Ice Hockey

#REDIRECT Ice_hockey

Ice hockey

Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in Canada and the United States, is a team sport played on ice. It is one of the world's fastest sports, with players on skates capable of going high speeds on natural or artificial ice surfaces. == Game == Ice hockey is played on a ''hockey rink'' by six players per side, each of whom is on ''ice skates''. The objective of the game is to score ''goal (ice hockey)'' by playing a hard Vulcanization rubber disc, the ''hockey puck'', into the opponent's goal net, which is placed at the opposite end of the rink. The players may control the puck using a long Hockey stick with a blade that is commonly curved at one end. Players may also redirect the puck with any part of their bodies, subject to certain restrictions. One of the six players is typically a ''goaltender'', whose primary job is to stop the puck from entering the net, and who is permitted unique gear towards that end. The other five players are divided into three forwards and two defensemen. The Forward (ice hockey) positions are named ''left wing'', ''center'' and ''right wing''. Forwards often play togther as units or ''lines'', with the same three forwards always playing together. The Defenceman (ice hockey) usually stay together as a pair, but may change less frequently than the forwards. A substitution of an entire unit at once is called a ''line change''. Substitutions are permitted at any time during the course of the game, although during a stoppage of play the home team is permitted the final change. When players are substituted during play, it is called changing ''on the fly''. The boards surrounding the ice help keep the puck in play, and play often proceeds for minutes without interruption. When play is stopped, it is restarted with a ''faceoff''. There are two rules of play in ice hockey that limit the movement of the puck: ''Offside (ice hockey)'' and ''Icing (ice hockey)''. In most competitive leagues, each team may carry at most 23 players on its game roster, two of whom are typically goaltenders. North American professional leagues restrict the total number of skaters to 18 or fewer. The remaining characteristics of the game often depend on the particular Ice hockey rules being used. The two most important codes are those of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and of the North American National Hockey League (NHL), often considered the world's top professional league. North American amateur hockey codes, such as those of Hockey Canada and USA Hockey, tend to be a hybrid of the NHL and IIHF codes, while professional rules generally follow those of the NHL. ==Penalties== A typical game of ice hockey has two to four ''Official (ice hockey)s'' on the ice charged with enforcing the rules of the game. There are typically two ''linesmen'', who are responsible only for calling offside and icing violations, and one or two ''referees'', who call goals and all other penalties. In men's hockey, but not in women's, a player may use his hip or shoulder to hit another player if the player has the puck or has just passed it. This use of the hip and shoulder is called ''body Checking (ice hockey).'' Not all physical contact is legal -- in particular, most stick-on-body contact is illegal -- as there are many infractions that a player may be assessed a ''Penalty (ice hockey)'' for. The offending player is sent to the ''penalty box'' and his team has to play without him for a short amount of time, giving the other team what is popularly termed a ''power play'' for either two, five, or rarely, ten minutes. A two-minute ''minor penalty'' is often called for lesser infractions such as tripping, hooking, or cross-checking. These penalties end either when the time runs out or the other team scores on the power play. Five-minute ''major penalties'' are called for fighting, boarding, and other violent infractions. The rare ten-minute ''match penalties'' are assessed for deliberately inflicting injury on an opponent. Major and match penalties are always served in full: they do not terminate on a goal. A player who was fouled on a ''Breakaway (ice hockey)'' – when there are no defenders except the goaltender between him and the opponent's goal – is awarded a ''Penalty shot (ice hockey)'', an attempt to score without opposition from any defenders except the goaltender. Officials also stop play for puck movement violations, but no players are penalized for these offenses. ==Tactics== An important defensive tactic is ''Checking (hockey)'' – attempting to take the puck from an opponent or to remove the opponent from play. ''Forechecking'' is checking in the other team's zone, ''backchecking'' is checking while the other team is advancing down the ice toward one's own goal; these terms usually are applied