Hanover

:''Alternate meanings: Hanover (district), Hanover (region), Hanover (state), Hanover (disambiguation)''

Hanover (German language: ''Hannover'' [haˈnoːfɐ]), on the river Leine, is the capital of the state of Lower Saxony (''Niedersachsen''), Germany. It is also the capital of the surrounding Hanover (district) and Hanover (region). Population: 515,219 (2001). Auto registration prefix: H. It is located at . ==History== The town was founded in medieval times on the bank of the river Leine (the original name ''Honovere'' may be translated to "high bank"). It was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen, which became a comparatively large town in the 13th century. In the 14th century the main churches of Hanover were built, as well as a city wall with three town gates to secure the city. In 1636 the Duke of Calenberg decided to move his residence to Hanover. His duchy was afterwards known as the Duchy of Hanover (see: House of Hanover). His descendants would later become kings of Great Britain; the first of them was George I of the United Kingdom, who ascended to the British throne in 1714. Three kings of Great Britain were at the same time princes (prince-electors) of Hanover. George III of the United Kingdom elevated the title to ''List of Kings of Hanover''. The town expanded to the opposite bank of the Leine and grew considerably. During the Seven Years' War on July 26, 1757 the Battle of Hastenbeck took place. The French army defeated the Hanoverian Army of Observation, leading to the occupation of Hanover. After Napoleon_I_of_France imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803 about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The convention also meant the disbanding of the army of Hanover. George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe and made an effort to recruit foreign troops. As a result a great number of soldiers of Hanover eventually emigrated to England leading to the King's German Legion which later played an important role in the Battle of Waterloo. In 1837 the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended as William IV of the United Kingdom heir in the United Kingdom was female, and Hanover could be inherited only by males. Hanover continued as a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia. After the annexation, the people of Hanover opposed the Prussian regime. Nevertheless, the growth of Hanover continued until World War II, when two thirds of the town were bombed to ruins. After the war, Hanover became famous for hosting commercial expositions such as the CeBIT and the Hanover Fair. In 2000, Hanover hosted the Expo 2000. ==Sights== * Marktkirche (church, 14th century) * Altes Rathaus (old town hall, 15th century) * Neues Rathaus (new town hall, 1901-1913) * Leineschloss (the former castle of the kings, today the seat of Lower Saxony's government) * Herrenh�user G�rten (botanical gardens) - also the annual international fireworks contest held in these gardens * Gehry Tower * Hermesturm * VW Tower * Telemax Recommended Day Trips: * Hildesheim: beautiful medieval town famous for its World Heritage Site Cathedrals, marketplace and old half-timbered houses * Hamelin (Hameln): the beautiful town is famous for the folk tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin ==Towns named after Hanover== * Hanover, South Africa, Northern Cape, South Africa * Hanover, USA, Minnesota, USA ==Airports== Hanover and the sourrounding countryside is served by Hanover/Langenhagen International Airport ==Miscellaneous== Note: Hanover is the correct English spelling, even though the German spelling is with double N. It should always be used for the British House of Hanover, even if you choose to write the city the German way. There are several universities in Hanover: * Hanover Conservatory [http://www.hmt-hannover.de] * Hanover Medical School [http://www.mh-hannover.de] * School of Veterinary Medicine Hanover * University of Hanover There is one University of Applied Science and Arts in Hanover: * Fachhochschule Hannover [http://www.fh-hannover.de] Famous quarters of Hanover: *Herrenhausen *Hannover-Zoo *Hannover-Nordstadt The rock bands Scorpions (band) and Fury in the Slaughterhouse are originally from Hanover. == See also== * Hanover Fair (Hannover Messe) ==External links== *[http://www.hannover.de/ City's own website] *[http://www.panorama-cities.net/hannover/hannover.html City Panoramas] - Panoramic Views of Hannover's Highlights *[http://www.fembio.org/women-from/women-from-hannover.shtml FemBio Special: Notable Women of Hanover] * [http://www.hannovermesse.de/homepage_e?x=1 Hannover Messe - Hannover Fair]. Towns in Lower Saxony Hanover German state capitals ka:ჰანოვერი nds:Hannober

Hanover

== Additional information - Hanover == Concerning the correct spelling: "Hanover" vs. "Hannover" "Hanover" is the correct English spelling according to: a dictionary (Cassells W�rterbuch, twelfth edition, 1976), the online dictionary [http://dict.leo.org LEO], http://babelfish.altavista.com and an Oxford dictionary. Note though that Germans spell it "Hannover". Perhaps the following excerpt of a posting in the usenet (alt.california) sums it up: "Similar issues arise with spelling. The German city Hanover has this spelling in English, and Germans who know English use it when writing English. It is important in English history, because it is where the present English royal family comes from. However, the German spelling is Hannover. Many Americans learn the word from German contacts and therefore use the German spelling. There is no unique correct answer." User:Marco Krohn 17:21 Mar 22, 2003 (UTC) ---- == district=Kreis=Region, region=Bezirk? Strange translation! == The district's name is "Hannover Region" in German and "Hanover (district)" in English. But, is a German Bezirk really called "region" in English, since Region is the name of the merged two ''Kreis''es ... User:82.82.126.247 18:36, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC) What would you translate Bezirk as? Books on the former GDR translate it as region. User:Secretlondon 18:37, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC) You cannot compare GDR-Bezirk and German ones. User:82.82.126.247 18:41, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC) So how would you translate Bezirk? User:Secretlondon 18:42, Nov 14, 2003 (UTC) what about area? User:82.82.126.247 18:43, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC) :This is a little bit difficult. Normally ''Kreis'' is translated to "district"; a ''Kreis'' is subordinate to a ''Regierungsbezirk'', which we do translate to "administrative region" on Wikipedia. Now it is somewhat unfortunate, that the district of Hanover decided in 2001 to call itself "Region Hannover", thus resulting in the admittedly confusing situation, that the ''Region Hanover'' is a district being a part of the region of Hanover. But be careful before changing the translation of ''Regierungsbezirk'' here, because then you should do it in several hundred articles here in Wikipedia. My proposal: leave it as it is now, and let the text clear up possible misunderstandings. -- User:Baldhur 21:22, 22 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Hanover

Cities in Germany German state capitals

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