Inner Mongolia - meaning of word Mongolian languageMongolian:">
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Inner Mongolia



Inner Mongolia (Mongolian language: ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠨᠺᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠺᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ Öbür Mongghul-un Öbertegen Jasaqu Orun; Chinese language: 内蒙古自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū) is an autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China. Inner Mongolia is distinct from Outer Mongolia, which was a term used by the Republic of China and previous governments to refer to what is covered today by the independent nation of Mongolia plus Russia Republic of Tuva. The government of Inner Mongolia uses the name ''öbür mongghul'', or "South (sunny side of mountain) Mongolia", instead of ''dotood mongghul'', which would be the Mongolian translation for "Inner Mongolia". The terms of "Inner/Outer" are derived from Manchu language dorgi/tulergi, which are viewed as Sinocentrism by some Mongols, who prefer to use North/South (aru/öbür) instead. Some Mongolians use the name Southern Mongolia in English language as well. There are independence movements for Inner Mongolia active in the West; these view Han Chinese rule in Inner Mongolia as Chinese imperialism. Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia. It has an area of 1.18 million km² and a population of 23.76 million. The capital is Hohhot. == History == Throughout most of history, various parts of what is now Inner Mongolia alternated in control between Chinese agriculturalists in the south and Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Nurchen, and Mongol nomads of the north. Under the Manchu-dominated Qing dynasty, Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia were both organized into league (Inner Mongolia) and banner (Inner Mongolia). Ordinary Mongols were not allowed to travel outside their own leagues. What is now eastern Inner Mongolia was part of Manchuria, and administered with the rest of Manchuria by Manchu officials. While there had been Chinese farmers in what is now Inner Mongolia since the time of Altan Khan, mass settlement began in the late nineteenth century. Faced with the Russian threat, and because the Manchus were becoming increasingly sinicized, the Qing dynasty encourageed Chinese farmers to settle in both Mongolia and Manchuria. This policy has been followed by virtualy every subsequent government. The railroads that were being built in these regions were especially useful to the Chinese settlers. Land was either sold by Mongol Princes, or leased to Chinese farmers, or simply taken away from the nomads and given to Chinese farmers. During the Republic of China era, Outer Mongolia, with Russian support, passed out of Chinese control. At the same time, Inner Mongolia was subdivided among various provinces, such as Rehe, Chahar (province), Suiyuan, and Ningxia. Some maps in Taiwan still show the pre-1949 structure. Present-day eastern Inner Mongolia, then part of Manchuria, came under the control of the Japanese puppet state Manchukuo in 1931, and was administered thus until the end of the war in 1945. In 1937, open war broke out between China and Japan. On December 8 1937, Mongolian Prince De Wang declared the independence of Inner Mongolia (except the parts already in Manchukuo) as Mengjiang or Mengkukuo and signed close agreements with Manchukuo and Japan, thereby turning Inner Mongolia to a puppet of the Japanese Empire. The capital was established at Chan Pei, near Zhangjiakou, with the puppet government's control extending around Hohhot. In August 1945, Mengkiang was taken by Soviet and Outer Mongolian troops during Operation August Storm. Following the end of World War II, the Communist Party of China took over most of Manchuria with Soviet support, and established the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947 following Soviet Union nationalities policy, out of the parts of Manchuria with Mongol populations (i.e. the part that was formerly in Manchukuo). This included just the eastern section of the present-day region; other areas were added later from other provinces as all of China gradually came under Communist control. Eventually, near all areas with sizeable Mongol populations were incorporated into the region, giving present-day Inner Mongolia its elongated shape. == Geography == [[Image:Grasslands-menggu.JPG|thumb|A grassland of Inner Mongolia]] Most of Inner Mongolia consists of high plateaus. The Daxing'an Mountains (Greater Khingan) cover much of the eastern parts, while the Yinshan Mountains and Langshan Mountains are found in the central regions. The Gobi Desert extends just north of the border with Mongolia. Other deserts include the Mu Us Desert and Hobq Desert, south of the bend in the Yellow River, and the Badain Jaran Desert in the west. The peak of Mount Helan, part of the Helan Mountains along the border with Ningxia, is the highest point in the region with an altitude of 3556 m. Much of the eastern part of Inner Mongolia is part of the watersheds of the Amur and Liao Rivers; the central region is crossed by the Yellow River (Huang He), which turns north into Inner Mongolia, passes near major cities like Hohhot and Baotou, before