
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Česká republika |- | colspan=2 | {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 | style=background:#efefef align="center" width="120px" | | style=background:#efefef align="center" width="120px" | |- | align="center" width="120px" | (Flag of the Czech Republic) | align="center" width="120px" | (w:Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg) |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | ''National motto: Truth prevails
(Czech language: Pravda vítězí)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | |- | Official language | Czech language |- | Capital | Praha (Prague) |- | President of the Czech Republic | Václav Klaus |- | Prime Minister of the Czech Republic | Jiri Paroubek |- | Area
- Total
- % water | List of countries by area
1 E10 m²
2% |- | Population
- Total (2003)
- Population density | List of countries by population
10.25 million
130/km² |- | Gross Domestic Product
- Total
- GDP per capita | (Purchasing_Power_Parity 2005)
$198.976 billion (list of countries by GDP (PPP))
$19,475 (List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita) |- | HDI | UN_HDI_index (2004) |- | Christianized
- Date | Bořivoj I
AD 883 |- | Independence
- Date | Regained October 28, 1918
as Czechoslovakia,
divided January 1 1993 |- | Currency | Czech koruna (CZK) |- | Time zone
- in European Summer Time | Central European Time (Coordinated Universal Time+1)
Central European Summer Time (Coordinated Universal Time+2) |- | National anthem | ''Where is My Home?''
''Czech: Kde domov muj'' |- | Top-level domain | .cz |- | List_of_country_calling_codes | 420 ("0" appended to Czechoslovakia's "42") |} The Czech Republic (Czech language: ''Česká republika'' ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The republic borders Poland to the north, Germany to the northwest and west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. Historic Prague (Czech language: ''Praha''), a major tourism attraction, is its capital and largest city. The country is composed of two older regions, Bohemia and Moravia, and part of a third one, Silesia. As of May 1, 2004, it is a member state of the European Union. The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993 announced that the name Czechia (Czech language: ''Česko'') is to be used in all situations other than formal official documents and the full names of government institutions [http://www.p.lodz.pl/I35/personal/jw37/EUROPE/cesko2.htm], [http://www.p.lodz.pl/I35/personal/jw37/EUROPE/cesko1.htm], but this is controversial in the Czech Republic [http://www.radio.cz/en/article/53850] and has not caught on in English usage. See also: Czech lands. == History == ''Main article: History of the Czech Republic'' The Czech lands emerged in the late 9th century when it was unified by the Premyslids. The Kingdom (politics) of Bohemia was a significant local power, but religious conflicts such as the 15th century Hussite Wars and the 17th century Thirty Years War were devastating. It later came under the Habsburg influence and became part of Austria-Hungary. Following the collapse of this state after World War I, the Czechs and neighbouring Slovakia joined together and formed the independent republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918. This new country contained a large ethnic German minority, which would lead to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia when Germany successfully annexed the minority through the Munich Agreement in 1938, and Slovakia gained greater autonomy, with the state renamed "Czecho-Slovakia". Slovakia broke away further in 1939 and the remaining Czech state was occupied by the Germans. After World War II, a reconstituted Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet Union sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalise party rule and create "socialism with a human face" during the Prague Spring. In 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its "freedom" through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution". On January 1, 1993, the country peacefully split in two, creating independent Czech and Slovakia republics. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of the Czech Republic'' According to its Constitution_of_Czech_republic the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy, whose head of state is a President of the Czech Republic, indirectly elected every five years by the parliament. The president is also granted specific powers such as the right to nominate Constitutional Court judges, dissolve parliament under certain conditions, and enact a veto on legislation. He also appoints the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, who sets the agenda for most foreign and domestic policy, as well the other members of the cabinet (government) on a proposal by the prime minister. The Czech parliament (''Parlament'') is bicameral, with a Chamber of Deputies (''Poslanecká sněmovna'') and a Senate (''Senát''). The 200 Chamber delegates are elected for 4-year terms, on the basis of proportional representation. The 81 members of the Czech Senate serve for 6-year terms with one-third being elected every 2 years on the basis of two-round majority voting. The country's highest court of appeals is the Supreme Court. The Constitutional Court, which rules on constitutional issues, is appointed by the president, and its members serve 10-year terms. == Regions == ''Main article: Regions of the Czech Republic; see also: [http://www.czech.cz/index.php?section=1&menu=5 Overview of regions in Czech Republic]'' The Czech Republic consists of 13 regions (''kraje'', singular - ''kraj'') and one capital city (''hlavní město''), marked by a *:
== Geography == ''Main article: Geography of the Czech Republic'' The Czech landscape is quite varied; Bohemia to the west consists of a basin, drained by the Elbe (Czech language: ''Labe'') and Vltava rivers, surrounded by mostly low mountains such as the Sudeten with its part Krkonose, where one also finds the highest point in the country, the Snezka at 1,602 m. Moravia, the eastern part, is also quite hilly and is drained predominantly by the Morava river, Central Europe river, but also contains the source of the Oder (Czech language: ''Odra'') river. Water from the landlocked Czech Republic flows to three different seas: the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea. The local climate is temperate climate with warm summers and cold, cloudy, humid winters, typified by a mixture of maritime and continental influences. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of the Czech Republic'' One of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states, the Czech Republic has been recovering from recession since mid-1999. Growth in 2000-2001 was led by exports to the EU, especially Germany, and foreign investment, while domestic demand is reviving. With a GDP (PPP) per capita of $19,475, the Czech Republic's per-capita output is approximately two-thirds that of the leading European economies. Uncomfortably high fiscal and current account deficits could be future problems. Moves to complete banking, telecommunications, and energy privatisation will add to foreign investment, while intensified restructuring among large enterprises and banks and improvements in the financial sector should strengthen output growth. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of the Czech Republic'' {|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 style="text-align:right; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 50px;" !bgcolor=#f9f9f9 colspan="6" align=center | Population of the Czech lands (CSU, Prague) |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| Year !! Total !! Change !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| Year !! Total !! Change |+ align=bottom | |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1857 | 7,016,531 | - !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1930 | 10,674,386 | 6.6% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1869 | 7,617,230 | 8.6% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1950 | 8,896,133 | -16.7% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1880 | 8,222,013 | 7.9% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1961 | 9,571,531 | 7.6% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1890 | 8,665,421 | 5.4% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1970 | 9,807,697 | 2.5% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1900 | 9,372,214 | 8.2% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1980 | 10,291,927 | 4.9% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1910 | 10,078,637 | 7.5% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1991 | 10,302,215 | 0.1% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1921 | 10,009,587 | -0.7% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 2001 | 10,230,060 | -0.7% |- |} The majority of the inhabitants of the Czech Republic (95%) are ethnically Czechs and speak Czech language, a member of the Slavic languages. Other ethnic groups include ethnic German, Roma and Sinti, Magyars, Ukrainians and Poles. After the 1993 division, some Slovaks remained in the Czech Republic and comprise roughly 2% of the current population. The border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia is open for citizens of the former Czechoslovakia. A majority of Czechs (59%) are atheists. Significant religious groups include Roman Catholics (27%), Protestants (1.2%), Czechoslovak Hussites (1%) and Jehovah's Witnesses (0.2%). == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of the Czech Republic'' * Famous Czech People * Music of the Czech Republic * Cinema of the