
Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th century to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This title (and its variant, ''ataman'', ''otaman''), was also used among Ukraine and Russian Cossacks since the 16th century. [[Image:Stanislaw_Koniecpolski.jpg|thumb|right|Hetman Stanislaw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] == Hetmans of Poland and Lithuania == ''Main article: Hetmans of Poland and Lithuania'' The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. The tile of hetman was given to the leader of Polish Army and till 1581 hetman existed only during the specific campaigns and wars. After that, it became a permanent title, as were all the titles in Jagiellon_Poland and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It couldn't be taken away unless treachery was proven (from 1585). Thus in effect most hetmans served for life, as illustrated by the case of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz literally commanding the army from his deathbed. Hetmans were not paid for their job by the Royal Treasury. Hetmans were main commanders of the military forces, second only to the monarch in the army's chain of command. The fact that they could not be removed by the monarch made them very independent, and thus often able to follow separate policies of their own. This system worked well when a hetman had great ability and the monarch was weak, but by the same token it sometimes produced disastrous results in the opposite case, as illustrated by the actions of Mikolaj Potocki in 1648. The contrast with states bordering the Commonwealth, where army commanders could be dismissed at any time by their sovereigns, was immense. The reform in 1776 limited the powers of the hetmans. Hetman office was abolished after the partitions of Poland in 1795. == Hetmans of Cossacks == ''Main article: Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks'' At the end of 16th century commander of Ukrainian Cossacks were also called Hetmans (or ''atamans''). From 1648 Bohdan Khmelnytsky's Chmielnicki uprising, Hetman was the head of the Cossack state. Cossack hetmans had very broad powers and acted as heads of the Cossack state, their supreme military commanders, the top legislators (by issuing administrative decrees). After the split of Ukraine along the Dnieper River by the Poland-Russia Treaty of Andrusovo 1667, Ukrainian Cossacks (and Cossack Hetmans) are known as Left-bank Cossacks and Right-bank Cossacks. In Russia, the office of Cossack Hetman was abolished by Catherine II of Russia in 1764. == See also == * Bulawa * list of szlachta Polish titles Polish military ranks Hetmans Belarusian history Lithuanian history Polish history Ukrainian history Cossacks
Re: Both great and field hetmans were Senators of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Actually, this is not true. As u can see in my [http://1632.org/1632Slush/163xPolishTitles.doc article] which is based partialy on [http://www.bezuprzedzen.pl/urzedy/poczatki.html this] article in Polish: 'Hetmans were also considered ‘ministers’ but had no right to be sited in the Senat.' If u have any information contrary to mine, plz post - if not, I will amend the wiki entry soon. ---- Errr..Emax, I think u wanted in in main not talk? --User:Piotrus 22:37, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC) :W zasadzie chcialem tutaj wsadzac obrazy hetmanow, wiec to nie byla pomylka;)--User:Emax 04:24, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Do Talku? Czemu? W artykule chyba lepsze miejsce? --User:Piotrus 14:07, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::Wpierw chcialem wstawiac portrety hetmanow (ktorych artykuly jeszcze nie istnieja) do siebie do galerii - pozniej postanowilem je jednak wstawiac tutaj, by w razie gdyby ktos stworzyl nowy artykul odrazu wstawil portret. Ale teraz sam odrazu tworze, wiec niema potrzeby wstwiac do mnie ani tutaj, brzmi troche skomplikowanie ;) --User:Emax 16:03, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Ataman == An anon added to Cossack artcl: ''or more likely derived from "ataman" in Turkish''. And also added "ataman" here. What does in mean in Turkish, when did the word enter Turkish language; what is the relation with Haptmann? User:Mikkalai 18:39, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC) : Am Heritage Dict through http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/ataman and http://www.bartleby.com/61/21/A0492100.html confirms Turkish etymology. : This Turkish dictionary http://www.seslisozluk.com/ cites Russian etymology : --User:Gene s 05:27, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Nice little