if momentarily, the costs of transactions between at least two actors, elements or nodes, in the network. Sources: Cabral, R. (1998) ‘Refining the Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm’, Int. J. Technology Management, Vol. 16, pp. 813-818; Cabral, R. (2003) ‘Development, Science and’ in Heilbron, J. (ed.), The Oxford Companion to The History of Modern Science, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 205-207. ==Innovation in an organization== The creation and development of creative ideas is of great importance for innovative firms. As Amabile et al. (1996) state: :''"All innovation begins with creative ideas…creativity by individuals and teams is a starting point for innovation; the first is necessary but not sufficient condition for the second". (p. 1154-1155).'' As like other researchers (e.g. Stein, 1974; Woodman, Sawyer, & Griffin, 1993) Amabile et al. define creativity as the production of novel and useful ideas in any domain (p.1155). Creativity is seen as the basis for innovation and so they define innovation as the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization (p.1155) ==See also== * Creative destruction * Diffusion of innovations * diffusion (anthropology) * Individual capital * Induced innovation * Ingenuity * Intellectual property * Technology adoption * Timeline of invention ==References== *Amabile, T.M. (1996) Creativity in context. New York: Westview Press. *Stein, M.I. 1974. Stimulating creativity, vol. 1. New York: Academic Press. *Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E., & Griffin, R.W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18: 293-321. "Chakravorti, B. (2003) The Slow Pace of Fast Change: Bringing Innovations to Market in a Connected World. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. ==External links== * [http://www.slowpacefastchange.com Frameworks, books, articles and case studies on developing strategies for bringing innovations to market] * [http://www.managementlogs.com/corporate_innovation.html Corporate Innovation Forum], Discussion Weblog on Innovation. * Roger Smith, [http://www.ctonet.org/documents/InnovationCentricCompany.pdf The Innovation-centric Company], CTO Network Library, 2005. * Roger Smith, [http://www.ctonet.org/documents/CTOinnovation.pdf The CTO and Innovation], CTO Network Library, 2005. * [http://samvak.tripod.com/pp155.html Innovation, disruptive technologies and capitalism] * Supporting grassroots innovations [http://www.lramp.org Lemelson - Recognition and Mentoring Programme], a pilot programme in Tamilnadu, India Innovation
Removed from article: :This is considered by many to be simply technological escalation, and akin to technocracy and even militarism. I'd like to see a source for this, in particular because the phrase "by many" is doubtful. Instead of "by many", I'd like to see ''exactly who''. -- User:Cyan 23:19, 28 Oct 2003 (UTC) ---- Does the definition of an innovation require a commercial success for an innovator? If Bell had invented two-way mind reading, resulting in zero telephone sales and zero subscription sales for the Bell company, would that have been a wonderful invention but a lousy innovation? * Everett Rogers, who pioneered Diffusion of Innovation theory, said that an innovation is any concept or thing that is new to a culture. It doesn't even matter if the concept/thing has existed for centuries -- it is an innovation if it is new to the people who encounter it. Many innovations fail because people do not adopt them. If you look at the brief article on Diffusion of Innovations theory, you can find the factors that affect likelihood of adoption. --User:Westendgirl 06:41, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC) * So then what is the difference between innovation and invention? --User:MaxB 21:58, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ----- One of the intersting things with the Cabral definition of innovation is that the transaction costs are not necessarily commercial or monetaristic. If you reduce your emotional costs due to a new element in your life, you got an innovation, even if there was no money involved. -----
Innovation is the use of new ideas, processes, goods, services, and practices in a more or less commercial way, based on the (new) application of science and/or technology. Technology
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Innovation:
Innovation
Innovation
Innovation
Innovations
Innovations_in_the_Piano
Innovations_in_the_piano
Innovation_and_Incentives
Innovation_and_its_Discontents
Innovation_journalism
Innovation_journalism
Innovation_system
Innovation
Innovation is the introduction of new ideas, goods, services, and practices which are intended to be useful (though a number of unsuccessful innovations can be found throughout history). The main driver for innovation is often the courage and energy to better the world. An essential element for innovation is its application in a commercially successful way. Innovation has punctuated and changed human history (consider the development of electricity, steam engines, motor vehicles, et al). Economic planners now tout innovation as the route to technological fixes to the crises of capitalism (for instance, achieving environmental sustainability and cleaning up damage), and it is a central element of many policies to increase competitiveness at corporate and national levels. Diffusion of innovations theory, the way in which innovations get accepted by new groups of consumers, was pioneered by Everett Rogers, who drew from early studies by Gabriel Tarde. A powerful approach to understanding and addressing the challenges to successfully bringing innovations to market in modern highly inter-connected and networked markets was pioneered by Bhaskar Chakravorti in his book "The Slow Pace of Fast Change" [http://www.slowpacefastchange.com](see reference below). ==Supply-pushed or demand-led== Whether innovation is mainly supply-pushed (based on new technological possibilities) or demand-led (based on social needs and market requirements) has been a hotly debated topic. One point of view is that "recognition of demand is a more frequent factor in successful innovation than recognition of technical potential." (Marquis 1969) ==Innovation in business== Innovation in business is achieved in many ways, with much attention now given to formal research and development for "breakthrough innovations." But