Czech Republic * Literature of the Czech Republic * National Theatre (Prague) == Miscellaneous topics == * Communications in the Czech Republic * Transportation in the Czech Republic * Military of the Czech Republic * Foreign relations of the Czech Republic * Tourism in the Czech Republic * List of cities in the Czech Republic * Public holidays in the Czech Republic * List of Czech Republic-related topics ==Reference== *''Much of the material in these articles comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.'' == External links == * [http://portal.gov.cz/wps/portal/_s.155/5906?lng=en Portal of the Public Administration of Czech Republic] * [http://www.Czech.cz Official Czech portal] * [http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/ Czech Press Agency news in English] * [http://radio.cz/en/ Radio Prague] - website of the English service of Czech Radio * [http://www.praguepost.com/ Prague Post] - English-language newsweekly * [http://www.vlada.cz/1250/eng/aktuality.htm Government website], in English * [http://www.hrad.cz/ Presidential website], click for a pop-up overview of English-languge content * [http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/CzechRepublic/Prague_photos.html Pictures of Prague] * [http://www.psp.cz/cgi-bin/eng Chamber of Deputies website], in English * [http://www.senat.cz/index-eng.php Senate website], in English * [http://www.czechtourism.com/index.php?lang=3 CzechTourism] - governmental agency aimed at promoting tourism in the Czech Republic * Wikitravel:Czech Republic - share your tourist experience Czech Republic European Union member states bn:চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র la:Tzekia lv:Čehija li:Tsjechië zh-min-nan:Česko na:Republik Czechia nds:Tschechien se:Čeahkka simple:Czech Republic vi:Cộng hoà Czesk
== Foreign Relations merge == I think it would be appropriate to merge the Czech Republic/Foreign relations and Czech Republic/Transnational issues into a single article, titled "Foreign relations of the Czech Republic". I'd leave both subpage links as redirects to the new article. Would anyone object to such an idea? User:-- April 08:33 Aug 28, 2002 (PDT) : I thought it was agreed to rename all X/Transnational Issues pages to Foreign relations of X, so I'd say nobody will object this. User:Jheijmans ---- == The name Czechia == Why does Wikipedia not name the article about Germany "Federal Republic of Germany" and the article about France "French Republic", while the article about Czechia is named Czech Republic? Why do you use the official name in this single case?? - Miroslav :It's not called this because it's the official name, but because it's the name most commonly used in an English-language context - it's a general Wikipedia policy to do this. --User:Camembert ::Despite my edit some weeks ago adding Czechia to the Europe page, i support the group of edits that, in the last 24 hours, drastically downgrades the use of the term. (I'm about to edit one use of it into the new text, which may fix a slight awkwardness. If i'm being too prissy, i hope someone will revert or improve it.) --User:Jerzy 13:51, 2003 Oct 19 (UTC) :Could it be that Czechia is so rarely used because it is so similar in pronunciation to Chechnya? --User:128.176.76.16 08:11, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::I doubt it. Consider the case of Georgia (country) and Georgia (U.S. state), or Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo, or even Australia and Austria. There are plenty of similar-sounding geographic names. I think it's because (as far as I know) the name ''Czechia'' has never been used in English before, so it's a strange-sounding word to most people, and the name ''Czech Republic'' was ingrained into people's minds first. To be honest, many people I talk to still refer to ''Czechoslovakia''; even worse, when I tell people I'm studying Czech language, they ask me, "Oh, you mean Czechoslovakian?", as if the word ''Czech'' is somehow an abbreviation for ''Czechoslovakian'' as ''trig'' is to ''trigonometry''. Sigh. If only we could issue a giant electromagnetic blast or something and burn the words ''Czech'' and ''Czechia'' into everyone's brains. --User:Bkell 08:26, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) It remains a real mystery why the name "Czechia" has never caught on among English-speakers, but I agree that it is a fact that it has not and that the name given to this article is, for now at least, the correct one. The only reason I can think of is the look of the word itself. While (''pace'' Bkell) few have ever had any problems with the word "Czech", which has seen long employment -- and was also frequently, if erroneously, used to mean Czechoslovak(ian) -- the written form "Czechia" looks hard to pronounce. Is that "Chek-kia" or is it meant to be "Cheh-hia"? And if you try throwing "Czechia" into your conversation, "to try it out for size", people tend to look at you somewhat pityingly: you are clearly either a little mad ("he's making up his own names for countries now") or so uneducated that you don't know the country is called either (to those who have been asleep for the last dozen years or so) "Czechoslovakia" or (to those who do follow foreign news) "the Czech Republic". Has there not also been a certain lack of will on the part of the Czechs themselves, however? The people of Belarus have had far more success in persuading the English-speaking world to call their country by a name of their own choosing. Are the Czechs too unassertive to be able to point out now and again that "actually we'd prefer it if you called our country Czechia"? -- User:81.133.73.122 15:08, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC) Just my 2 cents, but I've always felt that "The Czech Republic" was an awkward construction as articulated in English. That being said, "Czechia" wouldn't be much better, in the clumsiness department. User:Dukeofomnium 20:49, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC) : I'm surprised no one mentioned this already: I read a few years ago that the reason the Czechs don't use "Cheh-hia" or something similar to that is because that's the name the Germans gave it when it was a rump state in World War II. Too many bad memories over that, understandably, is the reason given. Has anyone heard different? User:Krupo 01:49, Jun 23, 2004 (UTC) ::Thats realy not the reason. First, during German occupation, the land was named "Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren" (German), which translates to Czech "Říšský protektorát Čechy a Morava". In Czech it was usualy abbreviated "protektorat". Translation to English would be "Reichs protectorate Bohemia and Moravia", but I wonder, how important that was - English speaking countries were Allies, and standard name propably was "occupied Czechoslovakia". ::So there no direct or indirect link to Czechia, and this theorz is completelz wrong.User:Wikimol 07:43, 26 Jun 2004 (UTC) ::: What Krupo means is the German word "Tschechei" instead of the older (and present-day) form "Tschechien". Tschechei was (by coincidence) used during the Nazi period, so that the Czechs do not like it. But this has nothing to do with Czechia, which is the Enhglish equivalent for both Tschechien and Tschechei. The real reason for the use of Czech Republic instead of Czechia is that the Czechs themselves initially used the Czech equivalent of Czech Republic rather than Czechia (reasons: see Czech lands), so that all translators used Czech Republic in English as well, so that English-speaking people started to think that this is the correct usage. Nowadays many Czechs understand this "error" and use the Czech equivalent of Czechia increasingly, but for the English-speaking world it seems to be too late, although Czech Republic is in fact ridiculous and Czechia is historically and geographically correct, short und clear. User:Juro :::: Thanks for the clarification. To understand how difficult it can be to change, consider people who want the word collision/crash to be used in place of accident in the context of car crashes. It takes a bit of mental re-programming to get used to that, or Czechia for that matter.... :) User:Krupo 20:18, Jun 27, 2004 (UTC) I guess, ''Czechia'' didn't come to wider usage yet because it was simply not used. The truth is that Czechs didn't know how to call the country when Slovakia left the federation. However, ''Czechia'' is more and more used, I meet more and more people across Europe who use this word. An official name sounds too officialy and is not pleasant for many people. Many Czechs feel, a short name is needed. Wikipedia is a very fast medium and can use this short and correct word among the first ones. There are several reasons why to use shorter version: * It is official since 1993 similarly to the long name. * Althought dictionaries are usually very conservative media, we can found ''Czechia'' even in them: Try [http://www2.dict.cc/ dict.cc (ENG-GER)], [http://www.online-translator.com/text.asp#tr_form Online-translator(ENG-RUS)], [http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/SEARCH_RESULTS.html?y=0&q=Czechia&x=0&ssid=22481405&scope=global&time=0.836086687582444 Oxford Reference] and [http://slovnik.zcu.cz/online/index.php Free ENG-CZ]. Wikipedia also knows Czechia and this page is used even by some dictionaries, try [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ Webster's online dictionary]. * Czech Wikipedia also uses the Czech equivalent '''' as its primary name. * Similarly , , , , , , ?, ?, , , , , , ?. All these languages are among top languages in Wikipedia and they have a short variant as a primary one. I marked he, ja and zh versions with a question mark because I