Hunting - meaning of word
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Hunting



:''This article is about the hunting of prey by human society. For other uses of the word "hunting", see Hunting (disambiguation). "Hunter" and "huntress" redirect here; for other uses of these words, see Hunter (disambiguation) and Huntress (disambiguation).'' Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. It is most commonly applied to the practice of pursuing animals to capture or kill them for food, sport, or trade in their products. Animals so hunted are referred to as game animals. Hunting is also done to control varmint populations or as wildlife management to reduce animal populations which have exceeded the capacity of their range or when individual animals have become a danger to humans. ==History== In ancient societies, before the widespread domestication of animals, hunting was generally vital for survival as part of the hunter-gatherer way of life. For most humans before the development of agriculture, hunting would have provided an important source of protein to augment the foraged plants and vegetables that made up the majority of their diet. Also, in chilly climates, the hides or furs of animals would be used as simple clothing (see trapping). The earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, the Atlatl and Bow (weapon) and arrows. Even when domestication#Animal Domestication became relatively widespread, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the food supply available to a population. In addition, animal parts such as hides and horns were utilized in clothing and tools, and not all of these products could be provided from the domestication of animals. The importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by religious figures such as Cernunnos. With domestication of the dog, Bird of prey and the ferret, various forms of animal-aided hunting developed including venery (scent hound hunting, such as fox hunting), coursing (sight hound hunting), falconry and ferreting. These are all associated with medieval hunting. === Specialization and Hunting for Sport === As hunting moved from a strictly necessary activity for survival to one of many staples of society, two trends emerged. One was that of the specialist hunter - a position previously held by just about every able-bodied male (usually) in the society. As domesticated farming and herding took hold, hunting became one of many trades to be pursued by those with the necessary training. The other trend was the emergence of hunting as a sport. As game became more of a luxury than a necessity, the pursuit of it could equally well be considered a luxury pursuit. Hunting in North America in the 1800s was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies. The safari (hunting) method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting persists, but is frowned upon when it involves rare or endangered species of animal. Other people also object to trophy hunting in general because it is seen as a senseless act of killing another living thing for recreation, rather than food. In the 1800s southern and central European hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, to be displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was often wasted. In contrast, in relatively scarcely populated northern Europe, hunting has remained the tradition of the common people, and still serves a purpose as a means of acquiring meat, although the standard of living does not require it; Eating game is generally considered a healthier and more ethical alternative to the exploitation of farmed animals. In the Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was, and still is frowned upon, but an impressive trophy is considered a bonus. This is perhaps the most common practice of modern hunters worldwide. In medieval Europe, it was common for upper-class families to claim the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of territory. Game in these areas was certainly used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen; but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. Furthermore, hunting provided practice in the skills of warfare. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In later times, this aristocratic type of hunting lost its roots as a source of food and supplies, while retaining its nature as a sport. ==United Kingdom== The practice of United Kingdom fox hunt is a prime example of sport hunting; the fox is not eaten, and the skin is rarely preserved afterwards. Fox hunting originally developed as a means of vermin control to protect livestock. In Queen Victoria times it also became a popular sport of the upper classes. It now attracts followers from all walks of life. Mounted followers join in on horseback and foot-followers walk or cycle, others follow by car, stopping to view the hunt from suitable vantage points. Fox hunting attract strong feelings. Some animal right supporter feel it causes suffering to the fox and is both cruel and unnecessary. Some members of the farming and rural communities in which it takes place feel it is an integral and useful part of rural life, keeping down fox populations and providing an important contribution to social life for local people. In 2002 the Scottish Parliament passed an act banning fox hunting and other forms of hunting with hounds. On September 15th 2004 the British Parliament followed Scotland's lead and passed a similar ban for England and Wales under the Hunting Act 2004, which took effect from February 18 2005. The British Government forced the ban into law using the Parliament Act. Some hunting activists have declared their intention to break the law and continue hunting with hounds. ==Hunting in the United States== In the United States, hunting is a sport not associated with any particular class or culture. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. In 2001, over 13 million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport. Hunters usually are in tune with nature and often see themselves as environmentalists or conservationists. Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to State agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Proceeds from the Federal Duck Stamp, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters, have purchased more than 5 million acres (20,000 km²) of habitat for the refuge system lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species, and are often open to hunting. The $200 million is the federal portion only and does not include monies collected by the states for hunting licenses. Local hunting clubs and national conservation organizations protect the future of wildlife by setting aside millions of acres of habitat and speaking up for conservation in Washington and State capitals [http://www.fws.gov/hunting/whatdo.html]. Hunting of mammals such as deer, wapiti and small game is regulated by the states. Hunting of migratory waterfowl (ducks, geese, and others) is regulated by the Federal government under treaties with Canada and Mexico since the birds do not recognize international political boundaries. The states usually adminster the federally-set regulations. One task of Federal and state Park_Ranger and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, included species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans. Hunting in the United States has been associated with the issues of Gun politics. Hunting can be an important tool for wildlife management. Hunting gives resource managers a valuable tool to control populations of some species that might otherwise exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other wildlife species, and in some instances, that of human health and safety [http://www.fws.gov/hunting/]. Hunting reduces the annual crop of new animals and birds to allow the remaining animals sufficent feed and shelter to survive. Many Native American hunters claim subsistence hunting rights as a traditional part of their culture. In certain cases (such as the Marine Mammal Protection Act), Federal law provides protection for Native Americans. This is particularly true in Alaska, where people still feed on sea and land mammals as well as fish and birds. It is common for rural Alaska Native communities to obtain 50-90% of their daily protein from hunting. Varmint hunting is the killing of animals seen as a nuisance. It is not a sport but a method of pest control. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Often no use is made of the carcass after killing. Which species are "varmints" depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints include rats, rabbits, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. But species protection is important. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolf. However, some people engage in varmint hunting for recreation and for furs. Animal management authorities sometimes rely on hunting to control certain animal populations. These hunts are sometimes carried out by professional hunters although other hunts include amateurs. Overpopulations of deer in urban parks and bears which have attacked humans might be hunted by animal management authorities. ===Depiction in Popular Culture=== While there are numerous hunting shows, television programs, magazines and merchandise, some popular entertainment also condemns sport hunting. This is most obvious in animation which often depicts hunting from the hunted animal's point of view and furthermore has the audience's sympathy as the animal either usually escapes or successfully defends itself. Hence, the hunter is often presented as the antagonist. This can range from the humorous such as Bugs Bunny fighting off Elmer Fudd to the dramatic as in ''Bambi''. In contrast, filmed depictions of hunting by aboriginal cultures like Native American ones are treated with much more sympathy with the implied idea that they are hunting for what they need to survive and no more. (This "implied idea" actually continues to be the case in many Alaskan Bush communities today.)[http://tunt.blogspot.com/2005/03/30-hunting-for-subsistence.html] Varmint hunting of prairie dogs is depicted in John Ross' novel "Unintended Consequences". A favorable depiction of hunting is found in L.Neil Smith's science fiction novel 'Pallas'. ==External Links== * [http://www.justinalexander.net/huntingethics.htm Ethics of Hunting] - a philosophy thesis on the ethical arguments for and against hunting, including a section focusing on Christianity ethics. * [http://www.surviveoutdoors.com/reference/huntingsafety.asp Hunting Safety] * [http://www.fws.gov/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service website] * [http://www.fws.gov/hunting/huntstat.html U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service statistics] * [http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/ Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission as an example of state agencies] Food and drink Survival skills Blood sports Archery Hunting