flowing back south. The rest of the region is not part of any oceanic watershed. In general, the climate of Inner Mongolia is Continental climate, with long winters and sharp temperature changes in spring and fall. In recent years, Desertification has become a major environmental problem in Inner Mongolia. Major cities: * Hohhot * Baotou * Wuhai * Chifeng * Tongliao == Administrative divisions == Inner Mongolia is divided into 12 Political divisions of China#Prefecture-level, including 9 prefecture-level cities and 3 league (Inner Mongolia). The nine prefecture-level cities are: * Hohhot (呼和浩特市 Hanyu Pinyin: Hūhéhàotè shì) * Baotou (包头市 Bāotóu shì) * Wuhai (乌海市 Wūhǎi shì) * Chifeng (赤峰市 Chìfēng shì) * Tongliao (通辽市 Tōngliáo shì) * Ordos City (鄂尔多斯市 È'ěrduōsī shì) * Hulunbuir (呼伦贝尔市 Hūlúnbèi'ěr shì) * Baynnur (巴彦淖尔市 Bāyànnào'ěr shì) * Ulaan Chab (乌兰察布市 Wūlánchábù shì) The three league (Inner Mongolia) are: * Xilin Gol League (锡林郭勒盟 Xīlínguōlè méng) * Alxa League (阿拉善盟 Ālāshàn méng) * Xing'an League (兴安盟 Xīng'ān méng) Many of the prefecture-level cities were converted very recently from league (Inner Mongolia). See League (Inner Mongolia) for more information. The 12 Political divisions of China#Prefecture-level of Inner Mongolia are subdivided into 101 Political divisions of China#County-level, including 21 District of Chinas, 11 county-level cities, 17 County of China, 49 banner (Inner Mongolia), and 3 autonomous banners. Those are in turn divided into 1425 Political divisions of China#Township-level, including 532 town of Chinas, 407 township of Chinas, 277 sumu, 18 ethnic townships, 1 ethnic sumu, and 190 subdistricts. See List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia for a complete list of Political divisions of China#County-level. == Economy == Farming of crops such as wheat takes precedence along the river valleys. In the more arid grasslands, herding of goats, sheep and so on is a traditional method of subsistence. Forestry and hunting are somewhat important in the Da-Xingan (Greater Khingan) ranges in the east. Reindeer herding is carried out by Evenks in the Evenk Political_divisions_of China#Levels. Inner Mongolia has more deposits of naturally-occurring niobium, zirconium and beryllium than any other province-level region in China. There are also coal deposits. Industry in Inner Mongolia has grown up mainly around coal, power generation, forestry-related industries, and so forth. The nominal GDP of Inner Mongolia in 2003 was 215 billion RMB (25.9 billion USD), with a per capita income of 9037 RMB (1091 USD). == Demographics == Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group, followed by the Mongols, with the Mongols concentrated mainly on the grasslands and the Han along the river valleys. Other ethnic groups include the Daur, the Evenks, the Oroqin, the Hui people, the Manchus, and the Koreans. See List of Chinese ethnic groups. == Culture == The Mongols of Inner Mongolia speak Mongolian language. The Daur, Evenks, and Oroqin speak their own respective languages. Han Chinese of the eastern parts speak dialects of Mandarin (linguistics), while those in the central parts, such as the Huang He valley, speak varieties of Jin (linguistics), another subdivision of Chinese.
(Jinyu is sometimes classified as a subdivision of Mandarin. For more information, see Chinese spoken language.) The Mongols of Inner Mongolia practice many traditional forms of art. See also: Culture of Mongolia, Music of Mongolia. Among the Han Chinese of Inner Mongolia, Jinju or Shanxi Opera is a popular traditional form of entertainment. See also: Shanxi. Siqin Gaowa, a famous actress of China, is an ethnic Mongol native to Inner Mongolia. == Tourism == In the capital city Hohhot: Dazhao Temple is a Lamaism temple built in 1580. Dazhao Temple is known for three sites: a statue of Buddha made from silver, elaborate carvings of dragons, and murals. Xiaozhao Temple, also known as Chongfu temple, is a Lamaism temple built in 1697 and favoured by the Qing Dynasty emperor Kangxi. Xilituzhao Temple is the largest Lamaism temple in the Hohhot area, and once the center of power of Lamaism in the region. Zhaojun Tomb is the tomb of Wang Zhaojun, a Han Dynasty palace woman and wife of a Hun ruler. Elsewhere in Inner Mongolia: The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, the cenotaph of Genghis Khan, is located in Ordos City. Bashang Grasslands, on the border close to Beijing, is a popular retreat for urban residents wanting to get a taste of grasslands life. == Miscellaneous topics == ===Colleges and universities=== * Inner Mongolia University (内蒙古大学) * Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (内蒙古民族大学) * Inner Mongolia University of Technology (内蒙古工业大学) * Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (内蒙古农业大学) * Inner Mongolia Normal University (内蒙古师范大学) * Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology (内蒙古科技大学) * Inner Mongolia Medical College (内蒙古医学院) * Inner Mongolia Finance and Economics College (内蒙古财经学院) * Chifeng University (赤峰学院) All of the above are under the authority of the autonomous region government. Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed. == External links == Disputed territories Autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China Inner Mongolia mn:Өвөр-Монголчууд

