Hero of Belarus - meaning of word
Rozmiar: 8938 bajtów


Hero of Belarus



Hero of Belarus (Belarusian language: Герой Беларусі; Lacinka alphabet: Hieroj Biełarusi; Russian language: Герой Беларуси, Transliteration: Geroy Belarusi) is the highest title that can be bestowed on a citizen of Belarus. Created in 1995, the title is awarded to those who perform great deeds in the name of Belarus. The deed can be for Military of Belarus performance, Economy of Belarus excellence or great service to the State and society. The design of the medal is similiar to its predecessor, Hero of the Soviet Union. The title has only been bestowed upon five people since its creation and only two heroes are living today. ==Creation== The title was created by the Belarus Supreme Soviet on April 13, 1995. The resolution, numbered N 3726-XII, was titled "System of State Awards for the Republic of Belarus." Along side with the Hero of Belarus title, various other medal, order, and titles that can be bestowed by the Belarus government were created by the resolution. The creation of the awards was a way to honor those who gave valuable contributions to Belarus, no matter if the act was performed by a citizen or a foreigner. Article Six of the resolution describes the criteria and the awarding of the title. ==Criteria== In N 3726-XII, Chapter 2, Article 5, the criteria for the title was as stated: ''Title "Hero of Belarus" is the highest degree of difference in the Republic of Belarus and is awarded for exceptional service to state and society, in connection with actions which epitomise the freedom, independence, and prosperity of the Republic of Belarus.'' ==Recommendation process and awarding== Chapter 3, Article 60 of the Law N 3726-XII allows any group (association) of workers to submit a recommendation (petition) for a individual to be awarded the title. This process also works for other state titles. The petition is rejected if the person in question has already been awarded the title in the past. The petition process can also be started ''on the initiative of the Council of Ministers, the Chambers of the National Assembly, the President's administrations, ministries and other republic organs (bodies) of state administration, leading organs of public unions and local government councils.'' The various public bodies of the Belarus government determine whether the individual is worthy enough for the title. Upon their approval, the nomination is forwarded to the Council of Ministers, who themselves forward it to the President of the Republic. In the Belarus Constitution, the official that has the power to confer state awards is the President of the Republic. The President will issue a decree conferring the title to a person. Within a period of two months, the title will be presented by the President in a formal setting, usually at the Presidential Palace in the capital city of Minsk. A certificate (''gramota'') will also be presented to the recipient, signed by the President of the Republic. Article 6 of the resolution states that the title can only be awarded once. Article 68 states that the Hero of Belarus title can be presented posthumously. == Privileges == Law 3599-XII, established on February 21, 1995, promised those who have received titles and high awards and orders in the Soviet Union benefits that they have received before. The awards are Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor, Order of Glory and Order of Labor Glory. Veterans of World War II and their spouses are also entitled to these benefits. Some examples of benefits granted by the government are: *Right to first access of free healthcare for themselves and their spouse. Those who do not use this benefit will be paid in cash in an amount determined by the Council of Ministers. (Law 3599-XII, Chapter 2, Article 4) *The right to first access to state sanatoria, dispensaries, recreation centers, boarding houses, or tourist homes. The cost of these facilies must not be more expensive than 25 percent of the total cost. (Law 3599-XII, Chapter 2, Article 4) *Rent-free housing, utilities, and services. (Law 3599-XII, Chapter 2, Article 5) *One free round trip on rail, airplane, or truck transport. (Law 3599-XII, Chapter 2, Article 6) Some of these benefits were also arranged by Belarus's neighbors. If the Hero dies then the benefits will remain with their spouse as long as they do not remarry and have reached an age to be able to receive a pension. == Construction and display == The recipient of the title is given a medal to show the rank, called Medal of the Hero of Belarus (Belarusian: медаль Героя Беларусі, Russian: медаль Героя Беларуси). The star and suspension are made of gold, thus it is nicknamed "Gold Star," as was its predecessor, the Hero of the Soviet Union. The star has a total diameter of 33 millimetres, and is attached to a rectangular suspension device (boot tree). In the center of the rectangle is a ribbon of two sections of red and one section of green. The red and green bars on the ribbon evoke the design and colors of the Flag of Belarus. The amount of gold is set at 585-1 Test, with the total weight of the medal being 19 grams. The present design was enacted into law by Presidential Decree Number 516 on 6 November, 1999. The medal design is modeled after one used for the Hero of the Soviet Union. Unlike the Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor and the Hero of the Russian Federation titles, there is no engraving on the reverse of the star. The ribbon also copies the Soviet Hero medal, since a flag design was also used to make the ribbon of that medal. The medal is always worn in full on the left side of the breast above all other medals and orders. Chapter 4, Article 69 of Law that created the Belarus State Awards system states that any awards and titles presented by the Soviet Union and the Belorussian SSR must be placed after awards from the Republic of Belarus. In that case, Hero of Belarus and Hero of