
Henri Marie Coandă (June 7, 1886 – November 25, 1972) was a Romanian inventor, aerodynamics pioneer and the parent of the modern jet aircraft. ==Life== Born in Bucharest, Coandă was the second child of a large family. His father was General Constantin Coanda, a mathematics professor at the National School of Power and Roads. His mother, Aida Danet, was the daughter of French physician Gustave Danet, and was born in Brittany. He was later to recall that even as a child he was fascinated by the miracle of wind. Coandă studied at the ''Petrache Poenaru'' Communal School in Bucharest, then at the Liceu ''Sf. Sava'' (1896). After three years (1899), his father, who desired a military career for him, had him transfer to the Military Liceu in Iasi. He graduated from that institution in 1903 with the rank of sergeant major, and he continued his studies at the School of Artillery, Military, and Naval Engineering in Bucharest. Sent with an artillery regiment to Germany (1904), he enrolled in the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg, Berlin. Coandă graduated as an artillery officer, but he was more interested in the technical problems of flight. In 1905, he built a missile-airplane for the Romanian Army. He continued his studies (1907-1908) at the Montefiore Institute in Liège (city), Belgium. In 1908 Coandă returned to Romania to serve as an active officer in the Second Artillery Regiment. However, his inventor's spirit did not comport well with military discipline; he solicited and obtained permission to leave the army, after which he took advantage of his renewed freedom to take a long automobile trip to Isfahan, Teheran, and Tibet. Upon his return in 1909, he travelled to Paris, where he enrolled in the newly founded École Nationale Superieure d'Ingenieurs en Construction Aeronautique; one year later (1910) he graduated at the head of the first class of Aerospace engineerings. With the support of engineer Gustave Eiffel and the mathematician, politician, and aeronautical pioneer Paul Painlevé, he began experimenting the aerodynamic techniques: one of this experiments was mounting a device on a train running at 90 km/h so he could analyse the aerodynamic behavior. Another experiment used a wind tunnel with smoke and an aerodynamical balance to profile wings to be used in designing aircraft. This led to the discovery of the aerodynamic effect now known as the Coanda Effect. In 1910, using the workshop of Joachim Caproni, he designed, built and piloted the first 'thermojet' powered aircraft, known as the Coanda-1910, which he demonstrated publicly at the second International Aeronautic Salon in Paris. The powerplant used a 4-cylinder piston engine to power a compressor, which fed to two burners for thust, instead of using a propeller. It would be nearly 30-years until the next thermojet powered aircraft, the Campini Caproni CC.2. (See also Jet engine) At the airport of Issy-les-Moulineaux near Paris, Coandă lost control of the jet plane, which went off of the runway and caught fire. Fortunately, he escaped with just a good scare and some minor injuries to his face and hands. Around that time, Coandă abandoned his experiments due to a lack of interest and support on the part of the public and of scientific and engineering institutions. Between 1911 and 1914, he worked as technical director of Bristol Aeroplane Company in the United Kingdom, where he designed several airplanes known as Bristol-Coandă airplanes. In 1912 one of these planes won the first prize at the International Military Aviation Contest in United Kingdom. In 1915, he went again to France where, working during World War I for Delaunay-Belleville in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, he designed and built three different models of propeller airplane, including the Coanda-1916, with two propellers mounted close to the tail; this design was to be reprised in the "Caravelle" transport airplane, for which Coandă was a technical consultant. In the years between the wars, he continued traveling and inventing; inventions included the first jet-powered sleigh, and the first de luxe aerodynamic railroad train. In 1934 he was granted a French patent related to the ''Coandă Effect''; in 1935, he used the same principle as the basis for a hovercraft called "Aerodina Lenticulara", which was very similar in shape to the military flying saucerss later developed by Avro Canada before being bought by USAF and become a classified information project. In 1969, during the first years of the Nicolae Ceausescu era, he returned to spend his last days in his native Romania, where he served as director of the Institute for Scientific and Technical Creation(INCREST) and in 1971 reorganized, along with professor Elie Carafoli, the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the Universitatea Politehnica Bucuresti, spinning it off from