am not able to decide if this is really a short version. I suppose, yes. User:Miraceti 00:43, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) : I fear that many of these names, including the Czech one, are not simple equivalents of "Czechia", as they mean both "Bohemia" and (by extension) the whole Czech state. -- User:Naive cynic 01:09, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::You are not right, it is enough to click on the links to get a proof. I cannot say anything about he, ja and zh due to non-latin alphabet and bg, fi and uk due to a lack of information on their pages (but I will ask my friends) but all other languages distinguish between "Czechia" and "Bohemia". See , , , , , , , . User:Miraceti 09:59, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) :: :: :: ::: I said 'many of', not 'all'. ''Чехия'' (Bulgarian, Russian), ''Чехија'' (Macedonian), ''Τσεχία'' (Greek), ''Čehija'' (Latvian), ''Čekija'' (Lithuanian), ''Češka'' (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian), ''Csehország'' (Hungarian), ''Czechy'' (Polish) - all of them have both meanings. In colloquial, rather than formal usage, it is also often true for Czech and Slovakian ''Čechy''. Polish ''Bohemia'', which you refer to, is not a stylistically neutral variant, but rather a poetic one (and it is also the case for Russian ''Богемия''). It has been, apparently, used on pl: only for a need of disambiguating name. -- User:Naive cynic 18:41, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::You are absolutely right, in fact, Bohemia is a traditional name of the country (used until 1918) in English and IMHO should be used again. When Bohemia regained its independence in 1918, it was decided to rename it "Czechoslovakia" to show that it is a country of Czechs (Bohemia) and Slovaks (acquired territories in northern Hungary, now Slovakia). When Slovakia seceded, we should get back to Bohemia instead of creating another strange word after "Czechoslovakia", now "Czechia". (This renaming took place mostly in Romance and Germanic languages, where the traditional "Celtic" name derived from Boii tribe remained in use over centuries.) -- User:Qertis 19:55, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::: No, the term Česko for the geographical Czech territory exists at least since the middle ages, it was codified in 1777. The English equivalent exists since centuries as well. "Česko" was also used thrghout the existence of Czechoslovakia, although rarely (you can find it in texts referring to 1918, 1968 and for example in the book "Zeměpisná jména Československa" [Geographical names of Czechoslovakia] of 1982 written by experts on such things). The term Bohemia always referred only to western Czechia, while the rest was called Moravia and Silesia. If the term Bohemia was used for all Czech lands, it was an error stemming from the correct term "Lands of the Bohemian crown". In addition, it was the Czechs themselves who insisted on replacing the terms "Bohemian" (Böhmisch) with Czech in the 19th century (not in the 20th century). (Finally, you should not denote Slovakia as "acquired territory", because that's historically not correct...) User:Juro 22:00, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::::"Česko" is just a modern form of "Čechy" (I have seen some "Česko, Morava a Slezsko" phrases several times) like Rakousy-Rakousko, Španěly-Španělsko etc. and the factual difference between these two terms is only additional. Bohemia always referred to the realm ruled by the king of Bohemia, which means also present-day Moravia and Silesia, and not only Bohemia proper. Austria is not only Upper and Lower Austria (Austria proper), Poland is more than just Greater Poland and Bohemia is simply more than Bohemia proper. You are right that "Czechs" and "Bohemians" were distinguished earlier, but "Magyars" and "Hungarians" as well and there is no "Magyaria" on the English map of Europe. In short, there is no reason to fight for Czechia when you have such a nice and time-proven name. (As for Slovakia, it wasn't meant to be rude, there are just some historians promoting this point of view...) -- User:Qertis 01:43, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: What you are saying seems to be plausible, but it simply is not true. I have dealt specifically with this topic once. There is a difference between what people were using incorrectly (namely Bohemia as an abreviation for the "Lands of the Bohemian crown") and what the correct term was. (1) Moravia (and of course Silesia) always had a kind of separate administration and status (unlike Slovakia which lost its special status within Hungary in 1108) . If you take any old map you will see Lands of the Bohemian Crown subdivided into Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia (or Teschen, Opole etc.) etc.. Specifically, during Austria-Hungary (ie. before the creation of Czechoslovakia), Bohemia and Moravia were completely separated. - see e.g. [http://www.euratlas.com/time2.htm] from 1200 onwards (2) The term Česko was used as a general geographical term for the "Czech" (whatever that meant) territory (just like Slovensko for the territory inhabited by Slovaks, although there was no political unit) - the ending -sko has always had this general meaning. (3) Of course, linguistically, Česko is the modern form of Čechy, but it is "modern" since the Renaissance and acquired a special meaning soon (which is often the case with alternative names). However Česko was very rare (I know that), because on the one hand the adjective of Česko and Čechy is identical in Czech and on the other hand people simply always specified whether they mean Bohemia / Moravia / Silesia etc. in the past (4) As for "Magyaria", you are right, but the fact that the Magyars did not manage to persuade the world to use the name they desire (they changed Hungaria into "Land of Magyars" in the 1840s in the Hungarian language) is no argument. (5) Most importantly, I know no reputable Czech source (or at least encyclopaedia) that would support your interpretation of the definition of the term "Čechy" as referring to all Lands of the Bohemian crown. User:Juro 04:55, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: I don't know, whether there is any "correct" or "incorrect" name of the country, names are first of all "used" or "unused" and Bohemia is the name employed for describing the Czech state for centuries, while Czechia is a much younger invention. Moravia has been integral part of Bohemia since 11th century (with only short breaks) until today. There was constant pressure from the Empire and Habsburgs to weaken this unity (e.g. Moravian Margravate established by Barbarossa) and it was later somehow successful within ever more centralised Habsburg Empire, that's true. But today's Bohemia/Czechia is a unitary state and to me it is better to use the old, traditional, though a little bit ambiguous term rather than the new, ahistorical and for many people "weird" one. Ad (5) see [http://h-net.org/~habsweb/sourcetexts/masaryk2.htm]. -- User:Qertis 17:16, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: Of course there is a correct, i.e. used as official, name and other names. I can only repeat what I already said above. The example you are giving is a very very bad one - this was only a proposal of 1915 and has nothing to do with the state which then arose in reality, which was called Czechoslovakia as you know (and not "Bohemian state"). And as you can see, it also includes Slovakia as part of the "Bohemian state", which is a non-sense from any point of view. There were proposals for a Russian state, Slovak state, Polish state and Czecho-Slovakia etc. in this area at that time. So this is really a very bad example ...User:Juro 19:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: If "Bohemia" (and "Republic of Bohemia") was proclaimed as the new official name of the Czech Republic, than it would become the correct name as you defined it. Ihe example only shows that also such an educated and experienced politician as Masaryk used the name Bohemia for the whole independent state, even including future Slovakia, certainly without any intention of antagonizing Slovaks or Moravians. I don't know who is responsible for the invention of "Czechoslovakia" (as a name), it is obvious, however, that it came only after the proposals of independce (and that it causes headaches to this very day). -- User:Qertis 11:26, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::::(1)We can hardly argue using Ifs. . . (2) Actually, you should have learned in history that this (one-time) use of "Bohemian state" had specific political reasons at that time (that is before Czechoslovak troops helped the Entente in the war) - namely to show that Czechoslovakia will not be another Austria-Hungary, i. e. a country with ethnic problems. (3) Most importantly, however, it is good that you mention Masaryk, because this educated person also said on 31 May 1918 (i. e. 2-3 years later): "There will a free "Česko" (Czechia) and a free "Slovensko" (Slovakia)", which is a good example for the use of Czechia... User:Juro 23:49, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::: 1) 'Many of' what? My list comes from the top Wikipedian languages which uses an equivalent of 'Czechia' as a name for the Czechia's article. I wonder, where you take your sureness of the languages you write about because I discuss it with native people as most as I can and it is not easy at all. :::: 2) BTW: What is the problem, if an equivalent of 'Czechia' is ambiguous in some languages? 