Herodotus (Greek language: ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΣ, Herodotos) was an ancient historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC - c. 425 BC). He is famous for the descriptions he wrote of different places and people he met on his travels and his many books about the Persian invasion in Greece. == Overview == Herodotus wrote a history of the Irann invasion of Greece in the early fifth century B.C., known simply as ''The Histories of Herodotus''. This work was recognized as a new form of literature soon after its publication. Before Herodotus, there had been chronicles and epics, and they too had preserved knowledge of the past. But Herodotus was the first not only to record the past but also to treat it as a philosophy problem, or research project, that could yield knowledge of human behavior. == Opinions == His invention earned him the title ''List of people known as the father or mother of something'' and the word he used for his achievement, ''historie'', which previously had meant simply "research", passed into Latin as ''historia'' and took on its modern connotation of "history" or "story". His nickname was given to him by Cicero. Conversely, however, many historians and philosophers who take a more sceptical view of Herodotus' accounts and narratives have a different name for him, dubbing him "The Father of Lies." or "the deceiver." Recent archaeology has begun to prove his ''Histories'' were largely accurate. In many cases, Herodotus, unsure of the exact history, would give the most prominent, competing historical accounts of a particular event or region, and then express his opinion as to which he believed was accurate, with an explanation of why. ''The Histories'' was often attacked in the ancient world for bias, inaccuracy, and plagiarism. Similar attacks have been made by a few modern scholars, who argue that Herodotus exaggerated the extent of his travels and fabricated sources. Respect for his accuracy has increased in the last half century, however, and he is now recognized not only as a pioneer in history but in ethnography and anthropology as well. Published between 430 and 424 B.C., ''The Histories'' were divided by later editors into nine books, named after the Muses. The first six books deal with the growth of the Persian Empire. They begin with an account of the first Asian monarch to conquer Greek city-states and exact tribute, Croesus of Lydia. Croesus lost his kingdom to Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire. The first six books end with the defeat of the Persians in 490 B.C. at the Battle of Marathon, which was the first setback to their imperial progress. The last three books of ''The Histories'' describe the attempt of the Persian king Xerxes I ten years later to avenge the Persian defeat at Marathon and absorb Greece into the Persian Empire. ''The Histories'' end with the year 479 B.C., when the Persian invaders were wiped out at the Battle of Plataea and the frontier of the Persian Empire receded to the Aegean Sea coastline of Asia Minor. == Herodotus's life == As to Herodotus's life, we know that he was exiled from Halicarnassus after his involvement in an unsuccessful putsch against the ruling dynasty, and he withdrew to the island of Samos. He seems never to have returned to Halicarnassus, though in his ''Histories'' he appears to be proud of his native city and its queen, Artemisia. It must have been during his exile that he undertook the journeys that he describes in ''The Histories''. These journeys took him to Egypt, as far south as the Aswan of the Nile, to Babylon, to Ukraine, and to Italy and Sicily. Herodotus mentions an interview with an informant in Sparta, and almost certainly he lived for a period in Athens. In Athens, he tapped the oral traditions of the prominent families, in particular the Alkmaeonidai, to which Pericles belonged on his maternal side. But the Athenians did not accept foreigners as citizens, and when Athens sponsored the apoikia of Thurii in the instep of Italy in 444 BC, Herodotus became a colonist. Whether he died there or not is uncertain. At some point he became a ''logios'' – that is, a reciter of prose ''logoi'' or stories – and his subject matter was tales of battles, other historical incidents, and the marvels of foreign lands. He made tours of the Greek cities and the major religious and athletic festivals, where he offered performances for which he expected payment. In 431 BC, the Peloponnesian War broke out between Athens and Sparta. It may have been that conflict, which divided the Greek world, that inspired him to collect his stories into a continuous narrative – ''The Histories'' – centered on the theme of Persia's imperial progress, which Athens and Sparta as allies had brought to a halt. The quotation ''Neither rain, nor snow, nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds'' is attributed to Herodotus, describing the Persian "postal" system. The quotation is inscribed on the facade of the New York