Columbia is a census-designated place and new town located in Howard County, Maryland, Maryland. It began with the idea that a city could enhance its residents' quality of life. Creator and developer James W. Rouse saw the new community in terms of human values, not just in terms of economics and engineering. Opened in 1967, Columbia was designed to not only eliminate the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design, but also eliminate racial, religious, and income segregation. Today, Columbia has a population of about 90,000, and is largely built-out. By the early 2000s, the town had inexorably acquired many of the characteristics of other contemporary U.S. suburbs, such as increasingly large private homes standing somewhat aloof on large parcels, and "big-box" retail stores accessible mostly by automobile. However, Rouse's ethos remains a strong influence upon the physical and political development of Columbia. == History == The Rouse Company accumulated over 14,000 acres (57 km²), 10% of Howard County, Maryland (located between Baltimore, Maryland and Washington DC), from 140 separate owners. This acquisition was funded by CIGNA, at an average price of $1,500 per acre ($0.37/m²). In October 1963, the acquisition was revealed to the residents of Howard County, putting to rest rumors about the mysterious purchases. These had included the theory that the site was for a laboratory to study diseases and another that the site was intended to become a giant compost heap). At this unveiling, James Rouse described Columbia as a planned city which would avoid the leap-frog and spot development threatening the county. The new city would be complete with jobs, schools, shopping, and medical services, and a range of housing choices. The property taxes from commercial development would cover the additional services with which housing would burden the county. The urban planning process for Columbia included not only planners, but also a convening of a panel of nationally recognized experts in the social sciences, known as the Work Group. Meeting for two days, twice a month, for half a year, the Work Group suggested innovations that the planners should try in education, recreation, religion, and health care, as well as ways of improving social interactions. Open classrooms, the interfaith centers, and the then-novel idea of a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) with a group practice of doctors (the Columbia Medical Plan) sprang from these meetings. The physical plan, with neighborhood and village centers, also were decided upon at these meetings. Columbia's “New Town District” zoning ordinance gives the developer great flexibility about what to put where, without getting approval from the county for each specific project. == Master Plan == To achieve the goals set forth by the Work Group, Columbia's Master Plan called for a series of ten self-contained villages, around which day-to-day life would revolve. === Villages and Neighborhoods === The village concept is aimed to provide Columbia a small-town feel (like Easton, Maryland, where James Rouse grew up). Each village is comprised of several neighborhoods. The village center may contain middle and high schools. All have a shopping center, recreational facilities, a community center, a system of bike/walking paths, and homes. Four of the villages have interfaith centers, common worship facilities which are owned and jointly operated by a variety of religious congregations working together. Most of Columbia's neighborhoods contain single-family homes, townhomes, condominiums and apartments (though some are more exclusive than others). The original plan, following the neighborhood concept of Clarence Perry, would have had all the children of a neighborhood attend the same school, melding neighborhoods into a community and ensuring that all of Columbia's children get the same high-quality education. * Village - Neighborhoods (in rough order of opening) ** Wilde Lake, Columbia, Maryland - Bryant Woods, Faulkner Ridge, Running Brook, The Birches ** Harper's Choice, Columbia, Maryland - Longfellow, Swansfield, Hobbit's Glen ** Oakland Mills, Columbia, Maryland - Thunder Hill, Talbott Springs, Steven's Forest ** Long Reach, Columbia, Maryland - Phelps Luck, Jeffers Hill, Locust Park, Kendall Ridge ** Owen Brown, Columbia, Maryland - Dasher Green, Elkhorn, Hopewell ** Hickory Ridge, Columbia, Maryland - Clemens Crossing, Hawthorn, Clary's Forest, ** Dorsey's Search, Columbia, Maryland - Dorsey Hall, Fairway Hills ** King's Contrivance, Columbia, Maryland - Dickinson, Huntington, Macgill's Common ** River Hill, Columbia, Maryland - Pheasant Ridge, Pointers Run ** Town Center, Columbia, Maryland - Vantage Point, Banneker, Amesbury, Creighton's Run, and Warfield Triangle The last village, River Hill, is currently being developed and growing fast. With the completion of River Hill, Columbia's residential development will be finished. == Columbia Today == === Education === As of the 2004-05 school year, Howard County, Maryland has 37 elementary, 18 middle and 11 high schools [http://www.hcpss.org], Howard Community College and several graduate degree programs. There are also six public