
#REDIRECT De facto
''De facto'' is a Latin expression that means "in fact" or "in practice". It is commonly used as opposed to ''de jure'' (meaning "by law") when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or against a regulation. "De facto" is a qualifier which implies that what is being described is not ''quite'' universally accepted; otherwise, the idea (e.g., a standard) would usually be described without the term. When discussing a legal situation, ''de jure'' designates what the law says, while ''de facto'' designates what happens in practice, which may differ. == ''De facto'' standards == A '''''de facto'' standard''', for instance, is a technical or other standard that is so dominant that everybody seems to follow it like an authorized standard. The ''de jure'' standard may be different: one example is the SI unit of kilometre, which is the ''de jure'' standard for road distances in the United States, while the mile (=1609.344 m) is the ''de facto'' standard. In addition, there is no law preventing one from adding a twenty-seventh letter such as Þ (thorn) to the alphabet. Letters were added centuries ago without much difficulty, but one is prevented from doing so today by the practical difficulties involved. Thus there is a ''de facto'' limit on modifications to the alphabet. A ''de facto'' standard is sometimes not formalized and may simply rely on the fact that someone has come up with a good idea that is liked so much that it is copied. Typical creators of ''de facto'' standards are individual types of companies, corporation and consortium. In computing, ''de facto'' standards can sometimes become ''de jure'' standards due to market superiority. For example, JavaScript by Netscape Communications Corporation (standardized as ECMAScript) and parts of Document Object Model Level 0 (stardardized in DOM Level 1/2 HTML Specification). == ''De facto'' rulers == In politics, a '''''de facto'' leader''' of a country or region is one who has assumed authority, regardless of whether by lawful, constitutional, or legitimate means; very frequently the term is reserved for those whose power is thought by some faction to be held by unlawful, unconstitutional, or otherwise illegitimate means, often by deposing a previous leader or undermining the rule of a current one. ''De facto'' leaders need not hold a constitutional office, and may exercise power in an informal manner. Their authority cannot be denied however, which forces their position as ruler to be recognized. However, it should be noted that not all dictators are ''de facto'' rulers. For example, Augusto Pinochet of Chile initially came to power as the chairman of a military junta, but then later amended the nation's constitution and made himself President, thus making him the formal and legal ruler of Chile. Another example of a '''''de facto'' ruler''' is someone who is not the actual ruler, but exerts great or total influence over the true ruler, which is quite common in monarchies. Some examples of these de-facto rulers are Empress Dowager Cixi of China (for sons Tongzhi Emperor and Guangxu Emperor Emperors), Prince Alexander Menshikov (for his former lover Empress Catherine I of Russia), Cardinal Richelieu of France (for Louis XIII), and Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily (for her husband King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies). Some notable true ''de facto'' leaders have been Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China and General Manuel Noriega of Panama. Both of these men exercised near-total control over their respective nations for many years, despite not having either legal constitutional office or the legal authority to exercise power. == Other usages == Another common usage of the term ''de facto'' is "''de facto'' racial_segregation": users of a given library or school tend to be residents of that neighborhood, and thus such facilities tend to become racially or ethnically segregated without "''de jure'' segregation" (which would require segregation by force of law). A nation with ''de facto'' independence is one that is not recognised by any ''de jure'' independent nation or by any international bodies, even though its government is separate from that of the "parent nation" and exercises absolute control over its claimed territory. A ''de facto'' monopoly or oligopoly is a system where multiple or infinite players are allowed, but there is little regulation (or few antitrust laws in general or in the specific economic sector, especially in the public utility) or where antitrust law is not applied. One's marriage domestic partnership is referred to as the ''de facto'' husband or wife by some authorities. This has passed into Australian casual usage, in contrast to other English-speaking countries, as the slang term ''defacto'' to refer to one's significant other. e.g. "This is my defacto, Rachel". This is equivalent to the term ''common-law'' husband or wife used in most other English language countries. Another example of de jure and de facto is that ''de jure'' a baseball game can go forever but ''de facto'' it comes to an end in one way or another. ==See also== *List of Latin phrases *status quo Latin legal phrases
