
Gush Emunim גוש אמונים (Hebrew language: "Block [of the] faithful") was an Israeli political movement. The movement sprang out of the conquests of the Six-Day War in 1967, though it was not formally established as an organization until 1974, in the wake of the Yom Kippur War. It encouraged Jewish Israeli settlement of land they believe God has alloted for Jews. ==Political affiliations== Gush Emunim was closely associated with, and highly influential in, the Mafdal - National Religious Party (NRP), the party which is identified with religious Zionism. These days they refer to themselves —and are referred to by the Israeli media as— '''Ne'emanei Eretz Yisrael''' נאמני ארץ ישראל (Hebrew: "Those who are loyal/faithful to the land of Israel"). == History == In 1968, a group of future Gush Emunim members led by Rabbi Moshe Levinger began a squat in the middle of the West Bank town of Hebron. This squat, illegal under both international and Israeli law, was initially opposed by the Israeli government. However, it was eventually transformed into the settlement Kiryat Arba on the outskirts of Hebron. In 1974, following the shock of the Yom Kippur War, the organization was founded more formally, by students of the younger Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, who remained its leader until his death in 1981. Gush Emunim activists commenced a series of publicity campaigns, including mass protests and dramatic, high-profile attempts at avoiding the Israeli security forces' roadblocks to establish settlements. These campaigns eventually succeeded in establishing a settlement in Sebastia. Though initially opposed by Yitzhak Rabin's Israeli Labour Party government, the settlement was accepted ''de facto''. It was later legalized by Prime Minister Menachem Begin's Likud government, in 1977. However, Gush Emunim came into conflict with the Likud over other matters, mainly the handing over of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt as part of the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty, and the demolition of all Jewish settlements in that area. Gush Emunim was supported by many religious Zionists, as well as some secular Zionists - such as the famous poet Naomi Shemer. == Ideology == Gush Emunim beliefs are based heavily on the teachings of Rabbi Abraham Kook and his son, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook. The two rabbis taught that secular Zionists, through their conquests of ''Eretz Israel'', had unwittingly brought about the beginning of the "messianic age", which would end in the coming of the Jewish Moshiach. Gush Emunim supporters believe that the coming of the messiah can be hastened through Jewish settlement on land they believe God has alloted to the Jewish people as outlined in the Hebrew Bible. == Related articles == *Israeli settlements *Mafdal *Moledet *Orthodox Judaism *Zvi Yehuda Kook == Further reading == *''Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel'' by Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky. ==External links== *[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/penncip/lustick/index.html For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel] by Ian Lustick, 1988. *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush_Emunim Gush Emunim (Orthodoxy Map)] by Eliezer Segal Israel and Zionism Orthodox Judaism
Most of the information in this article comes from the two listed sources at the bottom. I'm afraid that, while I can find particular references in these books to things that I wrote, I cannot chase sources like I normally would, as the best sources are almost entirely written in Hebrew. Why did I write this article? It's a topic I'm interested in in passing, but mainly because somebody started an article on Jewish fundamentalism, and I've noticed that broad topics tend to be very bad until we get the facts written down in specific topics that can be necessarily more fact-based. User:DanKeshet 20:01 Feb 13, 2003 (UTC) ---- I changed the intro by removing the note "Today, however, no one uses the term Gush Emunim anymore ...". The term is still in use. Abdul Sattar Qassem, Professor of Political Science at the Najah University in Nablus is quoted by Al Jazeera using the term in an article on their website titled, "Israel to US: Now for Iran" by Khalid Amayreh Sunday 29 August 2004, 14:00 Makka Time, 11:00 GMT. A link to the article is [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/03398F16-8119-4A21-83E4-D93E5F161B55.htm here]. Aug 30, 2004
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Gush_Emunim
Gush Emunim
Gush Emunim גוש אמונים (Hebrew language: "Block [of the] faithful") was an Israeli political movement. The movement sprang out of the conquests of the Six-Day War in 1967, though it was not formally established as an organization until 1974, in the wake of the Yom Kippur War. It encouraged Jewish Israeli settlement of land they believe God has alloted for Jews. ==Political affiliations== Gush Emunim was closely associated with, and highly influential in, the Mafdal - National Religious Party (NRP), the party which is identified with religious Zionism. These days they refer to themselves —and are referred to by the Israeli media as— '''Ne'emanei Eretz Yisrael''' נאמני ארץ ישראל (Hebrew: "Those who are loyal/faithful to the land of Israel"). == History == In 1968, a group of future Gush Emunim members led by Rabbi Moshe Levinger began a squat in the middle of the West Bank town of Hebron. This squat, illegal under both international and Israeli law, was initially opposed by the Israeli government. However, it was eventually transformed into the settlement Kiryat Arba on the outskirts of Hebron. In 1974, following the shock of the Yom Kippur War, the organization was founded more formally, by students of the younger Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, who remained its leader until his death in 1981. Gush Emunim activists commenced a series of publicity campaigns, including mass protests and dramatic, high-profile attempts at avoiding the Israeli security forces' roadblocks to establish settlements. These campaigns eventually succeeded in establishing a settlement in Sebastia. Though initially opposed by Yitzhak Rabin's Israeli Labour Party government, the settlement was accepted ''de facto''. It was later legalized by Prime Minister Menachem Begin's Likud government, in 1977. However, Gush Emunim came into conflict with the Likud over other matters, mainly the handing over of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt as part of the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty, and the demolition of all Jewish settlements in that area. Gush Emunim was supported by many religious Zionists, as well as some secular Zionists - such as the famous poet Naomi Shemer. == Ideology == Gush Emunim beliefs are based heavily on the teachings of Rabbi Abraham Kook and his son, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook. The two rabbis taught that secular Zionists, through their conquests of ''Eretz Israel'', had unwittingly brought about the beginning of the "messianic age", which would end in the coming of the Jewish Moshiach. Gush Emunim supporters believe that the coming of the messiah can be hastened through Jewish settlement on land they believe God has alloted to the Jewish people as outlined in the Hebrew Bible. == Related articles == *Israeli settlements *Mafdal *Moledet *Orthodox Judaism *Zvi Yehuda Kook == Further reading == *''Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel'' by Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky. ==External links== *[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/penncip/lustick/index.html For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel] by Ian Lustick, 1988. *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush_Emunim Gush Emunim (Orthodoxy Map)] by Eliezer Segal Israel and Zionism Orthodox Judaism
Gush Emunim
Most of the information in this article comes from the two listed sources at the bottom. I'm afraid that, while I can find particular references in these books to things that I wrote, I cannot chase sources like I normally would, as the best sources are almost entirely written in Hebrew. Why did I write this article? It's a topic I'm interested in in passing, but mainly because somebody started an article on Jewish fundamentalism, and I've noticed that broad topics tend to be very bad until we get the facts written down in specific topics that can be necessarily more fact-based. User:DanKeshet 20:01 Feb 13, 2003 (UTC) ---- I changed the intro by removing the note "Today, however, no one uses the term Gush Emunim anymore ...". The term is still in use. Abdul Sattar Qassem, Professor of Political Science at the Najah University in Nablus is quoted by Al Jazeera using the term in an article on their website titled, "Israel to US: Now for Iran" by Khalid Amayreh Sunday 29 August 2004, 14:00 Makka Time, 11:00 GMT. A link to the article is [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/03398F16-8119-4A21-83E4-D93E5F161B55.htm here]. Aug 30, 2004
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