'England' or 'Great Britain' are also very ambiguous in many languages and nobody wants to rename it. ::::User:Miraceti 23:44, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::: 1) Corrections are, of course, welcome. ::::: 2) It certainly isn't a problem for me. It was, however, perceived as a problem by Czech government, which was one of the two reasons why did they decide to adopt the name ''Czechia''. -- User:Naive cynic 13:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) I just thought of something... If a person from Slovakia was Slovakian, then if suddenly people started using Czechia, it could get confusing. Usually, people say a person from the Czech Republic is Czech. So then if Czechia was used, would the person from there be Czechian? Even though the term Slovak makes sense, there are other countries where it doesn't make sense. Or maybe I'm entirely wrong. A person from Slovakia is correcly called Slovak just like a person from Germany is a German and not a Germanian. There are however other countries were the -ian form is correct. There is complete chaos regarding these things in the English (and many other) languages. It is impossible to derive any rules whatsoever from this. User:Juro 00:14, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Proposal to move== I favor moving to the name Czechia. The unfamiliarity of some is not a reason to use an incorrect name. This is what redirects are for, right? The current second paragraph is painful to read. It seems disrespectful, as if we were saying, "The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993 announced that the name Czechia is to be used ..., but we don't care." The problem is not the phrasing, but the fact of it. User:Pekinensis 19:16, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC) :I second it. User:Miraceti 19:23, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) :: Me too, but this will probably entail an edit war ...User:Juro 22:28, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) OK, we've had a concrete proposal from Pekinensis, seconded by Miraceti and Juro. I add my name to that. Since the proposal was made, three months have passed, and no-one has objected. To avoid a possible edit war I will do nothing for another couple of days, but if there is no objection posted here by the weekend, I will move this article to \"Czechia\". It is none of our business as non-Czechs to argue whether it is a good name or not, and therefore most of the above discussion is irrelevant. The issue is very simple: it is patronising to call any nation or group by a different name from the one they want. They want it, we do it, that's how respect for other cultures works. --User:Doric Loon 07:40, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) : Unfortunately, you will not be able to put this over. User:Juro 15:55, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::You mean it would be reverted? I won't do it if there is not a majority here. If there is, I hope the minority will respect that.--User:Doric Loon 09:10, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) :: The problem is that I do not know whether they are a majority, but there are just certain people here who always revert any change towards "Czechia", because "they" do not use it...Maybe you should just try to move the page, let's see what happens, but I am quite sure it will be reverted...User:Juro 19:06, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) The English name is Czech Republic, not Czechia. That's absolutely self-evident. Just search for the two terms in Google News. 6,620 to 12. User:NoPuzzleStranger 09:56, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) : The point is that the English name is both Czech Republic and Czechia, but people do not know that and hence are using Czech Republic only. Most of the 6000 occurencies are a result of a huge and quite obvious error [because there is no reason for not using Czechia - a form that is correct, desired, does not hurt anybody and is short], that the Wikipedia has been supporting here for years, because its policy is basically to use anything having a majority in Google, although Google is a very bad reference, usually propagating popular mistakes. User:Juro 15:55, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::Well, I'm a native English speaker and I use it, therefore it is AN English form.--User:Doric Loon 09:16, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) Hi, I have just moved the page. It will need a lot of work to change everything but let's see what will happen after the first step. User:Miraceti 11:24, 7 May 2005 (UTC) == Your Heading Here == In regards to some people considoring Czech and Czechoslavkian to be the same id like to bring up the issue of lineage. Is Czech Rep. or Slavakia the former Czechoslavkia that was created after WWI and as a result of the Great War. Its a East Germany meets West Germany situation because some would ask if it was East Germany that was formally Prussia and rouge or was it West Germany that was forced to sign the Treaty of Versaillies. Can Slovakia list its date of independence as 1918? Both countries cant have the heritage and history. Because Nazi Germany only annexed the Czech part of Czechoslavakia and left the remainder that means that Czechoslakia was still Czech and Slovak because half remained to carry on the link between present and past. Slavakia lost WW II but did it independently so perhaps Wikipedia should list them as having Czechoslakia as their precurcor alone. Vital component 4:22 am May 3rd ---- I'd just removed this remark: :(the remainder of a once larger minority) from demography. During and after WWII not only Bohemian Germans were expelled, but also most of Bohemian Jews and many Roma murdered in extermination camps, part of Hungarian population mostly of Slovakia was exchanged with Hungary and other things happened. I dont see other reason for that remark other than promoting German expellees agenda. User:Wikimol 22:12, 14 May 2004 (UTC) == Religions == Does anyone know a source for the religion statistics (Roman Catholic 27%, Protestant 1%, Czechoslovak Hussites 1%, atheists 59%, the remainder uncertain)? The CIA Factbook gives different numbers (Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%, atheist 39.8%), which sound more reasonable to me. --User:152.66.212.151 16:52, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC) : The 2001 census, see [http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/basic_final_results_of_the_population_and_housing_census_2001]. Your numbers appear to come from the 1991 census (Czech only PDF: [http://www.czso.cz/sldb/sldb.nsf/i/D86E24A9E96E6C30C1256E630051315F/$File/SLDB1991-tab.3.pdf] ) though note that the 13% "other" is actually Not Identified, i. e. undeclared, and the Orthodox number seems still too high. 1991 was comparatively shortly after the fall of Communism and religion had a lot of sympathies so people declared for it it even without attending church regularly etc.; however, since then especially the Catholic church fell out of popular favour. The newer numbers are rather closer to the "true state" - we're a very atheist country. --User:Malyctenar 11:27, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)
European Union member states European countries Visegrád group Slavic countries
#REDIRECT Czech Republic
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Czech_Republic:
Czech_Republic
Czech_Republic
Czech_Republic
Czech_republic
Czech_Republic/Communications
Czech_republic/Communications
Czech_Republic/Economy
Czech_republic/Economy
Czech_Republic/Foreign_relations
Czech_Republic/Geography
Czech_republic/Geography
Czech_Republic/Government
Czech_republic/Government
Czech_Republic/History
Czech_republic/History
Czech_Republic/Literature
Czech_Republic/Military
Czech_republic/Military
Czech_Republic/People
Czech_republic/People
Czech_Republic/Sacrum
Czech_Republic/Transnational_issues
Czech_republic/Transnational_issues
Czech_Republic/Transportation
Czech_republic/Transportation
Czech_Republic_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics
Czech_Republic_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics
Czech_Republic_infobox
Czech_Republic_national_football_team
Czech_Republic_national_football_team
Czech Republic
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+Česká republika |- | colspan=2 | {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 | style=background:#efefef align="center" width="120px" | | style=background:#efefef align="center" width="120px" | |- | align="center" width="120px" | (Flag of the Czech Republic) | align="center" width="120px" | (w:Image:Czech_coatofarms.jpg) |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | ''National motto: Truth prevails
(Czech language: Pravda vítězí)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | |- | Official language | Czech language |- | Capital | Praha (Prague) |- | President of the Czech Republic | Václav Klaus |- | Prime Minister of the Czech Republic | Jiri Paroubek |- | Area
- Total
- % water | List of countries by area
1 E10 m²
2% |- | Population
- Total (2003)
- Population density | List of countries by population
10.25 million
130/km² |- | Gross Domestic Product
- Total
- GDP per capita | (Purchasing_Power_Parity 2005)
$198.976 billion (list of countries by GDP (PPP))
$19,475 (List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita) |- | HDI | UN_HDI_index (2004) |- | Christianized
- Date | Bořivoj I
AD 883 |- | Independence
- Date | Regained October 28, 1918
as Czechoslovakia,
divided January 1 1993 |- | Currency | Czech koruna (CZK) |- | Time zone
- in European Summer Time | Central European Time (Coordinated Universal Time+1)
Central European Summer Time (Coordinated Universal Time+2) |- | National anthem | ''Where is My Home?''