the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Coandă died in Bucharest November 25, 1972 at the age of 86. Bucharest's Henri Coanda Airport, Bucharest is named after him. == Quotes == : "These airplanes we have today are no more than a perfection of a child's toy made of paper. In my opinion, we should search for a completely different flying machine, based on other flying principles. I imagine a future aircraft, which will take off vertically, fly as usual, and land vertically. This flying machine should have no moving parts. This idea came from the huge power of cyclones." == Inventions and discoveries == * 1910: A mobile platform for aerodynamic experiments, mounted on the side of a train, running at 90 km/h on the Paris - Saint-Quentin route. Effectively, this gave him a wind tunnel; using smoke and a photographic camera of his own design, he was able to test the stability of designs for airplane wings. * 1910: The Coandă-1910, the world's first thermojet aircraft. * 1911: A two-engine, one-propellor airplane. * 1911-1914 as technical director of Bristol Aeroplane Company, designed the Bristol-Coandă airplanes. * 1914-1916: at Delaunay-Belleville, designed three more types of airplane, including the Coandă-1916, with two motors near the tail. * He invented a new decorative material for use in construction, ''beton-bois''; one prominent example of its use is the 1926 Palace of Culture, in Iasi. * 1926: Working in Romania, Coandă developed a device to detect liquids under ground, useful in petroleum prospecting. Shortly thereafter, in the Persian Gulf region, he designed a system for offshore oil drilling. * Probably the most famous of Coandă's discoveries is the Coanda Effect. After the crash of the "Coandă 1910" airplane, Coandă observed that flames and incandescent gas emitted by the fire tended to remain close to the fuselage. After more than 20 years studying this phenomenon along with his colleagues, Coandă described what Albert Metral was later to name the "Coandă Effect." This effect has been utilized in many aeronautical inventions and is crucial to successful supersonic flight. == Awards and medals == *1956: In New York, Coandă was honored as the inventor of the first jet airplane: one speaker lauded him as "the past, present and the future of aviation." *1965: At the Internaţional Automation Symposium in New York, Coandă received the Harry Diamond Laboratories Award. *Award and Grand Gold Medal "Vielles Tiges". *UNESCO Award for Scientific Research *The Medal of French Aeronautics, Order of Merit, and Commander ring ==External links== * [http://www.crossandcockade.com/WNW/coanda.htm Coandă aircraft: Pre-WWI wooden wonder] * http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/coanda.htm 1886 births 1972 deaths Aeronautical engineers Romanian inventors Romanian engineers Romanian-French people
I took the liberty of improving the English of the translated quotation in the "Quotes" section. However, I'd love to see the original to verify that it is translated correctly. It's not in the (rather extensive) Romanian-language Wikipedia article from which I have been drawing most of this material. -- User:Jmabel 07:17, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC) I've brought in the list of Awards and Medals from the Romanian-language site. However, I'm a little skeptical about its accuracy, especially (1) the vagueness of the first New York listing and (2) the actual names of the various medals. I see essentially the same list reproduced around the web, apparently first published in Romanian and then translated or mistranslated from there. If someone who likes to do the kind of research that actually involves hitting library archives rather than just browsing the web wants to work on one aspect of this article, that list might merit a good fact-check. -- User:Jmabel 08:11, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC) "Liceu" is romanian for "Highschool" [User:Mihai] 19 Dec 03 Agreed, in terms of the age of the students but the word is well-known in English (from the French) and the curriculum, as I understand it, resembles a French ''liceu'' far more than an American high school. Similarly, in an article about a German, I would not translate ''gymnasium''. -- User:Jmabel 17:38, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC) User:Greyengine5 recently changed "the world's first jet plane" to "the world's first thermojet aircraft." There were also some other related edits. I believe he is subtantially correct (a thermojet is not the same thing as what we usually call a "jet"), but I do believe that this was the first aircraft to use jet propulsion of any sort. Unless I am wrong (and this is ''not'' an area were I am expert), the article should say as much. -- User:Jmabel 17:33, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
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Words begining with Henri_Coanda:
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Henri Coanda
Henri Marie Coandă (June 7, 1886 – November 25, 1972) was a Romanian inventor, aerodynamics pioneer and the parent of the modern jet aircraft. ==Life== Born in Bucharest, Coandă was the second child of a large family. His father was General Constantin Coanda, a mathematics professor at the National School of Power and Roads. His mother, Aida Danet, was the daughter of French physician Gustave Danet, and was born in Brittany. He was later to recall that even as a child he was fascinated by the miracle of wind. Coandă studied at the ''Petrache Poenaru'' Communal School in Bucharest, then at the Liceu ''Sf. Sava'' (1896). After three years (1899), his father, who desired a military career for him, had him transfer to the Military Liceu in Iasi. He graduated from that institution in 1903 with the rank of sergeant major, and he continued his studies at the School of Artillery, Military, and Naval Engineering in Bucharest. Sent with an artillery regiment to Germany (1904), he enrolled in the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg, Berlin. Coandă graduated as an artillery officer, but he was more interested in the technical problems of flight. In 1905, he built a missile-airplane for the Romanian Army. He continued his studies (1907-1908) at the Montefiore Institute in Liège (city), Belgium. In 1908 Coandă returned to Romania to serve as an active officer in the Second Artillery Regiment. However, his inventor's spirit did not comport well with military discipline; he solicited and obtained permission to leave the army, after which he took advantage of his renewed freedom to take a long automobile trip to Isfahan, Teheran, and Tibet. Upon his return in 1909, he travelled to Paris, where he enrolled in the newly founded École Nationale Superieure d'Ingenieurs en Construction Aeronautique; one year later (1910) he graduated at the head of the first class of Aerospace engineerings. With the support of engineer Gustave Eiffel and the mathematician, politician, and aeronautical pioneer Paul Painlevé, he began experimenting the aerodynamic techniques: one of this experiments was mounting a device on a train running at 90 km/h so he could analyse the aerodynamic behavior. Another experiment used a wind tunnel with smoke and an aerodynamical balance to profile wings to be used in designing aircraft. This led to the discovery of the aerodynamic effect now known as the Coanda Effect. In 1910, using the workshop of Joachim Caproni, he designed, built and piloted the first 'thermojet' powered aircraft, known as the Coanda-1910, which he demonstrated publicly at the second International Aeronautic Salon in Paris. The powerplant used a 4-cylinder piston engine to power a compressor, which fed to two burners for thust, instead of using a propeller. It would be nearly 30-years until the next thermojet powered aircraft, the Campini Caproni CC.2. (See also Jet engine) At the airport of Issy-les-Moulineaux near Paris, Coandă lost control of the jet plane, which went off of the runway and caught fire. Fortunately, he escaped with just a good scare and some minor injuries to his face and hands. Around that time, Coandă abandoned his experiments due to a lack of interest and support on the part of the public and of scientific and engineering institutions. Between 1911 and 1914, he worked as technical director of Bristol Aeroplane Company in the United Kingdom, where he designed several airplanes known as Bristol-Coandă airplanes. In 1912 one of these planes won the first prize at the International Military Aviation Contest in United Kingdom. In 1915, he went again to France where, working during World War I for Delaunay-Belleville in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, he designed and built three different models of propeller airplane, including the Coanda-1916, with two propellers mounted close to the tail; this design was to be reprised in the "Caravelle" transport airplane, for which Coandă was a technical consultant. In the years between the wars, he continued traveling and inventing; inventions included the first jet-powered sleigh, and the first de luxe aerodynamic railroad train. In 1934 he was granted a French patent related to the ''Coandă Effect''; in 1935, he used the same principle as the basis for a hovercraft called "Aerodina Lenticulara", which was very similar in shape to the military flying saucerss later developed by Avro Canada before being bought by USAF and become a classified information project. In 1969, during the first years of the Nicolae Ceausescu era, he returned to spend his last days in his native Romania, where he served as director of the Institute for Scientific and Technical Creation(INCREST) and in 1971 reorganized, along with professor Elie Carafoli, the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the