innovations may be developed by less formal on-the-job modifications of practice, through exchange and combination of professional experience and by many other routes. The more radical and revolutionary innovations tend to stem from R&D, while more incremental innovations may emerge from practice - but there are many exceptions to each of these trends. ==Non-technological== Innovation need not be technological. For example, when McDonald's Corporation applied the production line concept to producing restaurant food, it could use low-skilled workers to produce large amounts of food of a standard quality, quickly - thus inventing the fast food industry. Today this could be covered by a US Business Method Patent even though there is no technological novelty. ==TRIZ - Theory of inventive problem solving== Innovation might be enhanced by following specific theories and practices such as TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem solving. :''"(Innovation is) an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption."'' - Everett M. Rogers, 1995 :''"Innovation is the sequence of activities by which a new element is introduced into a social unit, with the intention of benefiting the unit, some part of it, or the wider society. The element need not to be entirely novel or unfamiliar to members of the unit, but it must involve some discernable change or challenge of the status quo."'' - Michael A. West; James L. Farr, 1990 ==Innovation according to Regis Cabral== Innovation, according to Regis Cabral, for a particular network is a new element introduced in the network which changes, even if momentarily, the costs of transactions between at least two actors, elements or nodes, in the network. Sources: Cabral, R. (1998) ‘Refining the Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm’, Int. J. Technology Management, Vol. 16, pp. 813-818; Cabral, R. (2003) ‘Development, Science and’ in Heilbron, J. (ed.), The Oxford Companion to The History of Modern Science, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 205-207. ==Innovation in an organization== The creation and development of creative ideas is of great importance for innovative firms. As Amabile et al. (1996) state: :''"All innovation begins with creative ideas…creativity by individuals and teams is a starting point for innovation; the first is necessary but not sufficient condition for the second". (p. 1154-1155).'' As like other researchers (e.g. Stein, 1974; Woodman, Sawyer, & Griffin, 1993) Amabile et al. define creativity as the production of novel and useful ideas in any domain (p.1155). Creativity is seen as the basis for innovation and so they define innovation as the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization (p.1155) ==See also== * Creative destruction * Diffusion of innovations * diffusion (anthropology) * Individual capital * Induced innovation * Ingenuity * Intellectual property * Technology adoption * Timeline of invention ==References== *Amabile, T.M. (1996) Creativity in context. New York: Westview Press. *Stein, M.I. 1974. Stimulating creativity, vol. 1. New York: Academic Press. *Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E., & Griffin, R.W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18: 293-321. "Chakravorti, B. (2003) The Slow Pace of Fast Change: Bringing Innovations to Market in a Connected World. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. ==External links== * [http://www.slowpacefastchange.com Frameworks, books, articles and case studies on developing strategies for bringing innovations to market] * [http://www.managementlogs.com/corporate_innovation.html Corporate Innovation Forum], Discussion Weblog on Innovation. * Roger Smith, [http://www.ctonet.org/documents/InnovationCentricCompany.pdf The Innovation-centric Company], CTO Network Library, 2005. * Roger Smith, [http://www.ctonet.org/documents/CTOinnovation.pdf The CTO and Innovation], CTO Network Library, 2005. * [http://samvak.tripod.com/pp155.html Innovation, disruptive technologies and capitalism] * Supporting grassroots innovations [http://www.lramp.org Lemelson - Recognition and Mentoring Programme], a pilot programme in Tamilnadu, India Innovation
Innovation
Removed from article: :This is considered by many to be simply technological escalation, and akin to technocracy and even militarism. I'd like to see a source for this, in particular because the phrase "by many" is doubtful. Instead of "by many", I'd like to see ''exactly who''. -- User:Cyan 23:19, 28 Oct 2003 (UTC) ---- Does the definition of an innovation require a commercial success for an innovator? If Bell had invented two-way mind reading, resulting in zero telephone sales and zero subscription sales for the Bell company, would that have been a wonderful invention but a lousy innovation? * Everett Rogers, who pioneered Diffusion of Innovation theory, said that an innovation is any concept or thing that is new to a culture. It doesn't even matter if the concept/thing has existed for centuries -- it is an innovation if it is new to the people who encounter it. Many innovations fail because people do not adopt them. If you look at the brief article on Diffusion of Innovations theory, you can find the factors that affect likelihood of adoption. --User:Westendgirl 06:41, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC) * So then what is the difference between innovation and invention? --User:MaxB 21:58, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ----- One of the intersting things with the Cabral definition of innovation is that the transaction costs are not necessarily commercial or monetaristic. If you reduce your emotional costs due to a new element in your life, you got an innovation, even if there was no money involved. -----
Innovation
Innovation is the use of new ideas, processes, goods, services, and practices in a more or less commercial way, based on the (new) application of science and/or technology. Technology
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
I
IA | IB | IC | ID | IE | IF | IG | IH | IJ | IK | IL | IM | IN | IO | IP | IR | IS | IT | IU | IW | IX | IY | IZ |Words begining with Innovation:
Innovation
Innovation
Innovation
Innovations
Innovations_in_the_Piano
Innovations_in_the_piano
Innovation_and_Incentives
Innovation_and_its_Discontents
Innovation_journalism
Innovation_journalism
Innovation_system
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