''Czech: Kde domov muj'' |- | Top-level domain | .cz |- | List_of_country_calling_codes | 420 ("0" appended to Czechoslovakia's "42") |} The Czech Republic (Czech language: ''Česká republika'' ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The republic borders Poland to the north, Germany to the northwest and west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. Historic Prague (Czech language: ''Praha''), a major tourism attraction, is its capital and largest city. The country is composed of two older regions, Bohemia and Moravia, and part of a third one, Silesia. As of May 1, 2004, it is a member state of the European Union. The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993 announced that the name Czechia (Czech language: ''Česko'') is to be used in all situations other than formal official documents and the full names of government institutions [http://www.p.lodz.pl/I35/personal/jw37/EUROPE/cesko2.htm], [http://www.p.lodz.pl/I35/personal/jw37/EUROPE/cesko1.htm], but this is controversial in the Czech Republic [http://www.radio.cz/en/article/53850] and has not caught on in English usage. See also: Czech lands. == History == ''Main article: History of the Czech Republic'' The Czech lands emerged in the late 9th century when it was unified by the Premyslids. The Kingdom (politics) of Bohemia was a significant local power, but religious conflicts such as the 15th century Hussite Wars and the 17th century Thirty Years War were devastating. It later came under the Habsburg influence and became part of Austria-Hungary. Following the collapse of this state after World War I, the Czechs and neighbouring Slovakia joined together and formed the independent republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918. This new country contained a large ethnic German minority, which would lead to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia when Germany successfully annexed the minority through the Munich Agreement in 1938, and Slovakia gained greater autonomy, with the state renamed "Czecho-Slovakia". Slovakia broke away further in 1939 and the remaining Czech state was occupied by the Germans. After World War II, a reconstituted Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet Union sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalise party rule and create "socialism with a human face" during the Prague Spring. In 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its "freedom" through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution". On January 1, 1993, the country peacefully split in two, creating independent Czech and Slovakia republics. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of the Czech Republic'' According to its Constitution_of_Czech_republic the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy, whose head of state is a President of the Czech Republic, indirectly elected every five years by the parliament. The president is also granted specific powers such as the right to nominate Constitutional Court judges, dissolve parliament under certain conditions, and enact a veto on legislation. He also appoints the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, who sets the agenda for most foreign and domestic policy, as well the other members of the cabinet (government) on a proposal by the prime minister. The Czech parliament (''Parlament'') is bicameral, with a Chamber of Deputies (''Poslanecká sněmovna'') and a Senate (''Senát''). The 200 Chamber delegates are elected for 4-year terms, on the basis of proportional representation. The 81 members of the Czech Senate serve for 6-year terms with one-third being elected every 2 years on the basis of two-round majority voting. The country's highest court of appeals is the Supreme Court. The Constitutional Court, which rules on constitutional issues, is appointed by the president, and its members serve 10-year terms. == Regions == ''Main article: Regions of the Czech Republic; see also: [http://www.czech.cz/index.php?section=1&menu=5 Overview of regions in Czech Republic]'' The Czech Republic consists of 13 regions (''kraje'', singular - ''kraj'') and one capital city (''hlavní město''), marked by a *:
| Region (in Czech) | Capital (in Czech) | ''color'' |
| Prague* (Praha) | ||
| Central Bohemian Region (Středočeský kraj) | Kladno, but its offices are located in Prague (Praha) | |
| South Bohemian Region (Jihočeský kraj) | Ceske Budejovice | |
| Plzen Region (Plzeňský kraj) | Plzen | |
| Carlsbad Region (Karlovarský kraj) | Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad) | |
| Ústí nad Labem Region (Ústecký kraj) | Ústí nad Labem | |
| Liberec Region (Liberecký kraj) | Liberec | |
| Hradec Kralove Region (Královéhradecký kraj) | Hradec Králové | |
| Pardubice Region (Pardubický kraj) | Pardubice | |
| Olomouc Region (Olomoucký kraj) | Olomouc | |
| Moravian-Silesian Region (Moravskoslezský kraj) | Ostrava | |
| South Moravian Region (Jihomoravský kraj) | Brno | |
| Zlin Region (Zlínský kraj) | Zlín | |
| Vysocina Region (Vysočina) | Jihlava |
== Geography == ''Main article: Geography of the Czech Republic'' The Czech landscape is quite varied; Bohemia to the west consists of a basin, drained by the Elbe (Czech language: ''Labe'') and Vltava rivers, surrounded by mostly low mountains such as the Sudeten with its part Krkonose, where one also finds the highest point in the country, the Snezka at 1,602 m. Moravia, the eastern part, is also quite hilly and is drained predominantly by the Morava river, Central Europe river, but also contains the source of the Oder (Czech language: ''Odra'') river. Water from the landlocked Czech Republic flows to three different seas: the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea. The local climate is temperate climate with warm summers and cold, cloudy, humid winters, typified by a mixture of maritime and continental influences. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of the Czech Republic'' One of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states, the Czech Republic has been recovering from recession since mid-1999. Growth in 2000-2001 was led by exports to the EU, especially Germany, and foreign investment, while domestic demand is reviving. With a GDP (PPP) per capita of $19,475, the Czech Republic's per-capita output is approximately two-thirds that of the leading European economies. Uncomfortably high fiscal and current account deficits could be future problems. Moves to complete banking, telecommunications, and energy privatisation will add to foreign investment, while intensified restructuring among large enterprises and banks and improvements in the financial sector should strengthen output growth. == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of the Czech Republic'' {|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 style="text-align:right; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 50px;" !bgcolor=#f9f9f9 colspan="6" align=center | Population of the Czech lands (CSU, Prague) |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| Year !! Total !! Change !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| Year !! Total !! Change |+ align=bottom | |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1857 | 7,016,531 | - !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1930 | 10,674,386 | 6.6% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1869 | 7,617,230 | 8.6% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1950 | 8,896,133 | -16.7% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1880 | 8,222,013 | 7.9% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1961 | 9,571,531 | 7.6% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1890 | 8,665,421 | 5.4% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1970 | 9,807,697 | 2.5% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1900 | 9,372,214 | 8.2% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1980 | 10,291,927 | 4.9% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1910 | 10,078,637 | 7.5% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1991 | 10,302,215 | 0.1% |- !