to checking by forwards. ''Stick checking'', ''sweep checking'', and ''poke checking'' are legal uses of the stick to obtain possession of the puck. ''Body checking'' is using one's shoulder or hip to strike an opponent who has the puck or who has just passed it. When a player directs the puck towards the opponents' goal he or she is said to Shot (hockey). A ''one-timer'' is a shot which redirects a pass towards the target by striking the puck immediately rather than receiving the pass and shooting in two separate actions. A ''deke'' (short for ''decoy'') is a feint with the body and/or stick to fool a defender or the goalie. ''Headmanning the puck'' is the tactic of rapidly passing to the player farthest down the ice. A team that is losing by one or two goals in the last few minutes of play may elect to ''pull the goalie''; that is, removing the goaltender and replacing him or her with an ''extra attacker'' on the ice in the hope of gaining enough advantage to score a goal. However, this tactic is extremely risky, and as often as not leads to the winning team scoring a goal in the empty net. Although it is officially prohibited in the rules, at the professional level Fighting in hockey are sometimes used to affect morale of the teams with aggressors hoping to demoralize the opposing players while exciting their own teams, as well as settling personal scores. Toronto Maple Leafs owner Conn Smythe famously observed that "If you can't beat 'em in the alley you can't beat 'em on the ice." ==Periods and overtime== A game consists of three ''periods'' of twenty minutes each, the clock running only when the puck is in play. In international play, the teams change ends for the second period, again for the third period, and again after ten minutes of the third period. Various procedures are used if a game is tied. In tournament play, North Americans favour ''sudden death Overtime (ice hockey)'', in which the teams continue to play until a goal is scored. In regular season play in the National Hockey League, the teams play a single five-minute sudden death overtime period, with the added stipulation that each side can play with a maximum of five players (four skaters and a goaltender) on the ice during the overtime. A regular season game that is tied after the overtime ends tied. International play and several North American professional leagues use an overtime period followed by a penalty shootout if the score remains tied after the extra period; the shootout consists of five players from each team taking Penalty shot (ice hockey)s until one team has the preponderance of successful shots, that team being awarded the victory. ==Equipment== The hard surfaces of the ice and boards, pucks flying at high speed, and other players maneuvering (and often intentionally colliding) pose a multitude of inherent safety hazards. Besides skates and Hockey stick, hockey players are usually equipped with an array of safety gear to lessen their risk of serious injury. This usually includes a Hockey_helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, protective gloves, heavily padded pants, a jock protector, neck protector, and shin pads. Goaltenders wear specialized, much bulkier equipment designed to protect them from many direct hits from pucks. Youth and college hockey players are almost always required to wear a mask made from metal wire or transparent plastic attached to their helmet that protects their face during play. Professional and adult players may instead wear a visor that protects only their eyes, or no mask at all; however, some provincial and state legislations require full facial protection at all non-professional levels. Rules regarding visors and face masks are mildly controversial at professional levels, as some players feel that they interfere with their vision or breathing, while others believe that they are a necessary safety precaution. ==History== The history of ice hockey is one of the most contested in all of sports. The Montreal had been traditionally credited with being the birthplace of hockey (although more recent research indicates Kingston, Ontario or Windsor, Nova Scotia instead), but early paintings contest this claim; a 16th century Dutch painting shows a number of townsfolk playing a hockey-like game on a frozen canal. When Great Britain Treaty of Paris (1763) Canada from France in 1763, soldiers used their knowledge of field hockey and the physically aggressive aspects of what the Mi'kmaq aboriginal tribe of Nova Scotia called dehuntshigwa'es (lacrosse). As Canadian winters are long and harsh, new winter sports were always welcomed. Using cheese cutters strapped to their boots, both English language- and French language-speaking Canadians played the game on frozen rivers, lakes, and ponds. Early paintings show hockey being played in