library branches [http://www.howa.lib.md.us/]. === Health === Medical care is available in the recently renovated Howard County General Hospital, affiliated with Baltimore's famous Johns Hopkins Hospital. The Columbia Medical Plan was the city's largest health maintenance organization (HMO). In more recent years, however, this plan has divided into separate medical groups that simply share the Twin Knolls buildings. === Shopping === The Columbia Mall is a large regional shopping mall with five anchor department stores (Nordstroms, Lord & Taylor, Sears, Hechts, and JCPenny) and over 200 stores and restaurants. The mall is a societal center for the community, and is located in the Town Center heart of Columbia. There are three other major shopping centers around the area (Snowden Square, Columbia Crossing, and Long Gate Shopping Center). The nine village centers provide residents with nearby shopping as well, often including grocery stores, restaurants, and pharmacies. === Work === James Rouse conceived of a city, not a suburban bedroom community, and Columbia is today an edge city in the terminology of Joel Garreau. There are 15 office, industrial and research parks in Columbia. Most are at the eastern and southern edges, but a number of office and residential high-rise buildings are located in Town Center. Although many residents commute to nearby Baltimore and Washington D.C., the business complexes in and around Columbia have grown drastically in recent years in responce to increased population in the town as well as expansion of the Washington/Baltimore corridor. Many residents work for the government and nearby Department of Defense facilities. === Play === Merriweather Post Pavilion, a well-known outdoor concert venue, attracts many prominent performers. Recreation has always been an important part of the Columbia concept. The homeowners association, the Columbia Association, popularly known as the "CA", builds, operates and maintains most of these facilities. CA operates a variety of recreational facilities, including twenty-three outdoor swimming pools, six indoor pools, two water slides, ice skating and roller skating rinks, an equestrian center, a sports park with miniature golf, a skateboard park, batting cages, picnic pavilions, clubhouse and playground, three gyms including the 24/7 Supreme Sports Club, numerous indoor and outdoor tennis, basketball, volleyball, squash (sport) and racquetball courts, and running tracks. There are three lakes surrounded by parkland for sailing, fishing, and boating; 80 miles of paths for jogging, strolling and bicycle; and 148 tot lots and playground. Nine large village community centers, 15 neighborhood centers and four senior centers provide space for a large variety of community activities. There are a variety of fairs and celebrations throughout the year, including entertainment on the lakefront of Lake Kittamaqundi during the summer. === Transportation === Columbia's initial plan called for a transit (transportation) connecting the village centers on a distinct right-of-way. This was never constructed, though minibuses were operated by the Columbia Association under the name ''ColumBus''. These were eventually taken over by Howard County. Eight Howard Transit bus routes now serve Columbia and connect it with its own "suburban" areas, while several Maryland Mass Transit Administration (MTA) routes provide access to and from both Washington and Baltimore. In addition, proximity to local Metro stations provides public transportation to Washington D.C., and easy access to Interstate 95 puts both cities within easy reach. == Geography == Columbia is located at 39°12'12" North, 76°51'25" West (39.203573, -76.857034). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 71.6 square kilometre (27.7 square mile). 71.4 km² (27.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.36% water. == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there are 88,254 people, 34,199 households, and 23,118 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 1,236.4/km² (3,202.0/mi²). There are 35,281 housing units at an average density of 494.3/km² (1,280.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 66.52% White (U.S. Census), 21.47% African American (U.S. Census) or Race (U.S. Census), 0.26% Native American (U.S. Census), 7.30% Asian (U.S. Census), 0.05% Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), 1.63% from Race (U.S. Census), and 2.76% from two or more races. 4.12% of the population are Hispanic American or Latino (U.S. Census) of any race. There are 34,199 households out of which 35.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% are Marriage living together, 11.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% are non-families. 25.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.54 and the average family size is 3.09. In the CDP the population is spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $71,524, and the median income for a family is $83,753. Males have a median income of $60,498 versus $41,501 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $32,833. 5.4% of the population and 3.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 5.7% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. == Sister cities == Columbia is a sister city to the planned cities of Cergy-Pontoise, France and Tres Cantos, Spain. == Famous Columbians == * Michael Chabon * Michelle Kellerman - National Public Radio * Aaron McGruder * Edward Norton * James W. Rouse * Linda Tripp == External links == * [http://www.columbiaassociation.org Columbia Association, Inc.] * [http://www.columbiavillages.org Columbia Village Associations] * [http://www.columbia-md.com/ The Rouse Company] * [http://www.columbiamaryland.com Columbia, Maryland] *[http://www.themallincolumbia.com/ The Mall In Columbia] Unincorporated communities in Maryland Columbia, Maryland Howard County, Maryland Planned cities New towns Cities in Maryland Census-designated places in Maryland
