
Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state), and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. It is largely coterminous with nationality, although it is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen (i.e. be legally subject to a state and entitled to its protection without having rights of political participation in it); it is also possible to have political rights without being a national of a state - for example a citizen of a Commonwealth of Nations country resident in the United Kingdom is entitled to full political rights. See nationality for further discussion of the properties of national citizenship and how it can be acquired. ''Citizenship'' also often implies working towards the betterment of the community one lives in through participation, volunteer work and efforts to improve life for all citizens. In this vein, some schools in England and Wales give citizenship lessons – a slight variation of Personal and Social Education. ==Subnational citizenship== Citizenship most usually relates to membership of the nation state, but the term can also apply at subnational level. Subnational entities may impose requirements, of residency or otherwise, which permit citizens to participate in the political life of that entity, or to enjoy benefits provided by the government of that entity. In such cases, those eligible are also sometimes seen as "citizens" of the relevant state, province or region. ==Supranational citizenship== In recent years, some intergovernmental organisations have extended the concept and terminology associated with citizenship to international level; where it is applied to the totality of the citizens of their constituent countries combined. Two examples are given below. As of 2005, citizenship at this level is a secondary concept, with a weaker status than national citizenship. ===European Union (EU) citizenship=== The Maastricht Treaty introduced the concept of citizenship of the European Union. This citizenship flows from national citizenship — one holds the nationality of an Member states of the EU and as a result becomes a "citizen of the Union" in addition. EU citizenship offers certain rights and privileges within the EU; in many areas EU citizens have the same or similar rights as native citizens in member states. Such rights granted to EU citizens include: *the right of abode *the right to vote and the right to stand in local and European elections *the right to apply to work in any position (including national civil services with the exception of sensitive positions such as defence). EU member states also use a common passport design, burgundy coloured with the name of the member state, national seal and the title "European Union" (or its translation). Union citizenship continues to gain in status and the European Court of Justice has stated that Union citizenship will be the "fundamental status of nationals of Member States" (see Case C-184/99 Rudy Grzelczyk v Centre Public d'Aide Sociale d'Ottignes-Louvain-la-Neuve, [2001] ECR I-6193, para 31). The European Commission has affirmed that Union citizenship should be the fundamental status of EU nationals. ===Commonwealth citizenship=== The concept of "Commonwealth Citizenship" has been in place ever since the establishment of the Commonwealth of Nations. As with the EU, one holds Commonwealth citizenship only by being a citizen of a Commonwealth member state. This form of citizenship offers certain privileges within some Commonwealth countries: *Some such countries do not require tourist visa (document) of citizens of other Commonwealth countries. *In some Commonwealth countries permanent resident citizens of other Commonwealth countries are entitled to political rights, e.g., the right to vote in local and national elections and in some cases even the right to stand for election. *In some instances the right to work in any position (including the civil service) is granted, except for certain specific positions (e.g. defence, Governor-General or President, Prime Minister). Whilst Commonwealth citizenship is sometimes enshrined in the written constitutions (where applicable) of Commonwealth states and is considered by some to be a form of dual citizenship, there have never been, nor are there any plans for a common passport. ==Honorary citizenship== Some countries extend "honorary citizenship" to those whom they consider to be especially admirable or worthy of the distinction. By Act of Congress and presidential assent, Honorary Citizen of the United States has been awarded to: *British statesman Winston Churchill (1963) *Swedish humanitarian and diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1981) *Pennsylvania founder William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn (1984) *Macedonian-born Catholic nun and humanitarian Mother Teresa (1996) *French nobleman and American Revolutionary War ally, the Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette (2002) A bill was introduced in Congress to grant such status to the Russian nuclear physicist and prisoner of conscience Dr. Andrei Sakharov in 2002 but it was not made law. ==See also== *British citizenship *Canadian nationality law *Citizenship education *Indian nationality law *Foreign-born Japanese *Jus sanguinis *Jus soli *Multiple citizenship *Permanent residency *United States citizenship ==External links== *[http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000c.htm#c1 EU Glossary: Citizenship of the Union] *[http://www.ericdigests.org/2000-1/democracy.html The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy] *[http://www.dreptonline.ro/resurse/cetatenie.php The Law in Romania: The Romanian Citizenship ] Human migration Nationalism Government simple:Citizenship