Post office building, and was also used as part of the lyric in Laurie Anderson's 1981 hit, O Superman. == For further reading == * Several English translations of ''The Histories of Herodotus'' are readily available in multiple editions. The most readily available are those translated by: **Aubrey de Selincourt, originally 1954; revised by John Marincola in 1972. Several editions from Penguin Books available. **David Grene, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. **George Rawlinson, translation 1858-1860. Public domain; many editions available, although Everyman Library and Wordsworth Classics editions are the most common ones still in print. * Evans, J. A. S., ''Herodotus.'' Boston: G. K. Hall, 1982. * —. ''Herodotus, Explorer of the Past: Three Essays.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. * Fehling, Detlev. ''Herodotus and His "Sources": Citation, Invention, and Narrative Art''. Translated by J.G. Howie. Arca Classical and Medieval Texts, Papers, and Monographs, 21. Leeds: Francis Cairns, 1989. * Flory, Stewart, ''The Archaic Smile of Herodotus.'' Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987. * Fornara, Charles W. ''Herodotus: An Interpretative Essay''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. * Hartog, F., ''The Mirror of Herodotus.'' Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988. * [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.04.10.html Kwintner, Michelle. ''The Liar School of Herodotus (Review)''. Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 1994.] * Lateiner, D., ''The Historical Method of Herodotus.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989. * Pritchett, W. K., ''The Liar School of Herodotus.'' Amsterdam: Gieben, 1991. * Thomas, R., 'Herodotus in Context; ethnography, science and the art of persusion'. Oxford University Press 2000. == See also == *''Faraon'' (historical novel by Boleslaw Prus, incorporating scenes involving the ancient Egyptian Labyrinth described in ''The Histories of Herodotus''). *''Thucydides'', ancient Greek historian who is often said to be "the father of history." == External links == * [http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_text_herodotus.htm Herodotus] at About.com * [http://www.reportret.info/gallery/herodotos1.html Herodotos] at Reportret, a reconstructed portrait by Marco Bakker * [http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.html ''The History of Herodotus''] at The Internet Classics Archive (translation by George Rawlinson) * (translation by George Campbell Macaulay, 1852-1915) * * [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/herodotus/ Herodotus on the Web] * [http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodotus/herodotus01.htm Herodotus of Halicarnassus] at Livius.org * [http://nefer-seba.net/essays/Herodotus-vs-Thucydides.php Comparison of the writings of Herodotus and Thucydides] ---- ''An [http://www.nupedia.com/article/390/ earlier version] of this article by James Allan Evans was posted at Nupedia.'' 484 BC births 425 BC deaths Ancient Greeks Ancient Greek historians hi:हिरोडोटस la:Herodotus Halicarnassensis lv:Hērodots ms:Herodotus
Hello there, Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to Wikipedia:wikipedians. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Wikipedia:Naming conventions or how to format them visit our Wikipedia:Manual of Style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Wikipedia:Help or add a question to the wikipedia:Village pump. Cheers! --user:maveric149
==Wikipedia policy== It is Wikipedia policy that things be under their MOST COMMON name. Please move "Herodotos" back to "Herodotus" where it was and where by Wikipedia policy it is supposed to be. In the article itself, he should also be called "Herodotus" as that is the way he is generally refered to in English (this IS the ENGLISH Wikipedia). But, by all means, include in the article all the data about the word "Herodotos" and how it relates to this guy. Thanks. User:4.250.168.94 18:52, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I agree with you. Care to list it on WP:RM? User:Dbachmann User_talk:Dbachmann 19:43, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Done, although the talk page is still at Herodotos...this one will have to be deleted, but I wanted to let you know first. User:Adam Bishop 19:53, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==New Archeological Evidence== Herodotus has been called the "Father of Lies" as the article states, but new archeological evidence has proven that at least some of what Herodotus wrote that was doubtful is actually true. Two examples that come immediately to mind are the recent discoveries of Scythian burial sites which parallel Herodotus' descriptions and a dedication by Sostratus, a wealthy Greek who is mentioned in "The Histories". It seems to me that this recent reassessment of Herodotus should be mentioned [I'm not sure if it's up to the original writer but thought it should be noted].