Hunting



Is "varmint" actually a word? Wouldn't this normally be called "vermin" hunting? I thought "varmint" was a slang/dialect term... User:-- April 21:08 May 7, 2003 (UTC) :Agreed - and I'd avoid 'vermin' as a term too, as it carries a very loaded POV. This article needs a deal of editing. - User:MPF 00:51, 15 Feb 2004 (UTC) :Yes, "varmint" is listed as a variant of "vermin" in many dictionaries and probably does have roots in slang. In this case, I believe the word better qualifies as jargon rather than slang, since it is a standard term understood by virtually all hunters...at least those in the United States, anyway. I'd let the term stand since the text does give some examples of varmint species. User:Red Goat Jackson 00:34, Feb 24, 2004 (UTC) ::Most users of wikipedia aren't American hunters. I'd say change it to vermin, or rodent, or something other than varmint. I'm canadian, and the only place I've ever heard "varmint" was in saturday morning cartoons. User:SECProto 20:03, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::Of course, we must consider that Wikipedia reaches a world-wide, non-American audience but "varmint hunting" is a term that describes a subset of the hunting sports. I'm unsure of the term's prevalence outside of the U.S. and I'm unaware of any other widely-used substitute term so perhaps it would be useful to include both "varmint" and "vermin" (or "nuisance species") with a short description. User:Red Goat Jackson 22:31, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC) ::::Yup, thats all I was getting at. If vermin means the same thing as varmint, you can feel free to switch it to vermin if you agree - or saying both names, I'm not a hunter myself, so I don't really know which would be the best way to say it. User:SECProto 03:42, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC) The pictures are pretty small and uninspiring. Anyone agree we should replace them with one of these: [http://john-leech-archive.org.uk/keyword/hunting.htm punch hunting cartoons]? == Introduction == I'm sure most people know what "hunting" is, but the article still needs an introductory paragraph containing a definition. Before 198.234.216.213's vandalism, such a paragraph was in place. Any reason it was removed? User:TaintedMustard 09:45, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) No reason I can see. Why don't you put it back in?User:Johnwhunt 21:38, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Hunting



