
::''For political parties using this acronym, see Democratic Labour Party.'' Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a technology used in projectors and projection televisions. DLP was originally developed by Texas Instruments, and they remain the sole manufacturer of such technology, though many licensees market products based on their chipsets. In DLP projectors, the image is created by microscopically small mirrors laid out in a matrix on a semiconductor chip, known as a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). Each mirror represents one pixel in the projected image. The number of mirrors corresponds to the resolution of the projected image: 800×600, 1024×768, and 1280×720 matrices are some common DMD sizes. These mirrors can be repositioned rapidly to reflect light either through the lens or on to a heatsink (called a ''light dump'' in Barco terminology). The rapid repositioning of the mirrors (essentially switching between 'on' and 'off') allows the DMD to vary the intensity of the light being reflected out through the lens, creating shades of grey in addition to white (mirror in 'on' position), and black (mirror in 'off' position). There are two primary methods by which DLP projection systems create a color image, those utilized by single-chip DLP projectors, and those used by three-chip projectors. == Single-chip projectors == In a projector with a single DMD chip, colors are produced by placing a color wheel between the lamp and the DMD where it is reflected out through the optics. The color wheel is usually divided into four sectors: the primary colors#Additive primaries: red, green, and blue, and an additional clear section to boost brightness. Since the clear sector reduces color saturation, in some models it may be effectively disabled, and in others it is omitted altogether. The DMD chip is synchronized with the rotating motion of the color wheel so that the green component is displayed on the DMD when the green section of the color wheel is in front of the lamp. The same is true for the red and blue sections. The red, green, and blue images are thus displayed sequentially at a sufficiently high rate that the observer sees the composite "full color" image. In early models, this was one rotation per frame. Later models spin the wheel at twice the frame rate, and some also repeat the color pattern twice around the wheel, meaning the sequence may be repeated up to four times per frame. ===The DLP "Rainbow Effect"=== This visual artifact is best described as brief flashes of perceived red/blue/green "shadows" observed most often when the projected content features bright/white objects on a mostly dark/black background (the scrolling end credits of many movies being a common example). Some people perceive these rainbow artifacts all of the time, while others say they only see them when they let their eyes pan across the image. Yet others do not notice the artifact at all. The effect is likely rooted in the concept of the flicker fusion threshold. The image to the right shows how a white circle looks to a camera while panning horizontally, using a long exposure. The white light is visibly split into into its colored components. The rainbow effect occurs when this is visible to the naked eye. The manufacturers of single-chip DLP projection systems use color wheels rotating at higher speeds, or with more color segments in order to minimize the appearance of the artifacts. == Three-chip projectors == A three-chip DLP projector uses a prism to split light from the lamp, and each primary color#Additive primaries of light is then routed to its own DMD chip, then recombined and routed out through the lens. Single-chip DLP systems are capable of displaying 16.7 million colors, whereas three-chip DLP systems can display up to 35 trillion colors. Three-chip projectors do not suffer from the "rainbow effect", since all three color components (red, green, and blue) are being generated simultaneously. == Market place == DLP is rapidly becoming a major player in the rear-projection TV market, having sold two million systems and achieved a 10% market share. Over 50 manufacturers will be offering models during the 2004 holidays, up from 18 the previous year. DLP chips currently constitute 5% of Texas Instrument's total sales. Small standalone projection units (also called front projectors) using DLP technology have become very popular for office presentation and home theater duties. * Pros: Smooth, jitter-free images; good color depth and contrast; no burn-in; DLP rear projection TVs are smaller, thinner and lighter than cathode ray tube-based models. * Cons: In single chip designs, some people observe a "rainbow effect". ===DLP and LCoS=== The most similar competing system to DLP is known as LCoS (Liquid crystal on silicon), which creates images using a stationary mirror mounted on the surface of a chip, and uses a liquid crystal matrix to control how much light is reflected. ==See also== *Flat panel display *LCD *Plasma display *OLED *SED-tv *Comparison of display technology ==External links== *[http://www.dlpmovies.com/index.html DLPmovies.com: DLP Theatre listing and showtimes with a forum] *[http://www.dlp.com/dlp_technology/includes/demo_flash.asp?bhcp=1 DLP Demo by Texas Instruments (Flash)] *[http://www.dlp.com/dlp_technology/dlp_technology_overview.asp DLP Overview by Texas Instruments] *[http://www.projectorcentral.com/lcd_dlp_update.htm "The Great Technology War: LCD vs. DLP" (projectorcentral.com)] *[http://www.projectorcentral.com/lcos.htm ''What's so hot about LCOS technology?'', a comparison of DLP and LCoS] *[http://www.scinet.cc/articles/dlpvslcd/dlp-lcd-tv.html DLP vs. LCD: A Quick Overview] *[http://www.theprojectorpros.com/learn.php?s=learn&p=technologies_dlp DLP Projector] How Does a DLP Projector Work? (theprojectorpros.com) Electronics Display technology