Nova Scotia, as well as in the state of Virginia in the United States. On March 3, 1875, the first ever organized indoor game was played in Montreal, as recorded in the Montreal Gazette. In 1877, in order to make some sense of the game, McGill University students, not Jim Creighton, Henry Joseph, Richard F. Smith, W. F. Robertson, W. L. Murray, Frank Patrick, and not NHLer Lester Patrick invented seven ice hockey rules. Having an organized system in place, the game became so popular that it was featured for the first time in Montreal's annual Winter Carnival in 1883. In 1888, the governor-general of Canada, Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby (whose sons were hockey enthusiasts), attended the Carnival and was so impressed with the hockey spectacle that he thought there should be a championship trophy for the best team. The Stanley Cup was first awarded then to the champion amateur team in Canada, and continues to be awarded today to the NHL's championship team. As an interesting historical footnote, one of Lord Stanley's sons was instrumental in instituting ice hockey in the United Kingdom and from there, to Europe at large. By 1893, Winnipeg, Manitoba hockey players incorporated cricket pads to better protect the goaltender's legs. They also introduced the "scoop" shot, later known as the wrist shot. The National Hockey League was formed in November of 1917, when members of the former National Hockey Association were engaged in a dispute with one of their fellow owners over insurance proceeds. The NHA disbanded, and the new league began play in December of that year. On February 16, 2005, the NHL became the first major professional team sport in North America to cancel an entire season because of a labor dispute. ==Women's ice hockey== Ice hockey is one of the fastest growing women's sports in the world, with the number of participants increasing 400 percent in the last 10 years.[http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr-72585e.html] While there are not as many organized leagues for women as there are for men, there exist leagues of all levels, from the National Women's Hockey League to Olympics teams to recreational teams. The chief difference between women's and men's ice hockey is that bodychecking is not allowed in women's ice hockey. After the 1990 Women's World Championship, bodychecking was eliminated because women in many countries do not have the size and mass seen in North American players. Some would argue that women's hockey is a purer form of the sport, since team tactics must rely more on skillful passing and positioning than physical obstruction and intimidation. However, there are many who feel that the relative lack of physical play is a detriment to its popularity among the mainstream hockey public. ==Hockey terminology== ===Statistics=== *Goal (ice hockey) *Assist (hockey) *Plus/minus (hockey) *Save percentage ===Personnel=== *Forward (hockey) *Centre (hockey) *Winger (hockey) *Defenceman (hockey) *Goaltender *Official (ice hockey) *Goal judge *Coach (hockey) *Power forward (hockey) *Captain (ice hockey) ===Rink=== *Hockey rink *Blue line (hockey) *Red line (hockey) *Slot (hockey) *Crease (hockey) *Penalty box ===Game play=== *Faceoff *Boarding (hockey) *Checking (hockey) *One timer *Power play *Shorthanded (hockey) *Five on three *Penalty shot (hockey) *Penalty (ice hockey) *Icing (ice hockey) *Fighting in hockey *Hat trick *Gordie Howe hat trick *Overtime (hockey) *The point (hockey) *Shot (hockey) *Slapshot *Neutral zone trap *Breakaway (hockey) *Deke (Hockey) ===Equipment=== *Hockey stick *Hockey jersey *Goalie mask *Hockey puck *Helmet (hockey)s *Visor (hockey)s *Zamboni *Ice Skates ==See also== *International Ice Hockey Federation World Championships *Ice hockey at the Olympic Games *List of ice hockey leagues *Shinny (an informal type of hockey) == External links == * [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/papr:@FILREQ(@field(TITLE+@od1(Hockey+match+on+the+ice++))+@FIELD(COLLID+workleis)) Movie of hockey in New Jersey, 1898] * [http://hockeydb.com/ North American Statistics Database] * [http://www.eurohockey.net/players/ European Player Statistics Database] * [http://www.hhof.com/index.htm Hockey Hall Of Fame] * [http://www.nhl.com/ National Hockey League] * [http://www.uscho.com/ United State College Hockey Online] * [http://www.exploratorium.edu/hockey/ The Science of Hockey] * [http://www.beerleaguehockey.com/ Beer League Hockey] Country Pages: * [http://www.usahockey.com/ United States of America Hockey] * [http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index2.html Canadian Hockey(French/English)] Thehockeysource.tv The Ultimate Resource in Minor Hockey Ice hockey Olympic sports Hockey Winter sports Team sports Skating lv:Hokejs simple:Ice Hockey

Ice hockey

