Durham

:''This article is about Durham, England. For other places called Durham, see Durham (disambiguation).'' {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width=300 style=margin-left:10px |- !colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="#ff9999"|Durham |- |colspan=2 align=center| |- |width="50%"|British national grid reference system:|| |- |width="50%"|Lat/Lon:|| |- |width="50%"|Population:|| 87,712 (Distict, 2001 Census) |- |width="50%"|Dwellings:|| 34,846 (District, 2001 Census) |- |width="50%"|Formal status:||City |- !colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Administration |- |width="50%"|County:||align="left"|County Durham |- |width="50%"|Regions of England:||North East England |- |width="50%"|Home Nations:||England |- !colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"|Post Office and Telephone |- |width="50%"|Post town:||DURHAM |- |width="50%"|Postcode:||DH1 |- |width="50%"|UK telephone numbering plan:||0191 |- |} Durham (International Phonetic Alphabet: locally, in received pronunciation) is a small city in the north east of England. The county town of County Durham, it is well known for its Norman Durham Cathedral and Durham Castle, and is home to the University of Durham, England's third oldest. ==Geography==

Durham is situated 25 km (15 miles) to the south of Newcastle upon Tyne, in North East England. The River Wear flows through the city, enclosing the centre on three sides to create Durham's "peninsula". Durham is a hilly city, and the Durham Cathedral, in its prominent position high above the Wear, dominates the skyline. The steep riverbanks are densely wooded, adding to the picturesque beauty of the city. The county town of County Durham, Durham is located in the City of Durham local government district, which extends beyond the city, and has a total population of 87,656, and covers 186.68 square kilometres. Durham's Member of Parliament is Roberta Blackman-Woods (Labour Party (UK)). ===Transport=== Durham is situated on the East Coast Main Line between Edinburgh and London; rail travellers coming from the south enter Durham over a spectacular Victorian viaduct high above the city. By road, the A1 road, the modern incarnation of the ancient Great North Road, passes just to the east of the city. Durham has an airport, in name, the Durham Tees Valley Airport - but this is actually far closer to Darlington. ===Districts of Durham=== The centre of Durham sits on the peninsula created by the River Wear. At the base of the peninsula is the market square, which still hosts regular markets; a permanent indoor market is also situated on the square. The square and surrounding streets are one of the main commercial and shopping areas of the city. From the market square, The Bailey leads south past Palace Green: The Bailey is almost entirely owned and occupied by the University of Durham and Durham Cathedral. There are three old road bridges leading onto the peninsula, now all pedestrianised. Prebends Bridge is at the Southern tip of the Bailey. Heading east from the square, Elvet Bridge leads to the Elvet area of the city. Heading west, Milburngate Bridge leads to the Milburngate district, Crossgate (Durham) and North Road, the other main shopping area of the city. West of here is an area colloqially known as "The Viaduct" after the structure which dominates, now largely student-populated. Beyond The Viaduct lies the outlying districts of Framwellgate_Moor and Battle_of_Neville's_Cross. Heading north from the market place leads to Claypath, beyond which lies Gilesgate and Gilesgate Moor.
==History== * ''Main article: History of Durham'' Archeological evidences suggests a history of settlement at Durham since roughly 2000BC. The present city can clearly be traced back to 995AD, when a group of monks from Lindisfarne chose the strategic high peninsula as a place to settle with the body of Saint Cuthbert, founding a church there. The present Durham Cathedral was built from 1093, and still contains the remains of St Cuthbert as well as The Venerable Bede. It is regarded by many as the finest cathedral in the country. Facing the cathedral across Palace Green is Durham Castle, originally built by the Norman Conquest from 1071, on William the Conquerer's return from campaigning in Scotland. Some of the present structure is more recent, notably Salvin's Victorian restorations. The two buildings are jointly designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site- one of the original nine in Britain. Since 1837 the castle has been home to University College, Durham, the first college of the University of Durham. In the three centuries following the construction of the Castle, Durham was regularly besieged by the Scottish people, with the notable Battle of Neville's Cross (1346) occurring just one mile west of the city. In mediaeval times Durham was a major centre of both political and ecclesiastical power, mainly due to its strategic importance near the border with Scotland. County Durham was a County palatine, ruled by Prince-Bishops who had secular authority and considerable autonomy from Westminster, minting their own coinage and maintaining their own armies. Every Bishop of Durham from 1071 to 1836 was a Prince Bishop except for the first Normans-appointed bishop Walcher, who was an Earl-Bishop. Henry VIII of England curtailed some of the Prince-Bishop's powers, and smashed the shrine of Cuthbert in 1538. In 1832 the prestigious University of Durham was founded, which has several colleges on the peninsula and on Elvet Hill on the other side of the river. The 19th century also saw Durham grow as a centre of the coal mining industry. The first Durham Miners' Gala was held in 1871, and remains a popular annual event. ==See also== * History of Durham ==External links== *[http://www.durhamcity.gov.uk/ Durham City Council] *[http://www.dur.ac.uk/~dla0www/c_tour/tour.html Virtual tour of the peninsula] *[http://www.durham.gov.uk/durhamcc/usp.nsf/pws/Your+County+-+2001+Census+Summary+Sheets 2001 Census data] *[http://www.picturesofengland.com/history/durham-history.html A brief history of Durham] Durham Cities in England English county towns