Actually, red, blue and green are not primary colors. They are base colors for subtractive color mixing, but by definition, the primary colors are red, blue and yellow. -Anon The anon has it the wrong way round. User:Theresa knott User talk:Theresa knott 16:23, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC) Double Anon April 27th, 2005 Actually, neither is right. Red, green, and blue, (RGB) are the base colors for additive color mixing. Additive color mixing is commonly used when the light source is integral to the system (think television, computer monitor, LCD screen etc.). Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the base colors for subtractive color mixing commonly used when an external light source is utilized (think paintings, printed documents etc.). It helps to think of Cyan, magenta, and yellow as being anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue. Yellow is often included in the list of primary colors due to a fluke in synthetic pigments. As described here: http://science.howstuffworks.com/light7.htm I personally dislike the term 'primary colors' when it is used in reference to red, green, and blue in discussions of color science. It's use implies that color mixing is property inherit to the nature of light when in reality its root lies in the nature of human physiology and the nature of the human eye. -DoubleAnon ==The "Rainbow Effect" and three-DMD systems== The article makes the claim: :''Three-chip projectors do not suffer from the "rainbow effect", since all three components are present at the same time.'' While it's true that three-DMD devcies are far less prone to the "rainbow effect", it's not true that they are completely immune. Because the DMDs are (fundamentally) binary devices, they are operated as Pulse-width modulation and the red, green, and blue beams are each individually turned on and off. This means that for certain colors, there are definite times when a (say pink) displayed object is illuminated solely by the red beam and at other times by all three beams. If your eyes are in motion, such an object could still be perceived as being striped in red and white, even in a three-DMD system. The reason the effect isn't seen as much in a 3-DMD system is that the pulse-width modulators operate a lot faster than the frame rate of the color wheel in a single-DMD system so there's less distance separating the colors when your eyes are in motion. Also, the produced color artifacts are (usually) a lot less distinguishable than the obvious red, green, and blue artifacts. This isn't so important that I'm going to edit the article, but we should be aware of this. User:Atlant 17:34, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I've actually been to a DLP presentation by the head of Texas Instruments UK (who's personally quite heavily involved in DLP products) and they actually have a clever way of doing the modulation that means (in your example) the blue and green would modulate very very quickly while the red stays on, meaning the interval is so small that no one could possibly see it - unlike the color wheel problem, which is (or used to be) only just outside the bounds of normal human vision, hence some people can. --User:Dtcdthingy 20:29, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) You're correct that the DMD mirror isn't simply switched on and off once per frame for a single variable-width pulse, but the switching rate of a DMD mirror isn't all that high; it's only about 5 kHz tops ([http://www.dlp.com/about_dlp/about_dlp_FAQs_technology.asp]) so a given mirror won't switch more than (say) 82 times per field for about 41 "pulses" of light. (The switching time isn't zero and there is a wear-out mechanism in the torsion beams that suspend the mirrors.) Your eye can sweep across an entire screen width in one field, so do the math and then tell me that you wouldn't be able to see the banding for certain well-chosen colors. As I said, the effect is far less noticeable than with a single DMD device, but it's still there. User:Atlant 01:05, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Let's go with your numbers. The eye moves across the frame in 1/60th of a second, during which time 41 pulses of light are sent. The other number we need is the "shutter speed" of the eye - let's assume it's also 1/60th of a second. What you'd get is 41 images printed on top of each other on the retina during the exposure, equivalent to taking a photo, moving the film 1/41st of a frame, and repeating 40 times. If we imagine that film, the motion blur from the movement of the film would appear in 41 separate steps rather than being completely smooth. I really don't think the brain would be able to tell the difference, to be honest. --User:Dtcdthingy 02:01, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) (For ease of discussion, let's assume there's a single line of 50%-saturated pink displayed from top to bottom on an otherwise-black field.) You don't need the "shutter speed" of the eye at all. If your eye sweeps left or right across the field in 1/60 of a second, then what you will see (thanks to persistence of vision and the like) is a screen that has 82 stripes. Half of the stripes will be white and half of the stripes will be red. If you don't think you'll be able to see this (a pattern of 82 white-and-red stripes occupying the full field), then perhaps you need to get your eyeglass presrciption checked. :-) The point is that your eye, in moving, "breaks up" what would otherwise be perceived (through persistence of vision and the like) as a static object. Again, the effect is nowhere as obvious as with a single-DMD system, but it is still there. Why don't you call your TI guy and ask him to contribute to our discussion? User:Atlant 13:35, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
#REDIRECT DLP
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Words begining with DLP:
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DLP