What about the violence? --User:Robert Merkel 04:34 Jan 9, 2003 (UTC) What about it? -- User:Zoe The violence of hockey and North American football is an important topic, but probably inappropriate for this article. In both sports violence has increased as the amount of protective equipment worn has increased. In hockey requirements that all players wear helmets have led to increases in spinal and eye injuries, as players, thinking that they are better protected, no longer avoid hitting other players head first into the boards and carry the blades of their sticks up around their heads. In the United States eight to ten football players die each year, and head injuries are common. Violent head butting is commonin tackling. The National Football League now has procedures for determining if a player has been concussed. Concussed palyers must leave the game and sit out the next. Ultimately there may have to be some reduction in the violence of these games. About a hundred years ago American football rules were made less violent because large numbers of players were dying. -- Anon. Ummm, i dont think the guy was talking about the simple violence of the sport, but the act of fighting, which ice hockey is notable for, above and beyond all other sports. What about ice hockey causes the players to fight? :They fight because they're allowed to. It's commonly believed it helps players let off steam which might otherwise result in greater violence. The fighting is highly ritualistic as a result -- it's always one-on-one and ended as soon as one player gets the upper hand. Whether it actually is a release is questionable, but compare hockey to baseball, where fighting is not condoned but you end up with beanball contests and eventually with mass brawls in which the players do not pair off but gang up on single players. The NHL has done a good job of stamping out brawls over the past 20 years. And you don't see the spearing and kicking you see in European hockey. User:Jfitzg The NHL now uses procedures similar to the NFL, although they apparently suspend players for shorter times. User:Jfitzg ''In the United States eight to ten football players die each year.'' Do you have a source backing this statement up? I'm curious about this. I follow the sport closely and I am not familiar with this statistic. User:Funnyhat 23:00, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC) ---- On a less controversial subject: should the article be split in twain or more? - if so, exclude me out, for I know not how to accomplish such a task. One natural division would be to separate History of ice hockey into it's own article. But how does one move just a part of an article? User:Cimon avaro 05:24 May 14, 2003 (UTC) :I don't think it should be split in two. The format used for the sports articles now is much like that used in the ''Oxford Companion to Sports and Games'' -- rules followed by history. Keeping them together is the easiest way for people to find them. User:Jfitzg ---- Uh. What did I do? Something funny happened to the last paragrapgh of the article; but what?... I don't know how to fix it. Help? User:Cimon avaro 05:37 May 14, 2003 (UTC) You added an extra space at the start of the last paragraph. If it's indented like that it showed up in monospace. User:Kirjtc2 05:39 May 14, 2003 (UTC) ---- Could someone in the history of ice hockey section talk about neutral zone defense or whatever it was called? Im talking about the tactic I believe introduced in the US in like the mid nineties by the Boston Bruins, which did something where it made the games extremely low scoring and boring but was extremely powerful. This is very interesting insofar as its one of the few times I have seen in sports where a sports team has broken a sort of unspoken honor system which wants to maintain the game at a minimum level of entertainment value for the spectators. :The neutral zone trap was common in my childhood in the 50s, so I don't think any honour system was broken (scores were as low in the 50s as they are now, too). NHL games were high scoring in the 80s because expansion watered down the talent. The NHL had to change the offside rule, for example, because so many players had trouble staying onside. After the communist countries collapsed and their players migrated to the NHL the quality of play improved, the offside rule was restored to its original form, and scores declined. The improvement in goaltending technique in the 90s also has to account for a large part of the decline in scores. It would also be POV to claim that the trap is not entertaining. What I have always liked about hockey is how hard you have to work to score. The trap makes the players work. Canadians, at least, like hardworking hockey -- the worst thing they can say about a player is that he's a floater. User:Trontonian ---- Could someone provide me with the evidence on which the claim that the SM-liiga is indisputably the next highest rated league after the NHL was based? I'm willing to believe that the assertion may be true, but it sounds like POV to me. Finland has produced a lot of excellent hockey players (one of my favourite hockey memories is of the Finnish juniors standing up to a much larger Canadian team in the World Junior championships in 1986; it took a highly questionable call to beat them), but I seriously doubt that most hockey fans have ever heard of the SM-liiga. If you asked most Canadians to name a hockey team in Scandinavia, they would probably, if they could think of one, say Jokerit, but if you asked them what the next best league was, they'd say the AHL. User:Jfitzg I removed the line from the article pending some confirmation: After NHL the Finnish SM-liiga is the indisputed runner-up; followed by the Swedish Elitserien and the Czech and Russian national competitions. User:Rmhermen 21:23 20 May 2003 (UTC) :I put a non-POV version back in the article. It may well be true that the SM-liiga provides the highest quality of play outside the NHL, but since hockey fans never agree about anything I doubt that fact would be undisputed. User:Jfitzg ---- More could be added about women's hockey, the Olympics, the Canadian-Russian competition, shinney and neighbourhood hockey, and the business of the sport. Do we want to start adding this kind of data? User:Randal Leavitt 03:43 15 Jun 2003 (UTC) :Those topics definitely need to be included. -- User:Zoe :OK - I'll start collecting some information over the summer. I'll be in touch again in September. I'll start with women's hockey. And my favourite game of all time - plain old pick-up neighbourhood hockey.... This will be fun... User:Randal Leavitt 04:16 23 Jun 2003 (UTC) ----- I was trying to construct a rink diagram for ice hockey, similar to my work on field hockey, basketball and several other sports. Unfortunately, I am having a great deal of trouble deciphering the diagrams on the IHF and NHL web sites (they are either tiny, poor bitmaps or malformed PDFs that may look great when printed on a high-resolution colour printer but are borked on gnome-gv). It's all too hard for a non-hockey person. Does somebody who understands the sport want to step up to the job? --User:Robert Merkel 13:08 27 Jul 2003 (UTC) ---- The statement about the IIHF World Championships being open to all the world's best players was incorrect, so I reverted to the previous version. User:Trontonian :The IIHF worlds seemed to have been confused with the World Cup, so I tried to straighten that out and add a mention of the IIHF worlds, which should be in the article. I also took some of the description of the World Cup of Hockey and Canada Cup and used it to create a stub for each. User:Trontonian ::Canada Cup is also played for in other sports such as cycling and women's fastpitch. I have created a disambiguation page for Canada Cup and moved the ice hockey info to Canada Cup (hockey). User:RedWolf 23:20, Dec 5, 2003 (UTC) How come there's a difference in rink size between international and American hockey? User:BL 18:57, May 9, 2004 (UTC) ==Fastest shot == An anon just changed 100km/h to 100mph for the speeds at which puck is shot. It appears 100mph can be reached but quite rarely. NHL All-Star game page records fastest times in All-Star "Hardest Shot" competitions [http://nhl.com/allstar2004/skills/hardestshot.html]. About half of the years, the average of the best player in this competition is below 100mp/h. The absolute maximum, since 1990 is 105.2 mph by Al Iafrate in 1993 All-Star competition. Just for information, I am not changing anything in the article. User:Andris 08:35, Aug 20, 2004 (UTC) (comment edited 08:37, Aug 20, 2004 (UTC)) == USSR still plays ? == According to these sentences ''"Featuring the very best players from the six competing countries (Canada, Czechoslovakia, Finland, the USSR, Sweden and the USA) the Canada Cup was played for in 1976, 1981, 1984, 1987 and 1991. The 1987 event is referred to as one of the most spectacular in hockey history. In 1996, the Canada Cup was replaced by the World Cup of Hockey, which featured all six nations above and Germany (though Czechoslovakia had by then split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)."'' USSR played the World Cup of Hockey from 1996 on. Remember that USSR and Russia are different countries, just as Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic... *Has been reworded. I hope the new version is acceptable. User:Andris 18:11, Aug 25, 2004 (UTC) == Spelling == The entry is in Canadian spelling, which favors "defence" and "centre." According to Wikipedia policy, this is acceptable, so long as it is consistent within the article. There is no