Gaul

Gaul (from Latin Gallia, c.f. Greek Galatia) is the region of Western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. In English the word ''Gaul'' also commonly refers to a Celtic inhabitant of that region in ancient times, but the Gauls were widespread in Europe by Roman times, speaking dialects of the Gaulish language. Besides the Gauls living on the territory of modern-day France, there were the Lepontians who had settled in the plains of northern Italy (Gallia Cisalpina), and the Helvetii who settled to the north of the alps, in Raetia. Gauls under Brennus Battle of the Allia (390 BC) circa 390 BC. In the Aegean world, a huge migration of Eastern Gauls appeared in Thrace, north of Greece, in 281 BC. Another Gaulish chieftain named Brennus, at the head of a large army, was only turned back from desecrating the Temple of Apollo at Delphi at the last minute, alarmed, it was said, by portents of thunder and lightning. At the same time a migrating band of Celts, some 10,000 fighting men, with their women and children and slaves, were moving through Thrace. Three tribes of Gauls crossed over from Thrace to Asia Minor at express invitation of Nicomedes I of Bithynia of Bithynia, who required help in a dynastic struggle against his brother. Eventually they settled down in eastern Phrygia and Cappadocia in central Anatolia, in a region henceforth known as ''Galatia.'' The Gauls were called ''*walha'' by Germanic tribes, a generic term for "foreigners" (see Etymology of Vlach). ==Roman Gaul== ''see Roman Gaul.'' Roman rule in Gaul was established by Julius Caesar, who defeated the Celts tribes in Gaul 58 BC-51 BC and described his experiences in ''De Bello Gallico'' (''About the Gallic War''). The war cost the lives of more than a million Gauls, and a million further were enslaved. The area conquered by Caesar was called ''Gallia Comata'': literally, "long-haired Gaul." The area was subsequently governed as a number of Roman province. On December 31, 406 the Vandals, Alans and Suebians crossed the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia, and Roman rule in Gaul ended with the defeat of the Roman governor Syagrius by the Franks in AD 486. ==Gaulish tribes== Caesar divided the people of Gaul into three broad groups: the ''Aquitani'', ''Galli'' (who in their own language were called ''Celtae'') and ''Belgae''. In the modern sense, List of peoples of Gaul are defined linguistically, as speakers of dialects of the Gaulish language. While the Aquitani were probably Vascons, the Belgae would thus probably be counted among the Gaulish tribes. ==See also== *Ambiorix *Asterix *Gallic Empire *Gallo-Roman culture *Gaulish language *List of peoples of Gaul *Vercingetorix Ancient Roman enemies and allies Ancient Gauls Ancient Roman provinces Roman Gaul la:Gallia nds:Gallien