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DLP
::''For political parties using this acronym, see Democratic Labour Party.'' Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a technology used in projectors and projection televisions. DLP was originally developed by Texas Instruments, and they remain the sole manufacturer of such technology, though many licensees market products based on their chipsets. In DLP projectors, the image is created by microscopically small mirrors laid out in a matrix on a semiconductor chip, known as a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). Each mirror represents one pixel in the projected image. The number of mirrors corresponds to the resolution of the projected image: 800×600, 1024×768, and 1280×720 matrices are some common DMD sizes. These mirrors can be repositioned rapidly to reflect light either through the lens or on to a heatsink (called a ''light dump'' in Barco terminology). The rapid repositioning of the mirrors (essentially switching between 'on' and 'off') allows the DMD to vary the intensity of the light being reflected out through the lens, creating shades of grey in addition to white (mirror in 'on' position), and black (mirror in 'off' position). There are two primary methods by which DLP projection systems create a color image, those utilized by single-chip DLP projectors, and those used by three-chip projectors. == Single-chip projectors == In a projector with a single DMD chip, colors are produced by placing a color wheel between the lamp and the DMD where it is reflected out through the optics. The color wheel is usually divided into four sectors: the primary colors#Additive primaries: red, green, and blue, and an additional clear section to boost brightness. Since the clear sector reduces color saturation, in some models it may be effectively disabled, and in others it is omitted altogether. The DMD chip is synchronized with the rotating motion of the color wheel so that the green component is displayed on the DMD when the green section of the color wheel is in front of the lamp. The same is true for the red and blue sections. The red, green, and blue images are thus displayed sequentially at a sufficiently high rate that the observer sees the composite "full color" image. In early models, this was one rotation per frame. Later models spin the wheel at twice the frame rate, and some also repeat the color pattern twice around the wheel, meaning the sequence may be repeated up to four times per frame. ===The DLP "Rainbow Effect"=== This visual artifact is best described as brief flashes of perceived red/blue/green "shadows" observed most often when the projected content features bright/white objects on a mostly dark/black background (the scrolling end credits of many movies being a common example). Some people perceive these rainbow artifacts all of the time, while others say they only see them when they let their eyes pan across the image. Yet others do not notice the artifact at all. The effect is likely rooted in the concept of the flicker fusion threshold. The image to the right shows how a white circle looks to a camera while panning horizontally, using a long exposure. The white light is visibly split into into its colored components. The rainbow effect occurs when this is visible to the naked eye. The manufacturers of single-chip DLP projection systems use color wheels rotating at higher speeds, or with more color segments in order to minimize the appearance of the artifacts. == Three-chip projectors == A three-chip DLP projector uses a prism to split light from the lamp, and each primary color#Additive primaries of light is then routed to its own DMD chip, then recombined and routed out through the lens. Single-chip DLP systems are capable of displaying 16.7 million colors, whereas three-chip DLP systems can display up to 35 trillion colors. Three-chip projectors do not suffer from the "rainbow effect", since all three color components (red, green, and blue) are being generated simultaneously. == Market place == DLP is rapidly becoming a major player in the rear-projection TV market, having sold two million systems and achieved a 10% market share. Over 50 manufacturers will be offering models during the 2004 holidays, up from 18 the previous year. DLP chips currently constitute 5% of Texas Instrument's total sales. Small standalone projection units (also called front projectors) using DLP technology have become very popular for office presentation and home theater duties. * Pros: Smooth, jitter-free images; good color depth and contrast; no burn-in; DLP rear projection TVs are smaller, thinner and lighter than cathode ray tube-based models. * Cons: In single chip designs, some people observe a "rainbow effect". ===DLP and LCoS=== The most similar competing system to DLP is known as LCoS (Liquid crystal on silicon), which creates images using a stationary mirror mounted on the surface of a chip, and uses a liquid crystal matrix to control how much light is reflected. ==See also== *Flat panel display *LCD *Plasma display *OLED *SED-tv *Comparison of display technology ==External links== *[http://www.dlpmovies.com/index.html DLPmovies.com: DLP Theatre listing and showtimes with a forum] *[http://www.dlp.com/dlp_technology/includes/demo_flash.asp?bhcp=1 DLP Demo by Texas Instruments (Flash)] *[http://www.dlp.com/dlp_technology/dlp_technology_overview.asp DLP Overview by Texas Instruments] *[http://www.projectorcentral.com/lcd_dlp_update.htm "The Great Technology War: LCD vs. DLP" (projectorcentral.com)] *[http://www.projectorcentral.com/lcos.htm ''What's so hot about LCOS technology?'', a comparison of DLP and LCoS] *[http://www.scinet.cc/articles/dlpvslcd/dlp-lcd-tv.html DLP vs. LCD: A Quick Overview] *[http://www.theprojectorpros.com/learn.php?s=learn&p=technologies_dlp DLP Projector] How Does a DLP Projector Work? (theprojectorpros.com) Electronics Display technology