Durham

Naming convention discussion summarised and refactored to Talk:Durham (disambiguation) ---- I'm reverting Mav's change to the disamb block for this page. It's no big deal and I am hardly going to start an edit war over this, but, for the record, here is what I said to another user in response to a question about this very issue: : ... Because I felt it needed a specific disambiguation type thing BEFORE the article started. The most common confusion, and I swear this is true having spent yonks (perhaps even ''gurt'' yonks) going through Durham-related articles, is between the English city and county, and if there was a risk this would cause confusion I was hoping to catch readers before they had to get into the article text. [...] :In other words I suppose I am claiming that dismabiguating the two English Durhams is a special case somewhat separate from the issue of all the other Durhams in NC and Queensland etc, and was trying to make provision for dealing with that in a helpful way. Now, as I say, this isn't something over which I am going to lose sleep, but I thought this explanation in Talk might help to make it clear why I thought this minor change is worthwhile, even if at first sight it appears to be overdoing it. Happy Christmas or other seasonal, religious, etc festivity of your choice! User:Nevilley 12:13 Dec 25, 2002 (UTC) :It is suboptimal and redundant to have two links to Durham County so close to each other in the article (not to mention that Durham County is also linked form Durham (disambiguation)). If the term you are disambiguating from is very closely related to the term you have chosen an article to be on, then the most logical thing to do is use the first paragraph in the article itself to do the disambiguation. That is the format used in virus and for the French Departments which are named for rivers (see Loiret). The whole point of having disambiguation blocks that link to (disambiguation) pages is to keep it all on one unobtrusive line (lowest common denominator is a screen resolution of 800 pixels wide and standard font sizes). The current disambiguation block wraps to a second line. This isn't good. --User:Maveric149 ::Life is too short for this argument, so I have removed it. User:Nevilley 00:28 Dec 28, 2002 (UTC) ::btw you mean County Durham, not Durham County. In telling you this I have just saved your life from being flailed to death with a black pudding if you ever come over here! :) User:Nevilley 01:10 Dec 28, 2002 (UTC) :::Opps! Mea culpa. :) --mav == Pronunciation == I note recent edits to the pronunciation debating local vs RP pronunciation. I'm not very good with the IPA but as far as I can see it seems to be claiming the local pronunciation is "duh-rum" and the RP pronunciation is "derr-um". To be honest I would contest this. I believe it is 'correctly' and all-but-exclusively pronounced "duh". The only time I have ever actually heard it pronounced with an open "derr" is by American tourists saying "Derr-Ham", who are simply incorrect, a la "Edinberg". Whilst I can conceivably imagine an extremely posh English person saying "Derr-um", I would suggest this would be outright acrolect, not RP. (For example, and FWIW, my own accent is RP, and I said "duh-rum" long before I moved here). A small and ultimately trivial point though :) User:Stevekeiretsu 16:21, 30 May 2005 (UTC) :I'm not sure it is saying it's pronounced derr-um. Of course it's always difficult to discuss pronunciations without symbols (i.e. using the pro-nun-see-ay-shuns method), but I'll have a go. As I understand it, the is the sound in "run" or "bud" or "enough" or "cup", as pronounced by most people in the southern half of England, and not extremely posh ones. I would tend to represent this sound as "uh" if trying to spell it out, with the caveat that it's definitely a short vowel. Many more northerly pronunciations English English#Northern England in words like "good" and "cup", which are definitely distinct when I say them, and the in the local pronunciation bit is something like the vowel in "good" as spoken by the same southerners I used in the example above. I'm fairly sure the vowel I hear in many local pronunciations of Durham is somewhat more Vowel#Vowel qualities than my southern version (and my accent couldn't really be described as acrolect or posh), which would tend to support this, but then I could be getting my terminology all confused. I think perhaps we need an expert to cast their eye over it and see what they think. We all know how these things are pronounced, it's just representing it in IPA that can pose a problem. Would you say your pronunciation of Durham uses the exact same vowel as the local pronunciation? Have a listen to [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Vow-08a.wav this] () and [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Vow-20a.wav this] (). These are the vowels the article is currently claiming, local and RP respectively (but shorter than those sound samples). — User:Trilobite (User_talk:Trilobite) 17:07, 30 May 2005 (UTC) ::No, my pronunciation isn't identical to a local pronunciation. I'd agree there is a difference, just by (total newcomer) reading of the charts in the linked IPA article, it seemed like the difference wasn't quite captured quite right. Judging by what you're saying above, I was just misreading the IPA charts, which isn't at all surprising! I would agree a Southerners pronunciation would equate to "cup" and local one more in the direction of a southern "good", so it looks like the error is mine :) User:Stevekeiretsu