"... kilometre, which is the de jure standard for road distances in the United States". It is? (I've lived here all my life, and I've never seen it used on anything official.) Is there an example of a place it's used, or a reference to the law in question? I'm curious now. Yep, the US government's official weights and measures are metric, including metres and kilometres (note that the official spelling is British, for some reason). But even though they tried to make a law requiring conversion to metric units some time in the 1970s, they couldn't convince the public of it and backed down. Still, metric is US official. User:RickKUser talk:RickK 23:21, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC) Metric is annoying. :I expect he spelling of metres and kilometres etc is spelt that way because ''that is the way it's spelt!'' It's not "British" usage, it's French, who invented the system. A meter is a device to measure something. By the way, metric isn't annoying, it's simple and easy. Chains, Furlongs, Gallons (US or Imperial)? are all annoying, and cause huge problems - look at the that NASA craft that went wrong because somebody thought it would be a great idea to specify something in grains per dram horsepower squared or somesuch. That error cost billions, a measure of money. Which is already metric, and you don't complain about that , do you? ;-) User:GRAHAMUK 00:49, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC) :But Americans SPELL them meter, kilometer. For some reason, the government decided that not only were they going to force them down our throats, they were going to force non-US spelling down our throats. User:RickKUser talk:RickK 05:12, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC) ::People are stupid. User:Lysdexia 09:24, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC) :::Well this is certainly some enlightened debate. User:Cigarette 15:34, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with De_facto:
De-facto
De-facto_standard
De_Facto
De_facto
De_facto
De_facto-standard
De_facto_recognition
De_facto_standard
De_facto_Taiwan_Embassy
De Facto
#REDIRECT De facto
De facto
''De facto'' is a Latin expression that means "in fact" or "in practice". It is commonly used as opposed to ''de jure'' (meaning "by law") when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without or against a regulation. "De facto" is a qualifier which implies that what is being described is not ''quite'' universally accepted; otherwise, the idea (e.g., a standard) would usually be described without the term. When discussing a legal situation, ''de jure'' designates what the law says, while ''de facto'' designates what happens in practice, which may differ. == ''De facto'' standards == A '''''de facto'' standard''', for instance, is a technical or other standard that is so dominant that everybody seems to follow it like an authorized standard. The ''de jure'' standard may be different: one example is the SI unit of kilometre, which is the ''de jure'' standard for road distances in the United States, while the mile (=1609.344 m) is the ''de facto'' standard. In addition, there is no law preventing one from adding a twenty-seventh letter such as Þ (thorn) to the alphabet. Letters were added centuries ago without much difficulty, but one is prevented from doing so today by the practical difficulties involved. Thus there is a ''de facto'' limit on modifications to the alphabet. A ''de facto'' standard is sometimes not formalized and may simply rely on the fact that someone has come up with a good idea that is liked so much that it is copied. Typical creators of ''de facto'' standards are individual types of companies, corporation and consortium. In computing, ''de facto'' standards can sometimes become ''de jure'' standards due to market superiority. For example, JavaScript by Netscape Communications Corporation (standardized as ECMAScript) and parts of Document Object Model Level 0 (stardardized in DOM Level 1/2 HTML Specification). == ''De facto'' rulers == In politics, a '''''de facto'' leader''' of a country or region is one who has assumed authority, regardless of whether by lawful, constitutional, or legitimate means; very frequently the term is reserved for those whose power is thought by some faction to be held by unlawful, unconstitutional, or otherwise illegitimate means, often by deposing a previous leader or undermining the rule of a current one. ''De facto'' leaders need not hold a constitutional office, and may exercise power in an informal manner. Their authority cannot be denied however, which forces their position as ruler to be recognized. However, it should be noted that not