Socalist Labor Alaksandar Dubko must wear the Hero of Belarus medal before his Hero of Socialist Labor medal. However, Dubko passed away before he was awarded the Hero of Belarus title. === 1996 Project === Before the issue of the current design of the medal, a project (proposal) was drafted up. The major differences between this project and the actual medal is the design of the suspension and the star medallion at the bottom: the top suspension is longer than the bottom, the bottom star is adorned with ruby and the outline of the star is different. The star design evokes a design similar to that used for the Marshal's Star which accompanied the rank Marshal of the Soviet Union. The design also used the red and green ribbon, though more had to be used to cover the suspension device. On close inspection, it can be seen that the green bars formed a small V, though whether this had any specific meaning is uncertain. This medal was adopted by President Decree (Number 26) on 15 May, 1996. This medal was in use for three years until it was replaced by the current design. == Recipients == Since the title was created, it has been bestowed upon five people, all citizens of Belarus. One person has been awarded for a deed performed while in the service of the military, three were awarded for excellence in private industry, and the remaining title was for superior service to the State and society. Two titles were presented posthumously, while the other recipients personally received the title from President Alexander Lukashenko. The first award was given to Uładzimir Karvat, while the rest of the titles were presented June 30, 2001 to Paviel Maryjau, Michajil Karcmit, Vital Kramko and Alaksandar Dubko by Presidental Decree. The only heroes that are currently living are Vital Kramko and Pavieł Maryjaŭ. === Uładzimir Karvat === The first recipient of the title was Lieutenant Colonel Uladzimir Karvat (Vladimir Karvat) (Уладзімір Карват / Владимир Николаевич Карват) (1958-1996). Karvat was honored posthumously for his heroic actions, which took place on November 21, 1996, when his training aircraft (a Su-27p) caught fire. Though he was given the order to eject, the plane was heading directly for a populated area. Keeping that in mind, Karvat steered the plane until it crashed 1 km away from the area of Hacisca. President Łukašenka issued Decree Number 484 that day, awarding Karvat with the title Hero of Belarus. The decree stated: "For heroism while in the performance of military duty, we award Lieutenant Colonel Karvat, Vladimir Nikolayevich the title "Hero of Belarus" (posthumous). === Alaksandar Dubko === Dubko (1938-2001, Belarusian language: Аляксандар Дубко, Russian language: Александр Иосифович Дубко) was the former chairman of the Hrodna Regional Executive Committee. In 1994, he was a candidate for President of Belarus. He also served in the Belarus SSR Supreme Soviet and the USSR Supreme Soviet. The posthumous honor was for his long record of service to the peoples of the former Soviet Union and to the citizens of Belarus. Dubko's citation read "for valiant service to state and society." Dubko also held the title Hero of Socialist Labor. (Decree Number 361)
=== Michajił Karčmit === Michajił Karčmit (1948-2004, Belarusian: Міхаіл Карчміт) was the chairman of the collective agricultural enterprise "Snov" (Агрокомбинат "Снов"), located in the Niasviz region, Minsk Province. Karchmit's citation read "for selfless work and valiant efforts in the development of agricultural production." (Decree Number 362)
=== Vital Kramko === Kramko (1941- , Belarusian: Віталь Крамко (Крэмко), Russian: Виталий Ильич Кремко) is the chairman of "October" (Октябрь), an agriculture collective located in the Hrodna region. Kramko was awarded the title "for selfless work and valiant efforts in the development of agricultural production." (Decree Number 362)
=== Pavieł Maryjaŭ === Maryjaŭ (1938 - , Belarusian: Павел Марыяў, Russian: Павел Лукьянович Мариев), at the time, was director of Belarusian Auto Works (БелАЗ). The citation that came with the title stated "for selfless work and exceptional efforts in the development of domestic automobile construction." Maryjaŭ is currently a member of the Permanent Commission for the Economy, Budget and Finances in the Council of the Republic (Совет Республики/Савет Рэспублікі). (Decree Number 360)
== References == *Army of Belarus (unofficial) [http://armyby.vif2.ru/karvat.html Obituary of Lt. Colonel Vladimir (Uładzimir) Karvat]. Retrieved 14 May 2005. *Belarus Awards (2004) [http://www.belawards.narod.ru/KHeroBlr.htm List of Heroes of Belarus]. Retrieved 17 May 2005. *Belarus Awards [http://www.belawards.narod.ru/HHeroBlr.htm Russian description]. Retrieved 14 May 2005. *Belta.by [http://www.belta.by/7days.nsf/last/02A30460B261A75C42256F6B0040CDDE?OpenDocument Interview with Hero Vital Kramko]. Retrieved 17 May 2005. *Database "Political Elites of Byelorussian Regions" [http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/belregions/data/14.html Biography of Aleksandr Dubko]. Retrieved 18 May 2005. *Council of the Republic of Belarus. [http://www.sovrep.gov.by/index.php/.436.1106...0.0.0.html Biography of Hero Pavieł Maryjaŭ (Mariyev)]. Retrieved 17 May 2005. *President of the Republic of Belarus (24 May 2004). [http://www.president.gov.by/print/rus/president/news/archive/may2004/24-31/ne2405-3.html Obituary of Hero Michajił Karčmit]. Retrieved 16 May 2005. *President of the Republic of Belarus (2001). [http://www.president.gov.by/rus/president/speech/2001/pramova.html Speech announcing the 2001 Heroes]. Retrieved 23 May 2005. *The National Legal Internet Portal of the Republic of Belarus [http://pravo.by/webnpa/text.asp?show=all&RN=H10400288 Belarus Law N 3726-XII]. Retrieved 14 May 2005. *The National Legal Internet Portal or the Republic of Belarus [http://pravo.by/webnpa/text.asp?RN=V19503599 Belarus Law N 3599-XII]. Retrieved 16 May 2005. Awards and decorations of Belarus

