
:''This article is about musical harmony. For other uses of the term, see Harmony (disambiguation).'' Harmony is the use and study of pitch simultaneity and chord (music)s, actual or implied, in music. It is sometimes referred to as the "vertical" aspect of music, with melody being the "horizontal" aspect. Very often, harmony is a result of counterpoint or polyphony, several melodic lines or motifs being played at once, though harmony may control the counterpoint. __TOC__ The word ''harmony'' comes from the Greek language ἁρμονία ''harmonía'' meaning "a fastening or join". The concept of harmony dates as far back as Pythagoras. Some traditions of music performance, Musical composition, and music theory have specific rules of harmony. These rules are often held to be based on a natural properties such as Pythagorean tuning's low whole number ratios ("harmoniousness" being inherent in the ratios either perceptually or in themselves) or harmonics and resonances ("harmoniousness" being inherent in the quality of sound), with the allowable pitches and harmonies gaining their beauty or simplicity from their closeness to those properties. Although most harmony comes about as a result of two or more notes being sounded simultaneously, it is possible to create harmony with only one melodic line. There are many pieces from the baroque music period for solo string instruments for example, in which chords are very rare, but which nonetheless convey a full sense of harmony. For much of the history of western classical music, including the common practice period, the conventions and rules of harmony were strictly enforced, often by the controlling influence of the Roman Catholic Church, while folk music and non-Western music also developed often widely different notions of harmony. Church music was controlled by the churches in the Baroque and Classical periods, and music which had harmonies considered too dissonant were frowned upon. However, there was a general trend from the classical period to the 20th century in western classical music for harmony to become more advanced, with composers breaking many of the conventions which were once considered "rules". Carl Dahlhaus (1990) distinguishes between coordinate and subordinate harmony. Subordinate harmony is the hierarchical tonality or tonal harmony well known today, while coordinate harmony is the older Medieval music and Renaissance music ''tonalité ancienne'', "the term is meant to signify that sonorities are linked one after the other without giving rise to the impression of a goal-directed development. A first chord forms a "progression" with a second chord, and a second with a third. But the earlier chord progression is independent of the later one and vice versa." Coordinate harmony follows direct (adjacent) relationships rather than indirect as in subordinate. Interval cycles create symmetrical harmonies, such as frequently in the music of Alban Berg, George Perle, Arnold Schoenberg, Béla Bartók, and Edgard Varèse's ''Density 21.5''. Harmony may also be distinguished as centrifugal or centripetal harmony, harmony which leads away from or to the tonic, respectively. For example, music of the classical music era is most often centrifugal, while the ragtime progression is centripetal. (van der Merwe 1989) Together Tonality and Chord (music) contain much information on harmony. ==See also== * Rhythm * Consonance_and_dissonance * Harmonic series (music) * Chord sequence * Physics of music * Mathematics of musical scales * unified field ==Further reading== *''Twentieth Century Harmony: Creative Aspects and Practice'' by Vincent Persichetti, ISBN 0393095398. *Arnold Schoenberg -- ''Harmonielehre''. Universal Edition, 1911. Trans. by Roy Carter as ''Theory of Harmony''. University of California Press, 1978 *Arnold Schoenberg -- ''Structural Functions of Harmony''. Ernest Benn Limited, second (revised) edition, 1969. Ed. Leonard Stein. *Walter Piston -- ''Harmony'', 1969. ISBN 0393954803. *Copley, R. Evan (1991). ''Harmony, Baroque to Contemporary, Part One'' (2nd ed.). Champaign: Stipes Publishing. ISBN 0-87563-373-0. *Copley, R. Evan (1991). ''Harmony, Baroque to Contemporary, Part Two'' (2nd ed.). Champaign: Stipes Publishing. ISBN 0-87563-377-3. ==References== *Dahlhaus, Carl. Gjerdingen, Robert O. trans. (1990). ''Studies in the Origin of Harmonic Tonality'', p.141. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691091358. *van der Merwe, Peter (1989). ''Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0193161214. ==External links== *[http://www-student.furman.edu/users/r/rkelley/tonalharmony.htm Tonal Harmony Reference Materials for the Undergraduate Theory Student] *[http://www.harmony.org.uk Harmonic Progressions with demos and how to harmonise a melody] *[http://www.musique.umontreal.ca/personnel/Belkin/bk.H/H1.html General Principles of Harmony by Alan Belkin] *[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/ Tonalsoft Encyclopaedia of Tuning] Music theory Music history Harmony