Inner Mongolia



== Photo == Could somebody reduce the resolution of the photo and re-upload it? It's a little too much... I'd do it myself, but I don't know how (yet)--User:141.54.164.174 23:00, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC) == Disputed territory? == In what way is Inner Mongolia a :category:Disputed territories? Is it claimed by the state of Mongolia? — User:InstantnoodUser_talk:Instantnood 18:13, Jan 29 2005 (UTC) :There is an independence movement. -- User:Ran (User talk:Ran) 23:39, Jan 29, 2005 (UTC) Thank you. — User:InstantnoodUser_talk:Instantnood 08:31, Jan 31 2005 (UTC) Is [http://www.innermongolia.org this] the one you referred to? — User:InstantnoodUser talk:Instantnood 20:39, Feb 7, 2005 (UTC) :Yep. And there are others on the net too IIRC -- User:Ran (User talk:Ran) 15:26, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC) == Mongolian name == Does anybody know what the source of the mongolian name is? I cannot find any encoding on my PC that doesn't show the mongolian characters as question marks. I've installed all possible language packs I could find in Windows XP, SP2. Chinese, Japanse and Tibetan all displays correct. User:CyeZ 07:43, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) You need a font that displays Mongolian letters... they are in Unicode and should display as long as you have a font that supports them. (Try using Firefox too, since IE has trouble finding the right font.) -- User:Ran (User talk:Ran) 15:47, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

Inner Mongolia



Autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China

Inner Mongolia




{| align="center" class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | align="center" | Political divisions of China#Prefecture level of Inner Mongolia {| | align="right" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" | Prefecture-level cities: | style=\"font-size: 90%;\" | Baotou | Baynnur | Chifeng | Hohhot | Hulunbuir
Ordos City | Tongliao | Ulaan Chab | Wuhai |- | align=\"right\" style=\"font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;\" |
League (Inner Mongolia)s: | style="font-size: 90%;" | Alxa League | Xilin Gol League | Xing'an League |} |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | align="center" style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: top;" |List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia |} Prefecture-level divisions of Inner Mongolia


See other meanings of words starting from letter:

I

IA | IB | IC | ID | IE | IF | IG | IH | IJ | IK | IL | IM | IN | IO | IP | IR | IS | IT | IU | IW | IX | IY | IZ |

Words begining with Inner_Mongolia:

Inner-Mongolia
Inner_Mongolia
Inner_Mongolia
Inner_Mongolia
Inner_Mongolia
Inner_Mongolian
Inner_Mongolian_Autonomous_Region
Inner_Mongolian_music
Inner_Mongolian_People's_Party
Inner_Mongolian_People's_Party
Inner_Mongolia_Agricultural_University
Inner_Mongolia_Autonomous_Region
Inner_Mongolia_Finance_and_Economics_College
Inner_Mongolia_Medical_College
Inner_Mongolia_Normal_University
Inner_Mongolia_University
Inner_Mongolia_University_for_Nationalities
Inner_Mongolia_University_of_Science_and_Technology
Inner_Mongolia_University_of_Technology


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