In the opening paragraph it says "town" but in later paragraphs it says "city". Columbia has a "town center" but technically it is a city. Comments. In the eyes of the Howard County and State of Maryland governments, I believe Columbia is technically a town, not a city, despite the fact that it has near 100,000 inhabitants. Columbia is not its own municipality, nor does it govern itself (though the Columbia Association itself has its own governing body). -user:bmortimer I'm not sure that I agree with User:Amitparikh's recent changes. Here are my thoughts. *Does it matter that the hospital was recently renovated? Will it have been "recently renovated" for a person reading ten years from now? Perhaps a date of renovation would be more useful. *Ditto for listing the anchor stores in the mall - those are not the same stores that anchored the mall when I grew up in Columbia, so there's a history of change (as at all malls). *Style nitpicks: I think "dramatically" might be preferable to "drastically," which has a negative connotation. When I was a kid we always called it "CA" and 'not' "the CA." What's up with calling the Supreme Sports club "24/7" - does that matter? *What source said that many Columbia residents work for the government and nearby DOD facilities? Plenty of people around DC work for those entities, but I haven't heard any specific citation of percentage so I don't think this is appropriate to say. *Columbia is nowhere near a metro station. Public transportation to DC requires a car to get you to the metro, or a series of bus rides. :-User:Etoile 15:19, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
The main article for this category is Columbia, Maryland Cities in Maryland Howard County, Maryland
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Columbia, Maryland
Columbia is a census-designated place and new town located in Howard County, Maryland, Maryland. It began with the idea that a city could enhance its residents' quality of life. Creator and developer James W. Rouse saw the new community in terms of human values, not just in terms of economics and engineering. Opened in 1967, Columbia was designed to not only eliminate the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design, but also eliminate racial, religious, and income segregation. Today, Columbia has a population of about 90,000, and is largely built-out. By the early 2000s, the town had inexorably acquired many of the characteristics of other contemporary U.S. suburbs, such as increasingly large private homes standing somewhat aloof on large parcels, and "big-box" retail stores accessible mostly by automobile. However, Rouse's ethos remains a strong influence upon the physical and political development of Columbia. == History == The Rouse Company accumulated over 14,000 acres (57 km²), 10% of Howard County, Maryland (located between Baltimore, Maryland and Washington DC), from 140 separate owners. This acquisition was funded by CIGNA, at an average price of $1,500 per acre ($0.37/m²). In October 1963, the acquisition was revealed to the residents of Howard County, putting to rest rumors about the mysterious purchases. These had included the theory that the site was for a laboratory to study diseases and another that the site was intended to become a giant compost heap). At this unveiling, James Rouse described Columbia as a planned city which would avoid the leap-frog and spot development threatening the county. The new city would be complete with jobs, schools, shopping, and medical services, and a range of housing choices. The property taxes from commercial development would cover the additional services with which housing would burden the county. The urban planning process for Columbia included not only planners, but also a convening of a panel of nationally recognized experts in the social sciences, known as the Work Group. Meeting for two days, twice a month, for half a year, the Work Group suggested innovations that the planners should try in education, recreation, religion, and health care, as well as ways of improving social interactions. Open classrooms, the interfaith centers, and the then-novel idea of a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) with a group practice of doctors (the Columbia Medical Plan) sprang from these meetings. The physical plan, with neighborhood and village centers, also were decided upon at these meetings. Columbia's “New Town District” zoning