Universitatea Politehnica Bucuresti, spinning it off from the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Coandă died in Bucharest November 25, 1972 at the age of 86. Bucharest's Henri Coanda Airport, Bucharest is named after him. == Quotes == : "These airplanes we have today are no more than a perfection of a child's toy made of paper. In my opinion, we should search for a completely different flying machine, based on other flying principles. I imagine a future aircraft, which will take off vertically, fly as usual, and land vertically. This flying machine should have no moving parts. This idea came from the huge power of cyclones." == Inventions and discoveries == * 1910: A mobile platform for aerodynamic experiments, mounted on the side of a train, running at 90 km/h on the Paris - Saint-Quentin route. Effectively, this gave him a wind tunnel; using smoke and a photographic camera of his own design, he was able to test the stability of designs for airplane wings. * 1910: The Coandă-1910, the world's first thermojet aircraft. * 1911: A two-engine, one-propellor airplane. * 1911-1914 as technical director of Bristol Aeroplane Company, designed the Bristol-Coandă airplanes. * 1914-1916: at Delaunay-Belleville, designed three more types of airplane, including the Coandă-1916, with two motors near the tail. * He invented a new decorative material for use in construction, ''beton-bois''; one prominent example of its use is the 1926 Palace of Culture, in Iasi. * 1926: Working in Romania, Coandă developed a device to detect liquids under ground, useful in petroleum prospecting. Shortly thereafter, in the Persian Gulf region, he designed a system for offshore oil drilling. * Probably the most famous of Coandă's discoveries is the Coanda Effect. After the crash of the "Coandă 1910" airplane, Coandă observed that flames and incandescent gas emitted by the fire tended to remain close to the fuselage. After more than 20 years studying this phenomenon along with his colleagues, Coandă described what Albert Metral was later to name the "Coandă Effect." This effect has been utilized in many aeronautical inventions and is crucial to successful supersonic flight. == Awards and medals == *1956: In New York, Coandă was honored as the inventor of the first jet airplane: one speaker lauded him as "the past, present and the future of aviation." *1965: At the Internaţional Automation Symposium in New York, Coandă received the Harry Diamond Laboratories Award. *Award and Grand Gold Medal "Vielles Tiges". *UNESCO Award for Scientific Research *The Medal of French Aeronautics, Order of Merit, and Commander ring ==External links== * [http://www.crossandcockade.com/WNW/coanda.htm Coandă aircraft: Pre-WWI wooden wonder] * http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/coanda.htm 1886 births 1972 deaths Aeronautical engineers Romanian inventors Romanian engineers Romanian-French people
Henri Coanda
I took the liberty of improving the English of the translated quotation in the "Quotes" section. However, I'd love to see the original to verify that it is translated correctly. It's not in the (rather extensive) Romanian-language Wikipedia article from which I have been drawing most of this material. -- User:Jmabel 07:17, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC) I've brought in the list of Awards and Medals from the Romanian-language site. However, I'm a little skeptical about its accuracy, especially (1) the vagueness of the first New York listing and (2) the actual names of the various medals. I see essentially the same list reproduced around the web, apparently first published in Romanian and then translated or mistranslated from there. If someone who likes to do the kind of research that actually involves hitting library archives rather than just browsing the web wants to work on one aspect of this article, that list might merit a good fact-check. -- User:Jmabel 08:11, 10 Dec 2003 (UTC) "Liceu" is romanian for "Highschool" [User:Mihai] 19 Dec 03 Agreed, in terms of the age of the students but the word is well-known in English (from the French) and the curriculum, as I understand it, resembles a French ''liceu'' far more than an American high school. Similarly, in an article about a German, I would not translate ''gymnasium''. -- User:Jmabel 17:38, 19 Dec 2003 (UTC) User:Greyengine5 recently changed "the world's first jet plane" to "the world's first thermojet aircraft." There were also some other related edits. I believe he is subtantially correct (a thermojet is not the same thing as what we usually call a "jet"), but I do believe that this was the first aircraft to use jet propulsion of any sort. Unless I am wrong (and this is ''not'' an area were I am expert), the article should say as much. -- User:Jmabel 17:33, 26 Apr 2004 (UTC)
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