thingie. A fistful of suggestions: # Perhaps we could make this template a little less eye-cathing by changing the colour to some more neutral. So far it seems that the template is the most important part of the articles it is placed in. # Also, the colour should be much less saturated. Saturated colours don't go very well with the default links colour. # I added a :Category:Hetmans. # As to the gfx - it seems fine, but perhaps there is some colour picture of a real bulawa to be used instead of the 20th century symbol? I guess that for most of the people of the epoch this symbol would actually mean ''two'' hetmans :) --User:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:Halibutt 14:23, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC) :Racja, z linkami jest maly problem, podobnie jak w template marszalkow. Wpierw chcialem zrobic jasny czerwony, ale podchodzil pod rozowy i smiesznie by wygladalo :) Z czasem gdy artykuly o Hetmanach sie powieksza, nie bedzie sie az tak rzucala w oczy jak teraz. (zaraz sprawdze jak by wygladalo z calkowicie innym kolorem). Co do 2 bulaw - mysle ze pojedyncza by gorzej wygladala. Obecny obrazek optycznie nawiazuje do marszalkow Polski - a tez w sumie jest to tylko "bajerek" w szablonie ;)--User:Emax 16:20, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Thanks, it looks waaay better now. User:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:Halibutt 19:19, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC) To avoid complains that the template is too big, I suggest splitting it into four separate templates, one for each type of hetman. --User:Piotrus 15:17, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC) :W zwiazku z tym ze zazwyczaj kazdy z hetmanow byl wielkim i polnym, zawala tyle samo miejsca - zobacz: Waclaw Rzewuski. Wiec nie wiem czy to najlepsze rozwiazanie. :) --User:Emax 15:37, Jan 9, 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Hetman:
Hetman
Hetman
Hetman
Hetmanat
Hetmanate
Hetmans
Hetmans_FC
Hetmans_FL
Hetmans_GC
Hetmans_GL
Hetmans_of_Poland_and_Lithuania
Hetmans_of_Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Hetmans_of_Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossacks
Hetman_Stadium
Hetman
Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th century to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This title (and its variant, ''ataman'', ''otaman''), was also used among Ukraine and Russian Cossacks since the 16th century. [[Image:Stanislaw_Koniecpolski.jpg|thumb|right|Hetman Stanislaw Koniecpolski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] == Hetmans of Poland and Lithuania == ''Main article: Hetmans of Poland and Lithuania'' The first Polish title of Grand Crown Hetman was created in 1505. The tile of hetman was given to the leader of Polish Army and till 1581 hetman existed only during the specific campaigns and wars. After that, it became a permanent title, as were all the titles in Jagiellon_Poland and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It couldn't be taken away unless treachery was proven (from 1585). Thus in effect most hetmans served for life, as illustrated by the case of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz literally commanding the army from his deathbed. Hetmans were not paid for their job by the Royal Treasury. Hetmans were main commanders of the military forces, second only to the monarch in the army's chain of command. The fact that they could not be removed by the monarch made them very independent, and thus often able to follow separate policies of their own. This system worked well when a hetman had great ability and the monarch was weak, but by the same token it sometimes produced disastrous results in the opposite case, as illustrated by the actions of Mikolaj Potocki in 1648. The contrast with states bordering the Commonwealth, where army commanders could be dismissed at any time by their sovereigns, was immense. The reform in 1776 limited the powers of the hetmans. Hetman office was abolished after the partitions of Poland in 1795. == Hetmans of Cossacks == ''Main article: Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks'' At the end of 16th century commander of Ukrainian Cossacks were also called Hetmans (or ''atamans''). From 1648 Bohdan Khmelnytsky's Chmielnicki uprising, Hetman was the head of the Cossack state. Cossack hetmans had very broad powers and acted as heads of the Cossack state, their supreme military commanders, the top legislators (by issuing administrative decrees). After the split of Ukraine along the Dnieper River by the Poland-Russia Treaty of Andrusovo 1667, Ukrainian Cossacks (and Cossack Hetmans) are known as Left-bank Cossacks and Right-bank Cossacks. In Russia, the office of Cossack Hetman was abolished by Catherine II of Russia in 1764. == See also == * Bulawa * list of szlachta Polish titles Polish military ranks Hetmans Belarusian history Lithuanian history Polish history Ukrainian history Cossacks