ordinance gives the developer great flexibility about what to put where, without getting approval from the county for each specific project. == Master Plan == To achieve the goals set forth by the Work Group, Columbia's Master Plan called for a series of ten self-contained villages, around which day-to-day life would revolve. === Villages and Neighborhoods === The village concept is aimed to provide Columbia a small-town feel (like Easton, Maryland, where James Rouse grew up). Each village is comprised of several neighborhoods. The village center may contain middle and high schools. All have a shopping center, recreational facilities, a community center, a system of bike/walking paths, and homes. Four of the villages have interfaith centers, common worship facilities which are owned and jointly operated by a variety of religious congregations working together. Most of Columbia's neighborhoods contain single-family homes, townhomes, condominiums and apartments (though some are more exclusive than others). The original plan, following the neighborhood concept of Clarence Perry, would have had all the children of a neighborhood attend the same school, melding neighborhoods into a community and ensuring that all of Columbia's children get the same high-quality education. * Village - Neighborhoods (in rough order of opening) ** Wilde Lake, Columbia, Maryland - Bryant Woods, Faulkner Ridge, Running Brook, The Birches ** Harper's Choice, Columbia, Maryland - Longfellow, Swansfield, Hobbit's Glen ** Oakland Mills, Columbia, Maryland - Thunder Hill, Talbott Springs, Steven's Forest ** Long Reach, Columbia, Maryland - Phelps Luck, Jeffers Hill, Locust Park, Kendall Ridge ** Owen Brown, Columbia, Maryland - Dasher Green, Elkhorn, Hopewell ** Hickory Ridge, Columbia, Maryland - Clemens Crossing, Hawthorn, Clary's Forest, ** Dorsey's Search, Columbia, Maryland - Dorsey Hall, Fairway Hills ** King's Contrivance, Columbia, Maryland - Dickinson, Huntington, Macgill's Common ** River Hill, Columbia, Maryland - Pheasant Ridge, Pointers Run ** Town Center, Columbia, Maryland - Vantage Point, Banneker, Amesbury, Creighton's Run, and Warfield Triangle The last village, River Hill, is currently being developed and growing fast. With the completion of River Hill, Columbia's residential development will be finished. == Columbia Today == === Education === As of the 2004-05 school year, Howard County, Maryland has 37 elementary, 18 middle and 11 high schools [http://www.hcpss.org], Howard Community College and several graduate degree programs. There are also six public library branches [http://www.howa.lib.md.us/]. === Health === Medical care is available in the recently renovated Howard County General Hospital, affiliated with Baltimore's famous Johns Hopkins Hospital. The Columbia Medical Plan was the city's largest health maintenance organization (HMO). In more recent years, however, this plan has divided into separate medical groups that simply share the Twin Knolls buildings. === Shopping === The Columbia Mall is a large regional shopping mall with five anchor department stores (Nordstroms, Lord & Taylor, Sears, Hechts, and JCPenny) and over 200 stores and restaurants. The mall is a societal center for the community, and is located in the Town Center heart of Columbia. There are three other major shopping centers around the area (Snowden Square, Columbia Crossing, and Long Gate Shopping Center). The nine village centers provide residents with nearby shopping as well, often including grocery stores, restaurants, and pharmacies. === Work === James Rouse conceived of a city, not a suburban bedroom community, and Columbia is today an edge city in the terminology of Joel Garreau. There are 15 office, industrial and research parks in Columbia. Most are at the eastern and southern edges, but a number of office and residential high-rise buildings are located in Town Center. Although many residents commute to nearby Baltimore and Washington D.C., the business complexes in and around Columbia have grown drastically in recent years in responce to increased population in the town as well as expansion of the Washington/Baltimore corridor. Many residents work for the government and nearby Department of Defense facilities. === Play === Merriweather Post Pavilion, a well-known outdoor concert venue, attracts many prominent performers. Recreation has always been an important part of the Columbia concept. The homeowners association, the Columbia Association, popularly known as the "CA", builds, operates and maintains most of these facilities. CA operates a variety of recreational facilities, including twenty-three outdoor swimming pools, six indoor pools, two water slides, ice skating and roller skating rinks, an equestrian center, a sports park with miniature golf, a skateboard park, batting cages, picnic pavilions, clubhouse and playground, three gyms including the 24/7 Supreme Sports Club, numerous indoor and outdoor tennis, basketball, volleyball, squash (sport) and racquetball courts, and running tracks. There are three lakes surrounded by parkland for sailing, fishing, and boating; 80 miles of paths for jogging, strolling and bicycle; and 148 tot lots and playground. Nine