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Hunting
Hunting
Hunting
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Huntingburg,_Indiana
Huntingdale
Huntingdale_railway_station,_Melbourne
Huntingdon
Huntingdon
Huntingdon,_PA
Huntingdon,_Pennsylvania
Huntingdon,_Quebec
Huntingdon,_Québec
Huntingdon,_Tennessee
Huntingdon,_TN
Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire
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Huntingdonshire_and_Peterborough
Huntingdon_&_Broadtop_Railroad
Huntingdon_&_Broad_Top_Mountain_Railroad
Huntingdon_&_Broad_Top_Railroad
Huntingdon_&_Broad_Top_RR
Huntingdon_(disambiguation)
Huntingdon_(electoral_district)
Huntingdon_(UK_Parliament_constituency)
Huntingdon_and_Broadtop_Railroad
Huntingdon_and_Broad_Top
Huntingdon_and_Broad_Top_Mountain_Railroad
Huntingdon_and_Broad_Top_Mountain_Railroad_and_Coal_Company
Huntingdon_and_Broad_Top_Railroad
Huntingdon_and_Peterborough
Huntingdon_College
Huntingdon_County
Huntingdon_County,_PA
Huntingdon_County,_Pennsylvania
Huntingdon_County,_Pennsylvania
Huntingdon_County,_Pennsylvania
Huntingdon_County,_Quebec
Huntingdon_Life_Sciences
Huntingdon_Life_Sciences
Huntington
Huntington
Huntington's
Huntington's_Chorea
Huntington's_chorea
Huntington's_Disease
Huntington's_disease
Huntington's_disease
Huntington,_AR
Huntington,_Arkansas
Huntington,_Arkansas
Huntington,_City_of_York
Huntington,_FL
Huntington,_Florida
Huntington,_GA
Huntington,_Georgia
Huntington,_IN
Huntington,_Indiana
Huntington,_MA
Huntington,_Maryland
Huntington,_Massachusetts
Huntington,_MD
Huntington,_New_York
Huntington,_NY
Huntington,_OR
Huntington,_Oregon
Huntington,_SC
Huntington,_South_Carolina
Huntington,_Texas
Huntington,_TX
Huntington,_UT
Huntington,_ut
Huntington,_Utah
Huntington,_VA
Huntington,_Vermont
Huntington,_Virginia
Huntington,_VT
Huntington,_West_Virginia
Huntington,_West_Virginia
Huntington,_WV
Huntingtons_Chorea
Huntingtons_disease
Huntington_(CDP),_New_York
Huntington_(CDP),_Suffolk_County,_New_York
Huntington_(MA)
Huntington_(town),_New_York
Huntington_(town),_Suffolk_County,_New_York
Huntington_(Washington_Metro)
Huntington_Avenue_Baseball_Grounds
Huntington_Avenue_Grounds
Huntington_Bay
Huntington_Bay,_New_York
Huntington_Beach
Huntington_beach
Huntington_Beach,_CA
Huntington_Beach,_California
Huntington_Beach,_California
Huntington_Beach_State_Park
Huntington_County
Huntington_County,_IN
Huntington_County,_Indiana
Huntington_County,_Indiana
Huntington_County,_Indiana
Huntington_Disease
Huntington_disease
Huntington_Expressway
Huntington_Herald-Dispatch
Huntington_Library
Huntington_Library,_Art_Gallery,_and_Botanical_Gardens
Huntington_Park
Huntington_Park,_CA
Huntington_Park,_California
Huntington_Park_(Newport_News,_VA)
Huntington_Park_(Newport_News,_Virginia)
Huntington_School_York
Huntington_Station
Huntington_Station,_New_York
Huntington_Township,_Adams_County,_PA
Huntington_Township,_Adams_County,_Pennsylvania
Huntington_Township,_Luzerne_County,_PA
Huntington_Township,_Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania
Huntington_Township,_PA
Huntington_Township,_Pennsylvania
Huntington_vermont
Huntington_Village,_New_York
Huntington_Woods,_MI
Huntington_Woods,_Michigan
Huntingtower_and_Ruthvenfield
Huntingtower_Castle
Huntingtown
Huntingtown,_Maryland
Huntingtown,_MD
Hunting_(disambiguation)
Hunting_(engineering)
Hunting_Act
Hunting_Act_2004
Hunting_Act_2004
Hunting_Act_2004_(UK)
Hunting_Act_2004_(UK)
Hunting_Aircraft
Hunting_and_gathering
Hunting_and_Gathering_Society
Hunting_and_Gathering_society
Hunting_and_gathering_society
Hunting_Bill
Hunting_crop
Hunting_deities
Hunting_dog
Hunting_Engineering
Hunting_For_Bambi
Hunting_For_Bambi
Hunting_for_Hidden_Gold
Hunting_goddesses
Hunting_goddesses
Hunting_gods
Hunting_High_And_Low
Hunting_Hills_High_School
Hunting_Horrors
Hunting_Island_Lighthouse
Hunting_Island_State_Park
Hunting_Jet_Provost
Hunting_mushrooms
Hunting_Park
Hunting_Percival
Hunting_Percival_Jet_Provost
Hunting_rifle
Hunting_sword
Hunting_Valley
Hunting_Valley,_OH
Hunting_Valley,_Ohio


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