Hetman
Re: Both great and field hetmans were Senators of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Actually, this is not true. As u can see in my [http://1632.org/1632Slush/163xPolishTitles.doc article] which is based partialy on [http://www.bezuprzedzen.pl/urzedy/poczatki.html this] article in Polish: 'Hetmans were also considered ‘ministers’ but had no right to be sited in the Senat.' If u have any information contrary to mine, plz post - if not, I will amend the wiki entry soon. ---- Errr..Emax, I think u wanted in in main not talk? --User:Piotrus 22:37, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC) :W zasadzie chcialem tutaj wsadzac obrazy hetmanow, wiec to nie byla pomylka;)--User:Emax 04:24, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Do Talku? Czemu? W artykule chyba lepsze miejsce? --User:Piotrus 14:07, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::Wpierw chcialem wstawiac portrety hetmanow (ktorych artykuly jeszcze nie istnieja) do siebie do galerii - pozniej postanowilem je jednak wstawiac tutaj, by w razie gdyby ktos stworzyl nowy artykul odrazu wstawil portret. Ale teraz sam odrazu tworze, wiec niema potrzeby wstwiac do mnie ani tutaj, brzmi troche skomplikowanie ;) --User:Emax 16:03, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) == Ataman == An anon added to Cossack artcl: ''or more likely derived from "ataman" in Turkish''. And also added "ataman" here. What does in mean in Turkish, when did the word enter Turkish language; what is the relation with Haptmann? User:Mikkalai 18:39, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC) : Am Heritage Dict through http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/ataman and http://www.bartleby.com/61/21/A0492100.html confirms Turkish etymology. : This Turkish dictionary http://www.seslisozluk.com/ cites Russian etymology : --User:Gene s 05:27, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Hetman
Nice little thingie. A fistful of suggestions: # Perhaps we could make this template a little less eye-cathing by changing the colour to some more neutral. So far it seems that the template is the most important part of the articles it is placed in. # Also, the colour should be much less saturated. Saturated colours don't go very well with the default links colour. # I added a :Category:Hetmans. # As to the gfx - it seems fine, but perhaps there is some colour picture of a real bulawa to be used instead of the 20th century symbol? I guess that for most of the people of the epoch this symbol would actually mean ''two'' hetmans :) --User:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:Halibutt 14:23, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC) :Racja, z linkami jest maly problem, podobnie jak w template marszalkow. Wpierw chcialem zrobic jasny czerwony, ale podchodzil pod rozowy i smiesznie by wygladalo :) Z czasem gdy artykuly o Hetmanach sie powieksza, nie bedzie sie az tak rzucala w oczy jak teraz. (zaraz sprawdze jak by wygladalo z calkowicie innym kolorem). Co do 2 bulaw - mysle ze pojedyncza by gorzej wygladala. Obecny obrazek optycznie nawiazuje do marszalkow Polski - a tez w sumie jest to tylko "bajerek" w szablonie ;)--User:Emax 16:20, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::Thanks, it looks waaay better now. User:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:Halibutt 19:19, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC) To avoid complains that the template is too big, I suggest splitting it into four separate templates, one for each type of hetman. --User:Piotrus 15:17, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC) :W zwiazku z tym ze zazwyczaj kazdy z hetmanow byl wielkim i polnym, zawala tyle samo miejsca - zobacz: Waclaw Rzewuski. Wiec nie wiem czy to najlepsze rozwiazanie. :) --User:Emax 15:37, Jan 9, 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
H
HA | HB | HC | HD | HE | HF | HG | HI | HJ | HK | HL | HM | HN | HO | HP | HR | HS | HT | HU | HW | HX | HY | HZ |Words begining with Hetman:
Hetman
Hetman
Hetman
Hetmanat
Hetmanate
Hetmans
Hetmans_FC
Hetmans_FL
Hetmans_GC
Hetmans_GL
Hetmans_of_Poland_and_Lithuania
Hetmans_of_Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Hetmans_of_Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossacks
Hetman_Stadium
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