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Herodotus:
Herodotus
Herodotus
Herodotus
Herodotus_(crater)
Herodotus_crater
Herodotus_of_Halicarnassus
Herodotus
Herodotus (Greek language: ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΣ, Herodotos) was an ancient historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC - c. 425 BC). He is famous for the descriptions he wrote of different places and people he met on his travels and his many books about the Persian invasion in Greece. == Overview == Herodotus wrote a history of the Irann invasion of Greece in the early fifth century B.C., known simply as ''The Histories of Herodotus''. This work was recognized as a new form of literature soon after its publication. Before Herodotus, there had been chronicles and epics, and they too had preserved knowledge of the past. But Herodotus was the first not only to record the past but also to treat it as a philosophy problem, or research project, that could yield knowledge of human behavior. == Opinions == His invention earned him the title ''List of people known as the father or mother of something'' and the word he used for his achievement, ''historie'', which previously had meant simply "research", passed into Latin as ''historia'' and took on its modern connotation of "history" or "story". His nickname was given to him by Cicero. Conversely, however, many historians and philosophers who take a more sceptical view of Herodotus' accounts and narratives have a different name for him, dubbing him "The Father of Lies." or "the deceiver." Recent archaeology has begun to prove his ''Histories'' were largely accurate. In many cases, Herodotus, unsure of the exact history, would give the most prominent, competing historical accounts of a particular event or region, and then express his opinion as to which he believed was accurate, with an explanation of why. ''The Histories'' was often attacked in the ancient world for bias, inaccuracy, and plagiarism. Similar attacks have been made by a few modern scholars, who argue that Herodotus exaggerated the extent of his travels and fabricated sources. Respect for his accuracy has increased in the last half century, however, and he is now recognized not only as a pioneer in history but in ethnography and anthropology as well. Published between 430 and 424 B.C., ''The Histories'' were divided by later editors into nine books, named after the Muses. The first six books deal with the growth of the Persian Empire. They begin with an account of the first Asian monarch to conquer Greek city-states and exact tribute, Croesus of Lydia. Croesus lost his kingdom to Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire. The first six books end with the defeat of the Persians in 490 B.C. at the Battle of Marathon, which was the first setback to their imperial progress. The last three books of ''The Histories'' describe the attempt of the Persian king Xerxes I ten years later to avenge the Persian defeat at Marathon and absorb Greece into the Persian Empire. ''The Histories'' end with the year 479 B.C., when the Persian invaders were wiped out at the Battle of Plataea and the frontier of the Persian Empire receded to the Aegean Sea coastline of Asia Minor. == Herodotus's life == As to Herodotus's life, we know that he was exiled from Halicarnassus after his involvement in an unsuccessful putsch against the ruling dynasty, and he withdrew to the island of Samos. He seems never to have returned to Halicarnassus, though in his ''Histories'' he appears to be proud of his native city and its queen, Artemisia. It must have been during his exile that he undertook the journeys that he describes in ''The Histories''. These journeys took him to Egypt, as far south as the Aswan of the Nile, to Babylon, to Ukraine, and to Italy and Sicily. Herodotus mentions an interview with an informant in Sparta, and almost certainly he lived for a period in Athens. In Athens, he tapped the oral traditions of the prominent families, in particular the Alkmaeonidai, to which Pericles belonged on his maternal side. But the Athenians did not accept foreigners as citizens, and when Athens sponsored the apoikia of Thurii in the instep of Italy in 444 BC, Herodotus became a colonist. Whether he died there or not is uncertain. At some point he became a ''logios'' – that is, a reciter of prose ''logoi'' or stories – and his subject matter was tales of battles, other historical incidents, and the marvels of foreign lands. He made tours of the Greek cities and the major religious and athletic festivals, where he offered performances for which he expected payment. In 431 BC, the Peloponnesian War broke out between Athens and Sparta. It may have been that conflict, which divided the Greek world, that inspired him to collect his stories into a continuous narrative – ''The Histories'' – centered on the theme of Persia's imperial progress, which Athens and Sparta as allies had brought to a halt. The quotation ''Neither rain, nor snow, nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds'' is attributed to Herodotus, describing the Persian "postal" system. The quotation is inscribed on the facade of the New York Post office building, and was also used as part of the lyric in Laurie Anderson's 1981 hit, O Superman. == For further reading == * Several English translations of ''The Histories of Herodotus'' are readily available in multiple editions. The most readily available are those translated by: **Aubrey de Selincourt, originally 1954; revised by John Marincola in 1972. Several editions from Penguin Books available. **David Grene, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. **George Rawlinson, translation 1858-1860. Public domain; many editions available, although Everyman Library and Wordsworth Classics editions are the most common ones still in print. * Evans, J. A. S., ''Herodotus.'' Boston: G. K. Hall, 1982. * —. ''Herodotus, Explorer of the Past: Three Essays.'' Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. * Fehling, Detlev. ''Herodotus and His "Sources": Citation, Invention, and Narrative Art''. Translated by J.G. Howie. Arca Classical and Medieval Texts, Papers, and Monographs, 21. Leeds: Francis Cairns, 1989. * Flory, Stewart, ''The Archaic Smile of Herodotus.'' Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987. * Fornara, Charles W. ''Herodotus: An Interpretative Essay''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. * Hartog, F., ''The Mirror of Herodotus.'' Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988. * [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.04.10.html Kwintner, Michelle. ''The Liar School of Herodotus (Review)''. Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 1994.] * Lateiner, D., ''The Historical Method of Herodotus.'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989. * Pritchett, W. K., ''The Liar School of Herodotus.'' Amsterdam: Gieben, 1991. * Thomas, R., 'Herodotus in Context; ethnography, science and the art of persusion'. Oxford University Press 2000. == See also == *''Faraon'' (historical novel by Boleslaw Prus, incorporating scenes involving the ancient Egyptian Labyrinth described in ''The Histories of Herodotus''). *''Thucydides'', ancient Greek historian who is often said to be "the father of history." == External links == * [http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_text_herodotus.htm Herodotus] at About.com * [http://www.reportret.info/gallery/herodotos1.html Herodotos] at Reportret, a reconstructed portrait by Marco Bakker * [http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.html ''The History of Herodotus''] at The Internet Classics Archive (translation by George Rawlinson) * (translation by George Campbell Macaulay, 1852-1915) * * [http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/herodotus/ Herodotus on the Web] * [http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodotus/herodotus01.htm Herodotus of Halicarnassus] at Livius.org * [http://nefer-seba.net/essays/Herodotus-vs-Thucydides.php Comparison of the writings of Herodotus and Thucydides] ---- ''An [http://www.nupedia.com/article/390/ earlier version] of this article by James Allan Evans was posted at Nupedia.'' 484 BC births 425 BC deaths Ancient Greeks Ancient Greek historians hi:हिरोडोटस la:Herodotus Halicarnassensis lv:Hērodots ms:Herodotus
Herodotus
Hello there, Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers to the 'pedia! I hope you like the place and decide to Wikipedia:wikipedians. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Wikipedia:Naming conventions or how to format them visit our Wikipedia:Manual of Style. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Wikipedia:Help or add a question to the wikipedia:Village pump. Cheers! --user:maveric149
Herodotus
==Wikipedia policy== It is Wikipedia policy that things be under their MOST COMMON name. Please move "Herodotos" back to "Herodotus" where it was and where by Wikipedia policy it is supposed to be. In the article itself, he should also be called "Herodotus" as that is the way he is generally refered to in English (this IS the ENGLISH Wikipedia). But, by all means, include in the article all the data about the word "Herodotos" and how it relates to this guy. Thanks. User:4.250.168.94 18:52, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I agree with you. Care to list it on WP:RM? User:Dbachmann User_talk:Dbachmann 19:43, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Done, although the talk page is still at Herodotos...this one will have to be deleted, but I wanted to let you know first. User:Adam Bishop 19:53, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==New Archeological Evidence== Herodotus has been called the "Father of Lies" as the article states, but new archeological evidence has proven that at least some of what Herodotus wrote that was doubtful is actually true. Two examples that come immediately to mind are the recent discoveries of Scythian burial sites which parallel Herodotus' descriptions and a dedication by Sostratus, a wealthy Greek who is mentioned in "The Histories". It seems to me that this recent reassessment of Herodotus should be mentioned [I'm not sure if it's up to the original writer but thought it should be noted].
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
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Herodotus
Herodotus
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