==Dinergic== The article included the following: :''It'' [harmony] ''is a dinergic relationship, which is the fitting and joining of often contrasting elements. It is the fundamental basis of the Golden Mean.'' I think mentioning dinergy here, which is a rather obscure concept, gives it too much prominence (besides which, the article on dinergy says it is "the pattern-forming process of the union of opposites", which isn't what harmony is, it seems to me). The Golden Mean sentence seems meaningless to me. The golden mean is a middle path; I don't see as this has anything to do with harmony. (There's also the mathematical meaning of course, which also has nothing to do with conventional harmony, though it's true a small number of people have written music using a tuning system based on the golden ratio.) --User:Camembert :It's just struck me that the author may have been thinking not about musical harmony, but about harmony as a general concept. If so, maybe the above makes sense, but it really doesn't belong in this article, which is explicitly just about the musical kind of harmony. Where it might belong instead, I don't really know, but it should be linked from Harmony (disambiguation), I guess. --User:Camembert ::Harmony is also in nature and humans copied that into architecture and pottery. User:WHEELER 15:43, 15 May 2004 (UTC) :::OK, so you didn't mean harmony in music, then? If so, that's OK, as I said, there's probably a place for what you wrote on the Wikipedia somewhere. But this page is explicitly about harmony in music, and I think it's better to keep it that way - things could get quite confusing and confused if we mix the various concepts of harmony together. Like I say, maybe it could be worked into Harmony (disambiguation) or given its own page. --User:Camembert ---- ==Consonance and dissonance== The following sentence: :''Notes may be considered to be in harmony with each other when some of the harmonics of each note, especially the louder harmonics (which are often the lower ones), share the same frequency.'' confuses ''harmony'' with ''consonance''. While this is in line with non-musical uses of the term (as opposed to ''disharmony''), in music dissonances are considered harmony as well. User:Wahoofive 22:10, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) :How does it look now? User:Hyacinth 22:25, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) Much better. User:Wahoofive 06:56, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Church== The influence of churches on harmonic language is overstated. Developments in harmony were due to the taste of individual composers and listeners (and patrons); although some of them were church members or clergy, there was no consistent policy on harmony from either Catholic or Protestant churches. Other aspects of music were regulated, such as instrumental accompaniment, but I'm not aware than any churches banned diminished-seventh chords or augmented sixths or whatever as a matter of church policy. User:Wahoofive 22:18, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) :As a general example of churches controlling music Gregorian chant mentions "edicts of Rome...attempting to establish a consistent practice during this period" [400-800 CE]. User:Hyacinth 22:30, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) Churches have often controlled music, but not specifically harmony, AFAIK. User:Wahoofive 06:56, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Good point. Perhaps you could remove it to talk as in the proposed policy Wikipedia:Confirm queried sources. User:Hyacinth 16:43, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Musical techniquesAspects of music
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Harmony:
Harmony
Harmony
Harmony
Harmony,California
Harmony,_CA
Harmony,_California
Harmony,_IN
Harmony,_Indiana
Harmony,_Maine
Harmony,_Maryland
Harmony,_MD
Harmony,_ME
Harmony,_Minnesota
Harmony,_MN
Harmony,_NC
Harmony,_New_Jersey
Harmony,_New_York
Harmony,_NJ
Harmony,_North_Carolina
Harmony,_Ontario
Harmony,_PA
Harmony,_Pennsylvania
Harmony,_Price_County,_WI
Harmony,_Price_County,_Wisconsin
Harmony,_Rock_County,_WI
Harmony,_Rock_County,_Wisconsin
Harmony,_Vernon_County,_WI
Harmony,_Vernon_County,_Wisconsin
Harmony,_WI
Harmony,_Wisconsin
Harmony_(album)
Harmony_(album)
Harmony_(disambiguation)
Harmony_(music)
Harmony_Airways
Harmony_Concepts,_Inc.