Gaul

Can we get a map here? --User:Tubby 20:57, 25 May 2005 (UTC) Seems that several are needed: * topographic map of the region (so the natural physical boundaries can be seen - alps, rhine, north sea, pyrenees * map of the roman provinces (at several time periods - gallic wars, augustan reform, diocletian reform) * map of tribal locations and territories * map of roman gaul civitates I might be able to help with some of that. I have copyright free topographic data, coastlines, and rivers. I can plot symbols given the lat/long. Other boundaries take time to plot. --User:NantonosAedui 01:39, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC) ---- "The Gauls sacked Rome circa 390 BC, destroying all Roman historical records to that point." Where is that coming from???? Could someone elaborate on that pont? User:Olivier 03:43 Dec 5, 2002 (UTC) The link to Iberians in the second paragraph points somewhere nonsensical. *Yes it is. The two relevant links on the resulting disambiguation page are Hispania and Iberian language, and since Hispania is already linked to in the article text, I'm going to send that link to Iberian language.User:Binabik80 18:24, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC) I agree. This article needs a rewrite. The Celts never referred to themselves as Celts. Gaul and Gallic are terms that, according to the Romans, were used by the "celts" to describe themselves. Hence Gaelic, Gaul, Galicia (both in spain and turkey, yes they settled there over 2000 years ago). Gaul and Gallic aren't just English terms, they are the terms that the "celts" used to describe themselves.--User:Dumbo1 01:08, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) *Well, in ''Gallic Wars'' Caesar states that the name the Gauls call themselves in their own language is Celt (according to ''Historical Atlas of the Celtic World''); I'm aware that there are a number of theories regarding which Indo-European root the word Celt comes from, but so far as I know the most commonly accepted theories all hold that it ''is'' a Celtic word. A quick googlesearch for the etymology of ''Gaul'' reveals three theories: from the Celtic word for "brave", the Celtic word for "white" or the Germanic word for "foreigner".User:Binabik80 18:24, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC) Can someone please explain to me why [http://encarta.msn.com/media_461561201/Roman_Gaul.html this image] doesn't qualify as fair use? It demonstrates how it advances knowledge of the arts through the addition of something new. _JarlaxleArtemis">User:JarlaxleArtemis 22:39, Mar 20, 2005 (UTC) :I'll respond here, then copy my response to your talk page, since I'm not sure a discussion of this really belongs here. :I'm no expert on copyright law; a glance through User talk:JarlaxleArtemis shows several people who have been there who ''do'' seem to have a pretty good understanding of the issues at hand, so perhaps you might want to try asking one of them, especially User:Rhobite, who removed the image from this article in the first place. :After a look through the article on fair use, however, it strikes me that use of the image here violates two of the four determining factors for fair use: ##Purpose and character. Use of the image in this Wikipedia article was derivative, not transformative. Its use here didn't "stimulate creativity for the enrichment of the general public" by adding something new to its original conception; rather, it "aim[ed] to only 'supersede the objects' of the original". It's a map of Roman Gaul to illustrate articles about Roman Gaul on Encarta's website, and its use here is simply as a map of Roman Gaul in the Wikipedia article on Roman Gaul, without permission from the copyright holder (Encarta). ##Effect upon work's value. This deals more with the general principle of using Encarta images on Wikipedia than on the specific use of a map of Roman Gaul. Widespread instance of this would damage Encarta's ability to exploit their original work, both by (a) superseding the object of the original work, and by (b) destroying Encarta's potential licensing market for their original work (they can't very well charge others to use their work if they're letting us get away with using them for free). :My understanding is that the only really cut-and-dry instances of US fair use is when the use revolves around the original work itself: criticising it, reviewing it, parodying it, teaching about it, etc. But even then (and I can't imagine why we'd ever be parodying or reviewing Encarta), I'd check with someone more knowleageable than me before using Encarta images. But incorporating Encarta's work into our own is right out. Hope that helps. User:Binabik80 01:01, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC) == Reorganize, disambiguate, split? == The subject matter and the nature of inbound links suggest that a more systematic approach to the topic is needed. For example, it should be more clearly distinguished whether we're talking about the region or the tribal group. Ultimately, they probably warrant separate articles, though I'm not sure whether to make that simply Gaul for the region and Gauls for the people, or make this into a disambiguation page and put the articles at "Gaul (region)" and something else for the people — Gaul (tribe); Gallic peoples? --User:Michael Snow 21:32, 7 Jun 2005 (UTC) it's a mess. I tried Roman Gaul. The list I took form :de:, but it should be checked. User:Dbachmann User_talk:Dbachmann 21:07, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC) There is no 'tribal group' called Gaul. Gaul is usually used to refer to the collection of three provinces - Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Celtica, Gallia Belgica. It is also, at an earlier period, used to refer to Gallia Cisalpina (northern Italy, north of the river Po). I have tried to clear up some of the obvious errors in the list of Gaulish tribes - the unweildy list needs to be split by province, though. --User:NantonosAedui 01:15, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC) ---- I removed the list of tribes below, linking instead to the better List of peoples of Gaul which lists them plus their capitals. --User:NantonosAedui 02:29, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC) I hadn't seen that list, obviously, or it would have saved me some time. So yeah, my incomplete list can just be thrown away. However, my point was that the "peoples of Gaul" should be discussed on this article, and the list was a beginning. But concerning, "There is no 'tribal group' called Gaul", I disagree: How do you suggest the (pre-Roman-conquest) speakers of Gaulish should be referred to as a group? Gauls, I expect. So either we have to make Gauls a separate article, or discuss them here. User:Dbachmann User_talk:Dbachmann 06:54, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC) I agree that the people of Gaul, collectively, should be discussed here and should be called Gauls. However, the idea that they formed a unified political group, while popular among French academics in the period 1870-1940, has no factual basis. This is what I meant by 'no tribal group'. There was not a single tribe; you could not talk to 'the leader of the Gauls'. Hence, of course, the espablishment of the Condate Altar in Lyon, for representatives of all the Gaulish tribes to meet. --User:NantonosAedui 14:37, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Gaul

Hi Gaul, Andre">User:Andrevan (User_talk:Andrevan)A 01:31, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

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G

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Words begining with Gaul:

Gaul
Gaul
Gaul
Gaula
Gaular
Gauldal
Gauldal
Gaule
Gauleiter
Gauleiter
Gauleiter_Adolf_Wagner
Gauley_Bridge,_West_Virginia
Gauley_Bridge,_WV
Gaulish
Gaulish_language
Gaulish_language
Gaulish_tribe
Gaullism
Gaullism
Gaullist
Gaullists
Gaullist_Party
Gauloise
Gauloise
Gaulonitis
Gauls
Gauls
Gauls
Gault
Gaultheria
Gaultheria_procumbens
Gaultheria_shallon
Gaultier
Gaultier_de_Coste,_Seigneur_de_la_Calprenede
Gault_Clay
Gault_clay
Gault_Formation
Gault_Millau
Gault_Millau