need, therefore, to change "defence" to "defense," especially if you are going to leave the rest (e.g. "centre") in Canadian spelling. User:AverageGuy 00:54, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC) == Relevant? == I don't understand this phrase: "Some note that the violence question is certainly relevant ..." Can anyone clarify what it means? Relevant to what? User:AverageGuy 01:42, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC) I agree that it does not make sense, in fact the entire last sentence seems to contradict itself. To make it grammatically correct, one might change "...the violence question..." to "...the violence in question..." or "...the question of violence...". Take out the stinger "...and violence in sports", as the article is about ice hockey, not sports in general. The writer might have been trying to say something like "the question/controversy of violence in Ice Hockey is important because the league has always tried to preserve the qualities of sportsmanship and gentlemanly play" and then relate to the Byng trophie and whatnot. The paragraph was constructed with the purpose of coming to a conclusion about violence in ice hockey. The writer used logical structure, comparing/contrasting two differing views (Gretzky and Cherry), and then coming to a conclusion, which is that the problem of violence is still undecided. Note: Taking more current events into account, one might relate to the Moore/Bertuzzi incident in the paragraph, to give evidence to the argument against fighting. --User:Philologus8 06:24, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC) == Increase in Women's Hockey == Here's another passage that I do not understand: "'''Women's hockey''' is one of the fastest growing women's sports in the world, with an increase of 400 percent, in just the last 10 years." Increased in what sense? The number of participants? The number of teams? The number of spectators? The revenues of professional teams? Can someone clarify? User:AverageGuy 01:47, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC) ---- I think I can shed some light on the vague statement. In an article posted by the Canadian Adult Recreational Hockey Association (CARHA) it is stated that there has been a 400% increase in the number of participants. The paragraph in which this is stated I have pasted below. ''Since 1992, women's teams have been springing up across the country and more teams and leagues have joined CARHA and are attending their tournaments. It's a trend that is expected to continue. Even though women were playing hockey as early as 1890, interest in the sport has really taken off in the past ten years. Women's hockey has seen a 400 percent increase in '''participation'' in that time, making it one of the fastest growing sports in the world. '' The above passage can be found at [http://www.carha.ca/hockeypost/apr02/women.htm] NOTE: The article contains a wealth of information about Women's Hockey that could be used in the expansion of the Women's Hockey section. == Spelling == I was not aware of the Canadian spelling difference and thought "defence" a small spelling error. Sorry about the change. --User:Philologus8 05:17, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC) == Hat Trick? == I don't know much about ice hockey but I do know cricket. In 19th century England when a player took wickets in 3 consecutive deliveries he was awarded a top hat for the feat. This is where the term hat trick came from and from there it spread to other sports. The article claims that spectators throw their hats on the ice. Could someone who knows more about hockey confirm this? I found [http://ask.yahoo.com/ask/20010823.html an article] about it and updated this article accordingly. – User:Flamurai (User talk:Flamurai) 01:01, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC) == 20th century history? == It would be nice to expand the "History" section beyond the 19th century. It seems grossly incomplete right now. If nothing else, the rise of the NHL and the spread of the game to Europe should be mentioned. User:Funnyhat 23:08, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Ice hockey

This is a category categorizing various articles pertaining to the sport of ice hockey. Team sports Winter sports Olympic sports Hockey

Ice hockey

{| style="margin:0 auto;" class="toccolours" colspan=2 |- | |- |align=center colspan=2|''This article is part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Ice Hockey, an attempt at building a useful ice hockey resource. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit the article attached to this page (see Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ for more information).'' |- |colspan="2" align="right" |Template:Ice hockey |}

See other meanings of words starting from letter:

I