Harmony_Corruption
Harmony_Gold
Harmony_Kendall
Harmony_Korine
Harmony_of_the_Worlds
Harmony_Society
Harmony_toolkit
Harmony_Township
Harmony_Township,_Beaver_County,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Beaver_County,_Pennsylvania
Harmony_Township,_Forest_County,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Forest_County,_Pennsylvania
Harmony_Township,_Minnesota
Harmony_Township,_MN
Harmony_Township,_New_Jersey
Harmony_Township,_NJ
Harmony_Township,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Pennsylvania
Harmony_Township,_Susquehanna_County,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Susquehanna_County,_Pennsylvania
Harmony
:''This article is about musical harmony. For other uses of the term, see Harmony (disambiguation).'' Harmony is the use and study of pitch simultaneity and chord (music)s, actual or implied, in music. It is sometimes referred to as the "vertical" aspect of music, with melody being the "horizontal" aspect. Very often, harmony is a result of counterpoint or polyphony, several melodic lines or motifs being played at once, though harmony may control the counterpoint. __TOC__ The word ''harmony'' comes from the Greek language ἁρμονία ''harmonía'' meaning "a fastening or join". The concept of harmony dates as far back as Pythagoras. Some traditions of music performance, Musical composition, and music theory have specific rules of harmony. These rules are often held to be based on a natural properties such as Pythagorean tuning's low whole number ratios ("harmoniousness" being inherent in the ratios either perceptually or in themselves) or harmonics and resonances ("harmoniousness" being inherent in the quality of sound), with the allowable pitches and harmonies gaining their beauty or simplicity from their closeness to those properties. Although most harmony comes about as a result of two or more notes being sounded simultaneously, it is possible to create harmony with only one melodic line. There are many pieces from the baroque music period for solo string instruments for example, in which chords are very rare, but which nonetheless convey a full sense of harmony. For much of the history of western classical music, including the common practice period, the conventions and rules of harmony were strictly enforced, often by the controlling influence of the Roman Catholic Church, while folk music and non-Western music also developed often widely different notions of harmony. Church music was controlled by the churches in the Baroque and Classical periods, and music which had harmonies considered too dissonant were frowned upon. However, there was a general trend from the classical period to the 20th century in western classical music for harmony to become more advanced, with composers breaking many of the conventions which were once considered "rules". Carl Dahlhaus (1990) distinguishes between coordinate and subordinate harmony. Subordinate harmony is the hierarchical tonality or tonal harmony well known today, while coordinate harmony is the older Medieval music and Renaissance music ''tonalité ancienne'', "the term is meant to signify that sonorities are linked one after the other without giving rise to the impression of a goal-directed development. A first chord forms a "progression" with a second chord, and a second with a third. But the earlier chord progression is independent of the later one and vice versa." Coordinate harmony follows direct (adjacent) relationships rather than indirect as in subordinate. Interval cycles create symmetrical harmonies, such as frequently in the music of Alban Berg, George Perle, Arnold Schoenberg, Béla Bartók, and Edgard Varèse's ''Density 21.5''. Harmony may also be distinguished as centrifugal or centripetal harmony, harmony which leads away from or to the tonic, respectively. For example, music of the classical music era is most often centrifugal, while the ragtime progression is centripetal. (van der Merwe 1989) Together Tonality and Chord (music) contain much information on harmony. ==See also== * Rhythm * Consonance_and_dissonance * Harmonic series (music) * Chord sequence * Physics of music * Mathematics of musical scales * unified field ==Further reading== *''Twentieth Century Harmony: Creative Aspects and Practice'' by Vincent Persichetti, ISBN 0393095398. *Arnold Schoenberg -- ''Harmonielehre''. Universal Edition, 1911. Trans. by Roy Carter as ''Theory of Harmony''. University of California Press, 1978 *Arnold Schoenberg -- ''Structural Functions of Harmony''. Ernest Benn Limited, second (revised) edition, 1969. Ed. Leonard Stein. *Walter Piston -- ''Harmony'', 1969. ISBN 0393954803. *Copley, R. Evan (1991). ''Harmony, Baroque to Contemporary, Part One'' (2nd ed.). Champaign: Stipes Publishing. ISBN 0-87563-373-0. *Copley, R. Evan (1991). ''Harmony, Baroque to Contemporary, Part Two'' (2nd ed.). Champaign: Stipes Publishing. ISBN 0-87563-377-3. ==References== *Dahlhaus, Carl. Gjerdingen, Robert O. trans. (1990). ''Studies in the Origin of Harmonic Tonality'', p.141. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691091358. *van der Merwe, Peter (1989). ''Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0193161214. ==External links== *[http://www-student.furman.edu/users/r/rkelley/tonalharmony.htm Tonal Harmony Reference Materials for the Undergraduate Theory Student] *[http://www.harmony.org.uk Harmonic Progressions with demos and how to harmonise a melody] *[http://www.musique.umontreal.ca/personnel/Belkin/bk.H/H1.html General Principles of Harmony by Alan Belkin] *[http://tonalsoft.com/enc/ Tonalsoft Encyclopaedia of Tuning] Music theory Music history Harmony