large village community centers, 15 neighborhood centers and four senior centers provide space for a large variety of community activities. There are a variety of fairs and celebrations throughout the year, including entertainment on the lakefront of Lake Kittamaqundi during the summer. === Transportation === Columbia's initial plan called for a transit (transportation) connecting the village centers on a distinct right-of-way. This was never constructed, though minibuses were operated by the Columbia Association under the name ''ColumBus''. These were eventually taken over by Howard County. Eight Howard Transit bus routes now serve Columbia and connect it with its own "suburban" areas, while several Maryland Mass Transit Administration (MTA) routes provide access to and from both Washington and Baltimore. In addition, proximity to local Metro stations provides public transportation to Washington D.C., and easy access to Interstate 95 puts both cities within easy reach. == Geography == Columbia is located at 39°12'12" North, 76°51'25" West (39.203573, -76.857034). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 71.6 square kilometre (27.7 square mile). 71.4 km² (27.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.36% water. == Demographics == As of the census of 2000, there are 88,254 people, 34,199 households, and 23,118 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 1,236.4/km² (3,202.0/mi²). There are 35,281 housing units at an average density of 494.3/km² (1,280.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP is 66.52% White (U.S. Census), 21.47% African American (U.S. Census) or Race (U.S. Census), 0.26% Native American (U.S. Census), 7.30% Asian (U.S. Census), 0.05% Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), 1.63% from Race (U.S. Census), and 2.76% from two or more races. 4.12% of the population are Hispanic American or Latino (U.S. Census) of any race. There are 34,199 households out of which 35.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% are Marriage living together, 11.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% are non-families. 25.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.54 and the average family size is 3.09. In the CDP the population is spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $71,524, and the median income for a family is $83,753. Males have a median income of $60,498 versus $41,501 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $32,833. 5.4% of the population and 3.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 5.7% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. == Sister cities == Columbia is a sister city to the planned cities of Cergy-Pontoise, France and Tres Cantos, Spain. == Famous Columbians == * Michael Chabon * Michelle Kellerman - National Public Radio * Aaron McGruder * Edward Norton * James W. Rouse * Linda Tripp == External links == * [http://www.columbiaassociation.org Columbia Association, Inc.] * [http://www.columbiavillages.org Columbia Village Associations] * [http://www.columbia-md.com/ The Rouse Company] * [http://www.columbiamaryland.com Columbia, Maryland] *[http://www.themallincolumbia.com/ The Mall In Columbia] Unincorporated communities in Maryland Columbia, Maryland Howard County, Maryland Planned cities New towns Cities in Maryland Census-designated places in Maryland
Columbia, Maryland
In the opening paragraph it says "town" but in later paragraphs it says "city". Columbia has a "town center" but technically it is a city. Comments. In the eyes of the Howard County and State of Maryland governments, I believe Columbia is technically a town, not a city, despite the fact that it has near 100,000 inhabitants. Columbia is not its own municipality, nor does it govern itself (though the Columbia Association itself has its own governing body). -user:bmortimer I'm not sure that I agree with User:Amitparikh's recent changes. Here are my thoughts. *Does it matter that the hospital was recently renovated? Will it have been "recently renovated" for a person reading ten years from now? Perhaps a date of renovation would be more useful. *Ditto for listing the anchor stores in the mall - those are not the same stores that anchored the mall when I grew up in Columbia, so there's a history of change (as at all malls). *Style nitpicks: I think "dramatically" might be preferable to "drastically," which has a negative connotation. When I was a kid we always called it "CA" and 'not' "the CA." What's up with calling the Supreme Sports club "24/7" - does that matter? *What source said that many Columbia residents work for the government and nearby DOD facilities? Plenty of people around DC work for those entities, but I haven't heard any specific citation of percentage so I don't think this is appropriate to say. *Columbia is nowhere near a metro station. Public transportation to DC requires a car to get you to the metro, or a series of bus rides. :-User:Etoile 15:19, 18 May 2005 (UTC)
Columbia, Maryland
The main article for this category is Columbia, Maryland Cities in Maryland Howard County, Maryland
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Columbia,_Maryland
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