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 1921 | 10,009,587 | -0.7% !bgcolor=#f9f9f9| 2001 | 10,230,060 | -0.7% |- |} The majority of the inhabitants of the Czech Republic (95%) are ethnically Czechs and speak Czech language, a member of the Slavic languages. Other ethnic groups include ethnic German, Roma and Sinti, Magyars, Ukrainians and Poles. After the 1993 division, some Slovaks remained in the Czech Republic and comprise roughly 2% of the current population. The border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia is open for citizens of the former Czechoslovakia. A majority of Czechs (59%) are atheists. Significant religious groups include Roman Catholics (27%), Protestants (1.2%), Czechoslovak Hussites (1%) and Jehovah's Witnesses (0.2%). == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of the Czech Republic'' * Famous Czech People * Music of the Czech Republic * Cinema of the Czech Republic * Literature of the Czech Republic * National Theatre (Prague) == Miscellaneous topics == * Communications in the Czech Republic * Transportation in the Czech Republic * Military of the Czech Republic * Foreign relations of the Czech Republic * Tourism in the Czech Republic * List of cities in the Czech Republic * Public holidays in the Czech Republic * List of Czech Republic-related topics ==Reference== *''Much of the material in these articles comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.'' == External links == * [http://portal.gov.cz/wps/portal/_s.155/5906?lng=en Portal of the Public Administration of Czech Republic] * [http://www.Czech.cz Official Czech portal] * [http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/ Czech Press Agency news in English] * [http://radio.cz/en/ Radio Prague] - website of the English service of Czech Radio * [http://www.praguepost.com/ Prague Post] - English-language newsweekly * [http://www.vlada.cz/1250/eng/aktuality.htm Government website], in English * [http://www.hrad.cz/ Presidential website], click for a pop-up overview of English-languge content * [http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/CzechRepublic/Prague_photos.html Pictures of Prague] * [http://www.psp.cz/cgi-bin/eng Chamber of Deputies website], in English * [http://www.senat.cz/index-eng.php Senate website], in English * [http://www.czechtourism.com/index.php?lang=3 CzechTourism] - governmental agency aimed at promoting tourism in the Czech Republic * Wikitravel:Czech Republic - share your tourist experience Czech Republic European Union member states bn:চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র la:Tzekia lv:Čehija li:Tsjechië zh-min-nan:Česko na:Republik Czechia nds:Tschechien se:Čeahkka simple:Czech Republic vi:Cộng hoà Czesk
Czech Republic
== Foreign Relations merge == I think it would be appropriate to merge the Czech Republic/Foreign relations and Czech Republic/Transnational issues into a single article, titled "Foreign relations of the Czech Republic". I'd leave both subpage links as redirects to the new article. Would anyone object to such an idea? User:-- April 08:33 Aug 28, 2002 (PDT) : I thought it was agreed to rename all X/Transnational Issues pages to Foreign relations of X, so I'd say nobody will object this. User:Jheijmans ---- == The name Czechia == Why does Wikipedia not name the article about Germany "Federal Republic of Germany" and the article about France "French Republic", while the article about Czechia is named Czech Republic? Why do you use the official name in this single case?? - Miroslav :It's not called this because it's the official name, but because it's the name most commonly used in an English-language context - it's a general Wikipedia policy to do this. --User:Camembert ::Despite my edit some weeks ago adding Czechia to the Europe page, i support the group of edits that, in the last 24 hours, drastically downgrades the use of the term. (I'm about to edit one use of it into the new text, which may fix a slight awkwardness. If i'm being too prissy, i hope someone will revert or improve it.) --User:Jerzy 13:51, 2003 Oct 19 (UTC) :Could it be that Czechia is so rarely used because it is so similar in pronunciation to Chechnya? --User:128.176.76.16 08:11, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::I doubt it. Consider the case of Georgia (country) and Georgia (U.S. state), or Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo, or even Australia and Austria. There are plenty of similar-sounding geographic names. I think it's because (as far as I know) the name ''Czechia'' has never been used in English before, so it's a strange-sounding word to most people, and the name ''Czech Republic'' was ingrained into people's minds first. To be honest, many people I talk to still refer to ''Czechoslovakia''; even worse, when I tell people I'm studying Czech language, they ask me, "Oh, you mean Czechoslovakian?", as if the word ''Czech'' is somehow an abbreviation for ''Czechoslovakian'' as ''trig'' is to ''trigonometry''. Sigh. If only we could issue a giant electromagnetic blast or something and burn the words ''Czech'' and ''Czechia'' into everyone's brains. --User:Bkell 08:26, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC) It remains a real mystery why the name "Czechia" has never caught on among English-speakers, but I agree that it is a fact that it has not and that the name given to this article is, for now at least, the correct one. The only reason I can think of is the look of the word itself. While (''pace'' Bkell) few have ever had any problems with the word "Czech", which has seen long employment -- and was also frequently, if erroneously, used to mean Czechoslovak(ian) -- the written form "Czechia" looks hard to pronounce. Is that "Chek-kia" or is it meant to be "Cheh-hia"? And if you try throwing "Czechia" into your conversation, "to try it out for size", people tend to look at you somewhat pityingly: you are clearly either a little mad ("he's making up his own names for countries now") or so uneducated that you don't know the country is called either (to those who have been asleep for the last dozen years or so) "Czechoslovakia" or (to those who do follow foreign news) "the Czech Republic". Has there not also been a certain lack of will on the part of the Czechs themselves, however? The people of Belarus have had far more success in persuading the English-speaking world to call their country by a name of their own choosing. Are the Czechs too unassertive to be able to point out now and again that "actually we'd prefer it if you called our country Czechia"? -- User:81.133.73.122 15:08, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC) Just my 2 cents, but I've always felt that "The Czech Republic" was an awkward construction as articulated in English. That being said, "Czechia" wouldn't be much better, in the clumsiness department. User:Dukeofomnium 20:49, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC) : I'm surprised no one mentioned this already: I read a few years ago that the reason the Czechs don't use "Cheh-hia" or something similar to that is because that's the name the Germans gave it when it was a rump state in World War II. Too many bad memories over that, understandably, is the reason given. Has anyone heard different? User:Krupo 01:49, Jun 23, 2004 (UTC) ::Thats realy not the reason. First, during German occupation, the land was named "Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren" (German), which translates to Czech "Říšský protektorát Čechy a Morava". In Czech it was usualy abbreviated "protektorat". Translation to English would be "Reichs protectorate Bohemia and Moravia", but I wonder, how important that was - English speaking countries were Allies, and standard name propably was "occupied Czechoslovakia". ::So there no direct or indirect link to Czechia, and this theorz is completelz wrong.User:Wikimol 07:43, 26 Jun 2004 (UTC) ::: What Krupo means is the German word "Tschechei" instead of the older (and present-day) form "Tschechien". Tschechei was (by coincidence) used during the Nazi period, so that the Czechs do not like it. But this has nothing to do with Czechia, which is the Enhglish equivalent for both Tschechien and Tschechei. The real reason for the use of Czech Republic instead of Czechia is that the Czechs themselves initially used the Czech equivalent of Czech Republic rather than Czechia (reasons: see Czech lands), so that all translators used Czech Republic in English as well, so that English-speaking people started to think that this is the correct usage. Nowadays many Czechs understand this "error" and use the Czech equivalent of Czechia increasingly, but for the English-speaking world it seems to be too late, although Czech Republic is in fact ridiculous and Czechia is historically and geographically correct, short und clear. User:Juro :::: Thanks for the clarification. To understand how difficult it can be to change, consider people who want the word collision/crash to be used in place of accident in the context of car crashes. It takes a bit of mental re-programming to get used to that, or Czechia for that matter.... :) User:Krupo 20:18, Jun 27, 2004 (UTC) I guess, ''Czechia'' didn't come to wider usage yet because it was simply not used. The truth is that Czechs didn't know how to call the country when Slovakia left the federation. However, ''Czechia'' is more and more used, I meet more and more people across Europe who use this word. An official name sounds too officialy and is not pleasant for many people. Many Czechs feel, a short name is needed. Wikipedia is a very fast medium and can use this short and correct word among the first ones. There are several reasons why to use shorter version: * It is official since 1993 similarly to the long