DLP
Actually, red, blue and green are not primary colors. They are base colors for subtractive color mixing, but by definition, the primary colors are red, blue and yellow. -Anon The anon has it the wrong way round. User:Theresa knott User talk:Theresa knott 16:23, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC) Double Anon April 27th, 2005 Actually, neither is right. Red, green, and blue, (RGB) are the base colors for additive color mixing. Additive color mixing is commonly used when the light source is integral to the system (think television, computer monitor, LCD screen etc.). Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the base colors for subtractive color mixing commonly used when an external light source is utilized (think paintings, printed documents etc.). It helps to think of Cyan, magenta, and yellow as being anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue. Yellow is often included in the list of primary colors due to a fluke in synthetic pigments. As described here: http://science.howstuffworks.com/light7.htm I personally dislike the term 'primary colors' when it is used in reference to red, green, and blue in discussions of color science. It's use implies that color mixing is property inherit to the nature of light when in reality its root lies in the nature of human physiology and the nature of the human eye. -DoubleAnon ==The "Rainbow Effect" and three-DMD systems== The article makes the claim: :''Three-chip projectors do not suffer from the "rainbow effect", since all three components are present at the same time.'' While it's true that three-DMD devcies are far less prone to the "rainbow effect", it's not true that they are completely immune. Because the DMDs are (fundamentally) binary devices, they are operated as Pulse-width modulation and the red, green, and blue beams are each individually turned on and off. This means that for certain colors, there are definite times when a (say pink) displayed object is illuminated solely by the red beam and at other times by all three beams. If your eyes are in motion, such an object could still be perceived as being striped in red and white, even in a three-DMD system. The reason the effect isn't seen as much in a 3-DMD system is that the pulse-width modulators operate a lot faster than the frame rate of the color wheel in a single-DMD system so there's less distance separating the colors when your eyes are in motion. Also, the produced color artifacts are (usually) a lot less distinguishable than the obvious red, green, and blue artifacts. This isn't so important that I'm going to edit the article, but we should be aware of this. User:Atlant 17:34, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) :I've actually been to a DLP presentation by the head of Texas Instruments UK (who's personally quite heavily involved in DLP products) and they actually have a clever way of doing the modulation that means (in your example) the blue and green would modulate very very quickly while the red stays on, meaning the interval is so small that no one could possibly see it - unlike the color wheel problem, which is (or used to be) only just outside the bounds of normal human vision, hence some people can. --User:Dtcdthingy 20:29, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) You're correct that the DMD mirror isn't simply switched on and off once per frame for a single variable-width pulse, but the switching rate of a DMD mirror isn't all that high; it's only about 5 kHz tops ([http://www.dlp.com/about_dlp/about_dlp_FAQs_technology.asp]) so a given mirror won't switch more than (say) 82 times per field for about 41 "pulses" of light. (The switching time isn't zero and there is a wear-out mechanism in the torsion beams that suspend the mirrors.) Your eye can sweep across an entire screen width in one field, so do the math and then tell me that you wouldn't be able to see the banding for certain well-chosen colors. As I said, the effect is far less noticeable than with a single DMD device, but it's still there. User:Atlant 01:05, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) :Let's go with your numbers. The eye moves across the frame in 1/60th of a second, during which time 41 pulses of light are sent. The other number we need is the "shutter speed" of the eye - let's assume it's also 1/60th of a second. What you'd get is 41 images printed on top of each other on the retina during the exposure, equivalent to taking a photo, moving the film 1/41st of a frame, and repeating 40 times. If we imagine that film, the motion blur from the movement of the film would appear in 41 separate steps rather than being completely smooth. I really don't think the brain would be able to tell the difference, to be honest. --User:Dtcdthingy 02:01, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC) (For ease of discussion, let's assume there's a single line of 50%-saturated pink displayed from top to bottom on an otherwise-black field.) You don't need the "shutter speed" of the eye at all. If your eye sweeps left or right across the field in 1/60 of a second, then what you will see (thanks to persistence of vision and the like) is a screen that has 82 stripes. Half of the stripes will be white and half of the stripes will be red. If you don't think you'll be able to see this (a pattern of 82 white-and-red stripes occupying the full field), then perhaps you need to get your eyeglass presrciption checked. :-) The point is that your eye, in moving, "breaks up" what would otherwise be perceived (through persistence of vision and the like) as a static object. Again, the effect is nowhere as obvious as with a single-DMD system, but it is still there. Why don't you call your TI guy and ask him to contribute to our discussion? User:Atlant 13:35, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Dlp
#REDIRECT DLP
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