Hero of Belarus



---- * Wikipedia:Peer review/Hero of Belarus Completed 23:46, 16 May 2005 (UTC) ---- == Intro by author == Well, if you folks stumble onto this article, you will see more additions to it. I am trying to get this article to the Wikipedia:Featured article candidates, so if you have any suggestions, issues, comments, anything, just let me know. Thanks, User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 03:20, 15 May 2005 (UTC) == FAC == Ok, right now, I am going to compare this article and the criteria of an FA Candidate. === The Criteria === # Exemplify Wikipedia's very best work. Represent what Wikipedia offers that is unique on the Internet. **I think that if everything below is in line, this should be taken care of. Plus, the drawings I did can show what artisitic skills Wikipedians have. # Be comprehensive, factually accurate, stable, and well-written. Read Wikipedia:How to write a great article and Wikipedia:The perfect article to see how high the bar can be set. #* Comprehensive: Covers the topic in its entirety; does not omit any major facts or details. ***Check. We covered the design, history and recipients. Though, I still need to add what benefits the Heroes recieve. #* Accurate: Supports facts with specifics and external citations (see Wikipedia:Verifiability). Includes references, arranged in a ==References== section and enhanced by the appropriate use of inline citations (see Wikipedia:Cite sources). ***I got the references cited, but I should probably change the format. #* Stable: Should be mostly static, and not change rapidly from day to day. ***Check. #* Well-written: Compelling, even "brilliant" prose—the former name for featured articles. ***Check. # Be uncontroversial (see Wikipedia:Guidelines for controversial articles) and not have ongoing Wikipedia:Edit war (see Wikipedia:Resolving disputes). **Check. # Comply with the standards set in the Wikipedia:Manual of Style, as well as relevant Wikipedia:WikiProject. This includes having a Wikipedia:Lead section which is ''brief'' but ''sufficient'' to summarize the entire topic, Wikipedia:Headings and have a substantial, but not overwhelming table of contents (see Wikipedia:Section). **Check. # Have Wikipedia:Images where appropriate, with Wikipedia:Captions and acceptable wikipedia:Copyrights. However, an article does not ''have to'' have a picture to be featured. **Check. Two images were drawn by me, two useds a Promotional/Government photos. If there is anything else anyone wants to add, go right ahead, but I feel ok about it being FA. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 20:08, 16 May 2005 (UTC) == Bios == Well, a person mentioned we should have bios on all of the Heroes, since there is five of them (to my last count). The following people I have not found bios on. *Aleksandr Dubko **Deceased, was leader of the Agrarian Party of Belarus, also was a Presidential Candidate. *Vitalius Kremko **Not sure about this gentleman *Pavel luk'yanovich Mariyev **He is a Member of the PERMANENT COMMISSION FOR THE ECONOMY, BUDGET and FINANCES, so we can find information on him. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 20:33, 16 May 2005 (UTC) == Privleges == I will try to get this section finished today. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 23:00, 16 May 2005 (UTC) == Russian? == Why is the Russian name for the medal given, but not the Belarusian name? --User:Angr/User_talk:Angr 23:40, 16 May 2005 (UTC) :All of the official documents have the name in Russian. I have not been able to located the Belarussian name for it. If you find it, that will be wonderful. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 23:42, 16 May 2005 (UTC) :I can help with Belarusian names. There are two ways of writing Belarusian names in Latin: Translit (straight transliteration from cyrillic to English Latin) or Lacinka. So, names would be: Łacinka: Translit: Pavał Maryjaŭ | Paval Maryyau Uładzimier Karvat | Uladzimer Karvat Alaksandar Dubko | Alyaksandar Dubko Michał Karčmit | Mikhal Karchmit Vital Kramko | (the same) :--User:Czalex 03:55, 24 May 2005 (UTC) ::Thanks a bunch. You can go ahead and place them on the article, or I can do it tomorrow. I think what Angr is talking about is why I had the Russian name of the medal, but not the Belarusian one. I found it today, and I will let Angr know about it now. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 03:59, 24 May 2005 (UTC) :::One more thing: I was wondering if you can do the Lacinka name for Hero of Belarus? Thanks in advance. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 04:43, 24 May 2005 (UTC) ::::Done that! ::::One thing we have to discuss on this topic: Lukashists [supporters of the Łukašenka regime and modern Belarusian officials] usually use only Russian language, but Belarusian is also a recognised state language and the national language of Belarus. Belarusian and Russian versions of the same names differ - shall we put both Russian and Belarusian names (personal and like with ''Герой Беларусі'' or ''Савет Рэспублікі'') every time or will it be too much a waste of space?--User:Czalex 04:46, 24 May 2005 (UTC) :::::My guess is that it should be needed, and here is why: Official laws are printed in Russian, as you have mentioned correctly. Many websites I have seen from the Belarusian Government are in Russian. That was why I have the Russian names first, and if I stumble on the Belarusian name, I use it too. Plus, I do not think it is a waste of space, since if you look at the Belarus article, the long and short name of Belarus was given in many languages. And, it pretty much gives the users text to copy and paste into Google and search the subject. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 04:57, 24 May 2005 (UTC) == WP:FA == Score! User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 05:17, 24 May 2005 (UTC) == Alexander Lukashenko == Everyone knows that Alexander Lukashenko is a very modest man, but I think his name should be mentioned in a more prominent place of the article. It would not only add credibility to the "Hero of Belarus" title but also put it in the right perspective for an unaware reader. Therefore I propose to mention in the second sentence that Alexander Lukashenko is awarding the title. User:Wojsyl 16:23, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC) :Instead of Lukashenko, how about we use a netural term, like the President of Belarus. Mainly, so the article can stay static for a while. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 16:30, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC) ::Better yet, it should be fine the way it is right now. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 16:32, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC) == Dubko Medals == I removed the picture, since I have no proof that he would have done that. It is just hypothetical, and plus, there was a special medal bar for those awarded two or more hero titles. User:Zscout370 User_talk:Zscout370 23:15, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)


See other meanings of words starting from letter:

H

HA | HB | HC | HD | HE | HF | HG | HI | HJ | HK | HL | HM | HN | HO | HP | HR | HS | HT | HU | HW | HX | HY | HZ |

Words begining with Hero_of_Belarus:

Hero_of_Belarus
Hero_of_Belarus


These materials are based on Wikipedia and licensed under the GNU FDL



YouTube.com videos better site than Turbo Tax 2007
encyklopedia online