name. * Althought dictionaries are usually very conservative media, we can found ''Czechia'' even in them: Try [http://www2.dict.cc/ dict.cc (ENG-GER)], [http://www.online-translator.com/text.asp#tr_form Online-translator(ENG-RUS)], [http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/SEARCH_RESULTS.html?y=0&q=Czechia&x=0&ssid=22481405&scope=global&time=0.836086687582444 Oxford Reference] and [http://slovnik.zcu.cz/online/index.php Free ENG-CZ]. Wikipedia also knows Czechia and this page is used even by some dictionaries, try [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/ Webster's online dictionary]. * Czech Wikipedia also uses the Czech equivalent '''' as its primary name. * Similarly , , , , , , ?, ?, , , , , , ?. All these languages are among top languages in Wikipedia and they have a short variant as a primary one. I marked he, ja and zh versions with a question mark because I am not able to decide if this is really a short version. I suppose, yes. User:Miraceti 00:43, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) : I fear that many of these names, including the Czech one, are not simple equivalents of "Czechia", as they mean both "Bohemia" and (by extension) the whole Czech state. -- User:Naive cynic 01:09, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::You are not right, it is enough to click on the links to get a proof. I cannot say anything about he, ja and zh due to non-latin alphabet and bg, fi and uk due to a lack of information on their pages (but I will ask my friends) but all other languages distinguish between "Czechia" and "Bohemia". See , , , , , , , . User:Miraceti 09:59, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) :: :: :: ::: I said 'many of', not 'all'. ''Чехия'' (Bulgarian, Russian), ''Чехија'' (Macedonian), ''Τσεχία'' (Greek), ''Čehija'' (Latvian), ''Čekija'' (Lithuanian), ''Češka'' (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian), ''Csehország'' (Hungarian), ''Czechy'' (Polish) - all of them have both meanings. In colloquial, rather than formal usage, it is also often true for Czech and Slovakian ''Čechy''. Polish ''Bohemia'', which you refer to, is not a stylistically neutral variant, but rather a poetic one (and it is also the case for Russian ''Богемия''). It has been, apparently, used on pl: only for a need of disambiguating name. -- User:Naive cynic 18:41, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::You are absolutely right, in fact, Bohemia is a traditional name of the country (used until 1918) in English and IMHO should be used again. When Bohemia regained its independence in 1918, it was decided to rename it "Czechoslovakia" to show that it is a country of Czechs (Bohemia) and Slovaks (acquired territories in northern Hungary, now Slovakia). When Slovakia seceded, we should get back to Bohemia instead of creating another strange word after "Czechoslovakia", now "Czechia". (This renaming took place mostly in Romance and Germanic languages, where the traditional "Celtic" name derived from Boii tribe remained in use over centuries.) -- User:Qertis 19:55, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::: No, the term Česko for the geographical Czech territory exists at least since the middle ages, it was codified in 1777. The English equivalent exists since centuries as well. "Česko" was also used thrghout the existence of Czechoslovakia, although rarely (you can find it in texts referring to 1918, 1968 and for example in the book "Zeměpisná jména Československa" [Geographical names of Czechoslovakia] of 1982 written by experts on such things). The term Bohemia always referred only to western Czechia, while the rest was called Moravia and Silesia. If the term Bohemia was used for all Czech lands, it was an error stemming from the correct term "Lands of the Bohemian crown". In addition, it was the Czechs themselves who insisted on replacing the terms "Bohemian" (Böhmisch) with Czech in the 19th century (not in the 20th century). (Finally, you should not denote Slovakia as "acquired territory", because that's historically not correct...) User:Juro 22:00, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::::"Česko" is just a modern form of "Čechy" (I have seen some "Česko, Morava a Slezsko" phrases several times) like Rakousy-Rakousko, Španěly-Španělsko etc. and the factual difference between these two terms is only additional. Bohemia always referred to the realm ruled by the king of Bohemia, which means also present-day Moravia and Silesia, and not only Bohemia proper. Austria is not only Upper and Lower Austria (Austria proper), Poland is more than just Greater Poland and Bohemia is simply more than Bohemia proper. You are right that "Czechs" and "Bohemians" were distinguished earlier, but "Magyars" and "Hungarians" as well and there is no "Magyaria" on the English map of Europe. In short, there is no reason to fight for Czechia when you have such a nice and time-proven name. (As for Slovakia, it wasn't meant to be rude, there are just some historians promoting this point of view...) -- User:Qertis 01:43, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: What you are saying seems to be plausible, but it simply is not true. I have dealt specifically with this topic once. There is a difference between what people were using incorrectly (namely Bohemia as an abreviation for the "Lands of the Bohemian crown") and what the correct term was. (1) Moravia (and of course Silesia) always had a kind of separate administration and status (unlike Slovakia which lost its special status within Hungary in 1108) . If you take any old map you will see Lands of the Bohemian Crown subdivided into Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia (or Teschen, Opole etc.) etc.. Specifically, during Austria-Hungary (ie. before the creation of Czechoslovakia), Bohemia and Moravia were completely separated. - see e.g. [http://www.euratlas.com/time2.htm] from 1200 onwards (2) The term Česko was used as a general geographical term for the "Czech" (whatever that meant) territory (just like Slovensko for the territory inhabited by Slovaks, although there was no political unit) - the ending -sko has always had this general meaning. (3) Of course, linguistically, Česko is the modern form of Čechy, but it is "modern" since the Renaissance and acquired a special meaning soon (which is often the case with alternative names). However Česko was very rare (I know that), because on the one hand the adjective of Česko and Čechy is identical in Czech and on the other hand people simply always specified whether they mean Bohemia / Moravia / Silesia etc. in the past (4) As for "Magyaria", you are right, but the fact that the Magyars did not manage to persuade the world to use the name they desire (they changed Hungaria into "Land of Magyars" in the 1840s in the Hungarian language) is no argument. (5) Most importantly, I know no reputable Czech source (or at least encyclopaedia) that would support your interpretation of the definition of the term "Čechy" as referring to all Lands of the Bohemian crown. User:Juro 04:55, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: I don't know, whether there is any "correct" or "incorrect" name of the country, names are first of all "used" or "unused" and Bohemia is the name employed for describing the Czech state for centuries, while Czechia is a much younger invention. Moravia has been integral part of Bohemia since 11th century (with only short breaks) until today. There was constant pressure from the Empire and Habsburgs to weaken this unity (e.g. Moravian Margravate established by Barbarossa) and it was later somehow successful within ever more centralised Habsburg Empire, that's true. But today's Bohemia/Czechia is a unitary state and to me it is better to use the old, traditional, though a little bit ambiguous term rather than the new, ahistorical and for many people "weird" one. Ad (5) see [http://h-net.org/~habsweb/sourcetexts/masaryk2.htm]. -- User:Qertis 17:16, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: Of course there is a correct, i.e. used as official, name and other names. I can only repeat what I already said above. The example you are giving is a very very bad one - this was only a proposal of 1915 and has nothing to do with the state which then arose in reality, which was called Czechoslovakia as you know (and not "Bohemian state"). And as you can see, it also includes Slovakia as part of the "Bohemian state", which is a non-sense from any point of view. There were proposals for a Russian state, Slovak state, Polish state and Czecho-Slovakia etc. in this area at that time. So this is really a very bad example ...User:Juro 19:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::::: If "Bohemia" (and "Republic of Bohemia") was proclaimed as the new official name of the Czech Republic, than it would become the correct name as you defined it. Ihe example only shows that also such an