Harmony
==Dinergic== The article included the following: :''It'' [harmony] ''is a dinergic relationship, which is the fitting and joining of often contrasting elements. It is the fundamental basis of the Golden Mean.'' I think mentioning dinergy here, which is a rather obscure concept, gives it too much prominence (besides which, the article on dinergy says it is "the pattern-forming process of the union of opposites", which isn't what harmony is, it seems to me). The Golden Mean sentence seems meaningless to me. The golden mean is a middle path; I don't see as this has anything to do with harmony. (There's also the mathematical meaning of course, which also has nothing to do with conventional harmony, though it's true a small number of people have written music using a tuning system based on the golden ratio.) --User:Camembert :It's just struck me that the author may have been thinking not about musical harmony, but about harmony as a general concept. If so, maybe the above makes sense, but it really doesn't belong in this article, which is explicitly just about the musical kind of harmony. Where it might belong instead, I don't really know, but it should be linked from Harmony (disambiguation), I guess. --User:Camembert ::Harmony is also in nature and humans copied that into architecture and pottery. User:WHEELER 15:43, 15 May 2004 (UTC) :::OK, so you didn't mean harmony in music, then? If so, that's OK, as I said, there's probably a place for what you wrote on the Wikipedia somewhere. But this page is explicitly about harmony in music, and I think it's better to keep it that way - things could get quite confusing and confused if we mix the various concepts of harmony together. Like I say, maybe it could be worked into Harmony (disambiguation) or given its own page. --User:Camembert ---- ==Consonance and dissonance== The following sentence: :''Notes may be considered to be in harmony with each other when some of the harmonics of each note, especially the louder harmonics (which are often the lower ones), share the same frequency.'' confuses ''harmony'' with ''consonance''. While this is in line with non-musical uses of the term (as opposed to ''disharmony''), in music dissonances are considered harmony as well. User:Wahoofive 22:10, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) :How does it look now? User:Hyacinth 22:25, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) Much better. User:Wahoofive 06:56, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Church== The influence of churches on harmonic language is overstated. Developments in harmony were due to the taste of individual composers and listeners (and patrons); although some of them were church members or clergy, there was no consistent policy on harmony from either Catholic or Protestant churches. Other aspects of music were regulated, such as instrumental accompaniment, but I'm not aware than any churches banned diminished-seventh chords or augmented sixths or whatever as a matter of church policy. User:Wahoofive 22:18, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) :As a general example of churches controlling music Gregorian chant mentions "edicts of Rome...attempting to establish a consistent practice during this period" [400-800 CE]. User:Hyacinth 22:30, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC) Churches have often controlled music, but not specifically harmony, AFAIK. User:Wahoofive 06:56, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Good point. Perhaps you could remove it to talk as in the proposed policy Wikipedia:Confirm queried sources. User:Hyacinth 16:43, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Harmony
Musical techniquesAspects of music
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
H
HA | HB | HC | HD | HE | HF | HG | HI | HJ | HK | HL | HM | HN | HO | HP | HR | HS | HT | HU | HW | HX | HY | HZ |Words begining with Harmony:
Harmony
Harmony
Harmony
Harmony,California
Harmony,_CA
Harmony,_California
Harmony,_IN
Harmony,_Indiana
Harmony,_Maine
Harmony,_Maryland
Harmony,_MD
Harmony,_ME
Harmony,_Minnesota
Harmony,_MN
Harmony,_NC
Harmony,_New_Jersey
Harmony,_New_York
Harmony,_NJ
Harmony,_North_Carolina
Harmony,_Ontario
Harmony,_PA
Harmony,_Pennsylvania
Harmony,_Price_County,_WI
Harmony,_Price_County,_Wisconsin
Harmony,_Rock_County,_WI
Harmony,_Rock_County,_Wisconsin
Harmony,_Vernon_County,_WI
Harmony,_Vernon_County,_Wisconsin
Harmony,_WI
Harmony,_Wisconsin
Harmony_(album)
Harmony_(album)
Harmony_(disambiguation)
Harmony_(music)
Harmony_Airways
Harmony_Concepts,_Inc.
Harmony_Corruption
Harmony_Gold
Harmony_Kendall
Harmony_Korine
Harmony_of_the_Worlds
Harmony_Society
Harmony_toolkit
Harmony_Township
Harmony_Township,_Beaver_County,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Beaver_County,_Pennsylvania
Harmony_Township,_Forest_County,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Forest_County,_Pennsylvania
Harmony_Township,_Minnesota
Harmony_Township,_MN
Harmony_Township,_New_Jersey
Harmony_Township,_NJ
Harmony_Township,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Pennsylvania
Harmony_Township,_Susquehanna_County,_PA
Harmony_Township,_Susquehanna_County,_Pennsylvania
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