Durham

This category is for articles relating to the ''city'' of Durham in North East England England only. Articles relating to the surrounding county of Durham are in the :category:County Durham. County Durham

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D

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Words begining with Durham:

Durham
Durham
Durham
Durham,_CA
Durham,_California
Durham,_California
Durham,_Connecticut
Durham,_County_Durham,_England
Durham,_England
Durham,_Kansas
Durham,_KS
Durham,_Maine
Durham,_ME
Durham,_NC
Durham,_New_Hampshire
Durham,_New_York
Durham,_NH
Durham,_North_Carolina
Durham,_OR
Durham,_Oregon
Durham,_United_Kingdom
Durham_(borough)
Durham_(CDP),_Connecticut
Durham_(CDP),_Middlesex_County,_Connecticut
Durham_(CDP),_New_Hampshire
Durham_(CDP),_NH
Durham_(disambiguation)
Durham_(disambiguation)
Durham_(district)
Durham_(electoral_district)
Durham_(town),_Connecticut
Durham_(town),_Middlesex_County,_Connecticut
Durham_(town),_New_Hampshire
Durham_(town),_NH
Durham_Academy
Durham_Academy
Durham_Athletic_Park
Durham_athletic_park
Durham_Bulls
Durham_Bulls_Athletic_Park
Durham_Cassiodorus
Durham_Castle
Durham_Castle.
Durham_Cathedral
Durham_Cathedral
Durham_Cathedral_Library_A._II._10._Gospel_Book_Fragment
Durham_CCC
Durham_Center,_Connecticut
Durham_City_A.F.C.
Durham_City_A.F.C.
Durham_City_F.C.
Durham_Coast_Line
Durham_College
Durham_college
Durham_college
Durham_County
Durham_County
Durham_County,_England
Durham_County,_England
Durham_County,_NC
Durham_County,_North_Carolina
Durham_County,_North_Carolina
Durham_County,_North_Carolina
Durham_County,_Ontario
Durham_County_Cricket_Club
Durham_County_Cricket_Club_in_2005
Durham_County_Cricket_Club_in_2005
Durham_cricketers
Durham_Drama_Festival
Durham_Dynamos
Durham_East
Durham_Elementary_grammar_school
Durham_Fair
Durham_Gospels
Durham_Gospel_Fragment
Durham_Gospel_Fragment
Durham_johnson
Durham_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)
Durham_North_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)
Durham_Region
Durham_Region,_Ontario
Durham_Regional_Municipality
Durham_Regional_Municipality,_Ontario
Durham_Region_Transit
Durham_Report
Durham_rule
Durham_Students'_Union
Durham_Tees_Valley_Airport
Durham_Tees_Valley_Airport
Durham_Tigers
Durham_Township,_PA
Durham_Township,_Pennsylvania
Durham_tube
Durham_tube
Durham_UCCE_in_2005
Durham_Union_Society
Durham_University
Durham_Wasps
Durham_Wasps
Durham_West
Durham_Wildlife_Trust
Durham�Northumberland