educated and experienced politician as Masaryk used the name Bohemia for the whole independent state, even including future Slovakia, certainly without any intention of antagonizing Slovaks or Moravians. I don't know who is responsible for the invention of "Czechoslovakia" (as a name), it is obvious, however, that it came only after the proposals of independce (and that it causes headaches to this very day). -- User:Qertis 11:26, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::::(1)We can hardly argue using Ifs. . . (2) Actually, you should have learned in history that this (one-time) use of "Bohemian state" had specific political reasons at that time (that is before Czechoslovak troops helped the Entente in the war) - namely to show that Czechoslovakia will not be another Austria-Hungary, i. e. a country with ethnic problems. (3) Most importantly, however, it is good that you mention Masaryk, because this educated person also said on 31 May 1918 (i. e. 2-3 years later): "There will a free "Česko" (Czechia) and a free "Slovensko" (Slovakia)", which is a good example for the use of Czechia... User:Juro 23:49, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) :::: 1) 'Many of' what? My list comes from the top Wikipedian languages which uses an equivalent of 'Czechia' as a name for the Czechia's article. I wonder, where you take your sureness of the languages you write about because I discuss it with native people as most as I can and it is not easy at all. :::: 2) BTW: What is the problem, if an equivalent of 'Czechia' is ambiguous in some languages? 'England' or 'Great Britain' are also very ambiguous in many languages and nobody wants to rename it. ::::User:Miraceti 23:44, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) ::::: 1) Corrections are, of course, welcome. ::::: 2) It certainly isn't a problem for me. It was, however, perceived as a problem by Czech government, which was one of the two reasons why did they decide to adopt the name ''Czechia''. -- User:Naive cynic 13:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) I just thought of something... If a person from Slovakia was Slovakian, then if suddenly people started using Czechia, it could get confusing. Usually, people say a person from the Czech Republic is Czech. So then if Czechia was used, would the person from there be Czechian? Even though the term Slovak makes sense, there are other countries where it doesn't make sense. Or maybe I'm entirely wrong. A person from Slovakia is correcly called Slovak just like a person from Germany is a German and not a Germanian. There are however other countries were the -ian form is correct. There is complete chaos regarding these things in the English (and many other) languages. It is impossible to derive any rules whatsoever from this. User:Juro 00:14, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC) ==Proposal to move== I favor moving to the name Czechia. The unfamiliarity of some is not a reason to use an incorrect name. This is what redirects are for, right? The current second paragraph is painful to read. It seems disrespectful, as if we were saying, "The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993 announced that the name Czechia is to be used ..., but we don't care." The problem is not the phrasing, but the fact of it. User:Pekinensis 19:16, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC) :I second it. User:Miraceti 19:23, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) :: Me too, but this will probably entail an edit war ...User:Juro 22:28, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC) OK, we've had a concrete proposal from Pekinensis, seconded by Miraceti and Juro. I add my name to that. Since the proposal was made, three months have passed, and no-one has objected. To avoid a possible edit war I will do nothing for another couple of days, but if there is no objection posted here by the weekend, I will move this article to \"Czechia\". It is none of our business as non-Czechs to argue whether it is a good name or not, and therefore most of the above discussion is irrelevant. The issue is very simple: it is patronising to call any nation or group by a different name from the one they want. They want it, we do it, that's how respect for other cultures works. --User:Doric Loon 07:40, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) : Unfortunately, you will not be able to put this over. User:Juro 15:55, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::You mean it would be reverted? I won't do it if there is not a majority here. If there is, I hope the minority will respect that.--User:Doric Loon 09:10, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) :: The problem is that I do not know whether they are a majority, but there are just certain people here who always revert any change towards "Czechia", because "they" do not use it...Maybe you should just try to move the page, let's see what happens, but I am quite sure it will be reverted...User:Juro 19:06, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) The English name is Czech Republic, not Czechia. That's absolutely self-evident. Just search for the two terms in Google News. 6,620 to 12. User:NoPuzzleStranger 09:56, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) : The point is that the English name is both Czech Republic and Czechia, but people do not know that and hence are using Czech Republic only. Most of the 6000 occurencies are a result of a huge and quite obvious error [because there is no reason for not using Czechia - a form that is correct, desired, does not hurt anybody and is short], that the Wikipedia has been supporting here for years, because its policy is basically to use anything having a majority in Google, although Google is a very bad reference, usually propagating popular mistakes. User:Juro 15:55, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) ::Well, I'm a native English speaker and I use it, therefore it is AN English form.--User:Doric Loon 09:16, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) Hi, I have just moved the page. It will need a lot of work to change everything but let's see what will happen after the first step. User:Miraceti 11:24, 7 May 2005 (UTC) == Your Heading Here == In regards to some people considoring Czech and Czechoslavkian to be the same id like to bring up the issue of lineage. Is Czech Rep. or Slavakia the former Czechoslavkia that was created after WWI and as a result of the Great War. Its a East Germany meets West Germany situation because some would ask if it was East Germany that was formally Prussia and rouge or was it West Germany that was forced to sign the Treaty of Versaillies. Can Slovakia list its date of independence as 1918? Both countries cant have the heritage and history. Because Nazi Germany only annexed the Czech part of Czechoslavakia and left the remainder that means that Czechoslakia was still Czech and Slovak because half remained to carry on the link between present and past. Slavakia lost WW II but did it independently so perhaps Wikipedia should list them as having Czechoslakia as their precurcor alone. Vital component 4:22 am May 3rd ---- I'd just removed this remark: :(the remainder of a once larger minority) from demography. During and after WWII not only Bohemian Germans were expelled, but also most of Bohemian Jews and many Roma murdered in extermination camps, part of Hungarian population mostly of Slovakia was exchanged with Hungary and other things happened. I dont see other reason for that remark other than promoting German expellees agenda. User:Wikimol 22:12, 14 May 2004 (UTC) == Religions == Does anyone know a source for the religion statistics (Roman Catholic 27%, Protestant 1%, Czechoslovak Hussites 1%, atheists 59%, the remainder uncertain)? The CIA Factbook gives different numbers (Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%, atheist 39.8%), which sound more reasonable to me. --User:152.66.212.151 16:52, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC) : The 2001 census, see [http://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/basic_final_results_of_the_population_and_housing_census_2001]. Your numbers appear to come from the 1991 census (Czech only PDF: [http://www.czso.cz/sldb/sldb.nsf/i/D86E24A9E96E6C30C1256E630051315F/$File/SLDB1991-tab.3.pdf] ) though note that the 13% "other" is actually Not Identified, i. e. undeclared, and the Orthodox number seems still too high. 1991 was comparatively shortly after the fall of Communism and religion had a lot of sympathies so people declared for it it even without attending church regularly etc.; however, since then especially the Catholic church fell out of popular favour. The newer numbers are rather closer to the "true state" - we're a very atheist country. --User:Malyctenar 11:27, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)
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