all dictators are ''de facto'' rulers. For example, Augusto Pinochet of Chile initially came to power as the chairman of a military junta, but then later amended the nation's constitution and made himself President, thus making him the formal and legal ruler of Chile. Another example of a '''''de facto'' ruler''' is someone who is not the actual ruler, but exerts great or total influence over the true ruler, which is quite common in monarchies. Some examples of these de-facto rulers are Empress Dowager Cixi of China (for sons Tongzhi Emperor and Guangxu Emperor Emperors), Prince Alexander Menshikov (for his former lover Empress Catherine I of Russia), Cardinal Richelieu of France (for Louis XIII), and Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily (for her husband King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies). Some notable true ''de facto'' leaders have been Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China and General Manuel Noriega of Panama. Both of these men exercised near-total control over their respective nations for many years, despite not having either legal constitutional office or the legal authority to exercise power. == Other usages == Another common usage of the term ''de facto'' is "''de facto'' racial_segregation": users of a given library or school tend to be residents of that neighborhood, and thus such facilities tend to become racially or ethnically segregated without "''de jure'' segregation" (which would require segregation by force of law). A nation with ''de facto'' independence is one that is not recognised by any ''de jure'' independent nation or by any international bodies, even though its government is separate from that of the "parent nation" and exercises absolute control over its claimed territory. A ''de facto'' monopoly or oligopoly is a system where multiple or infinite players are allowed, but there is little regulation (or few antitrust laws in general or in the specific economic sector, especially in the public utility) or where antitrust law is not applied. One's marriage domestic partnership is referred to as the ''de facto'' husband or wife by some authorities. This has passed into Australian casual usage, in contrast to other English-speaking countries, as the slang term ''defacto'' to refer to one's significant other. e.g. "This is my defacto, Rachel". This is equivalent to the term ''common-law'' husband or wife used in most other English language countries. Another example of de jure and de facto is that ''de jure'' a baseball game can go forever but ''de facto'' it comes to an end in one way or another. ==See also== *List of Latin phrases *status quo Latin legal phrases
De facto
"... kilometre, which is the de jure standard for road distances in the United States". It is? (I've lived here all my life, and I've never seen it used on anything official.) Is there an example of a place it's used, or a reference to the law in question? I'm curious now. Yep, the US government's official weights and measures are metric, including metres and kilometres (note that the official spelling is British, for some reason). But even though they tried to make a law requiring conversion to metric units some time in the 1970s, they couldn't convince the public of it and backed down. Still, metric is US official. User:RickKUser talk:RickK 23:21, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC) Metric is annoying. :I expect he spelling of metres and kilometres etc is spelt that way because ''that is the way it's spelt!'' It's not "British" usage, it's French, who invented the system. A meter is a device to measure something. By the way, metric isn't annoying, it's simple and easy. Chains, Furlongs, Gallons (US or Imperial)? are all annoying, and cause huge problems - look at the that NASA craft that went wrong because somebody thought it would be a great idea to specify something in grains per dram horsepower squared or somesuch. That error cost billions, a measure of money. Which is already metric, and you don't complain about that , do you? ;-) User:GRAHAMUK 00:49, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC) :But Americans SPELL them meter, kilometer. For some reason, the government decided that not only were they going to force them down our throats, they were going to force non-US spelling down our throats. User:RickKUser talk:RickK 05:12, Sep 24, 2004 (UTC) ::People are stupid. User:Lysdexia 09:24, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC) :::Well this is certainly some enlightened debate. User:Cigarette 15:34, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
D
DA | DB | DC | DE | DF | DG | DH | DI | DJ | DK | DL | DM | DN | DO | DP | DR | DS | DT | DU | DW | DX | DY | DZ |Words begining with De_facto:
De-facto
De-facto_standard
De_Facto
De_facto
De_facto
De_facto-standard
De_facto_recognition
De_facto_standard
De_facto_Taiwan_Embassy
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