EU citizenship (a) exists and (b) is solely additional to nationality/citizenship of an EU member state. Here is the current provision[http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/treaties/dat/C_2002325EN.003301.html]: :''Article 17.1'' :''Citizenship of the Union is hereby established. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall complement and not replace national citizenship.'' And here is the proposal by the Convention on the Future of Europe[http://european-convention.eu.int/docs/Treaty/cv00850.en03.pdf]: :''Article 8.1'' :''Every national of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall be additional to national citizenship; it shall not replace it.'' --User:Henrygb 12:06, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC) == other citizenship entries == Some subtopics (such as Citizenship (Canada)) have their own entries. Should they be linked back to this entry? -[User: Finn-Zoltan|FZ]] :I think that would be a great idea. And this entry can link to them/ --User:Spinboy 19:41, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Sakharov citizenship status == Sakharov was never made an Honorary US Citizen: http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:HJ00089:@@@X ::User:Alex756 User talk:Alex756 19:59, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC) == EU Passport Common Design == This article states that "The EU member states use a common passport design, burgundy coloured with the name of the member state, national seal and the title "European Union" or equivalent.". That is completely incorrect. Finnish passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/Finland2.htm blue], German passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/GermanyEC.htm red], Danish passports are also [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/danmark.html red], Lithuanian passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/Lithuania.htm green], Czech passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/CzechRepublic2.htm pink]. What is the source of the previous statement, because it should be rewritten. User:PZFUN 10:52, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC) :Perhaps you are looking at old passports and not the current designs? --User:Spinboy 21:08, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC) :Current german passports are burgandy. [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/GermanyEU.htm] --User:Spinboy 21:09, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Citizenship:
Citizenship
Citizenship
Citizenship,_Action,_Participation_for_the_XXIst_Century
Citizenship_(Canada)
Citizenship_and_Immigration_Canada
Citizenship_of_the_European_Union
Citizenship
Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state), and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. It is largely coterminous with nationality, although it is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen (i.e. be legally subject to a state and entitled to its protection without having rights of political participation in it); it is also possible to have political rights without being a national of a state - for example a citizen of a Commonwealth of Nations country resident in the United Kingdom is entitled to full political rights. See nationality for further discussion of the properties of national citizenship and how it can be acquired. ''Citizenship'' also often implies working towards the betterment of the community one lives in through participation, volunteer work and efforts to improve life for all citizens. In this vein, some schools in England and Wales give citizenship lessons – a slight variation of Personal and Social Education. ==Subnational citizenship== Citizenship most usually relates to membership of the nation state, but the term can also apply at subnational level. Subnational entities may impose requirements, of residency or otherwise, which permit citizens to participate in the political life of that entity, or to enjoy benefits provided by the government of that entity. In such cases, those eligible are also sometimes seen as "citizens" of the relevant state, province or region. ==Supranational citizenship== In recent years, some intergovernmental organisations have extended the concept and terminology associated with citizenship to international level; where it is applied to the totality of the citizens of their constituent countries combined. Two examples are given below. As of 2005, citizenship at this level is a secondary concept, with a weaker status than national citizenship. ===European Union (EU) citizenship=== The Maastricht Treaty introduced the concept of citizenship of the European Union. This citizenship flows from national citizenship — one holds the nationality of an Member states of the EU and as a result becomes a "citizen of the Union" in addition. EU citizenship offers certain rights and privileges within the EU; in many areas EU citizens have the same or similar rights as native citizens in member states. Such rights granted to EU citizens include: *the right of abode *the right to vote and the right to stand in local and European elections *the right to apply to work in any position (including national civil services with the exception of sensitive positions such as defence). EU member states also use a common passport design, burgundy coloured with the name of the member state, national seal and the title "European Union" (or its translation). Union citizenship continues to gain in status and the European Court of Justice has stated that Union citizenship will be the "fundamental status of nationals of Member States" (see Case C-184/99 Rudy Grzelczyk v Centre Public d'Aide Sociale d'Ottignes-Louvain-la-Neuve, [2001] ECR I-6193, para 31). The European Commission has affirmed that Union citizenship should be the fundamental status of EU nationals. ===Commonwealth citizenship=== The concept of "Commonwealth Citizenship" has been in place ever since the establishment of the Commonwealth of Nations. As with the EU, one holds Commonwealth citizenship only by being a citizen of a Commonwealth member state. This form of citizenship offers certain privileges within some Commonwealth countries: *Some such countries do not require tourist visa (document) of citizens of other Commonwealth countries. *In some Commonwealth countries permanent resident citizens of other Commonwealth countries are entitled to political rights, e.g., the right to vote in local and national elections and in some cases even the right to stand for election. *In some instances the right to work in any position (including the civil service) is granted, except for certain specific positions (e.g. defence, Governor-General or President, Prime Minister). Whilst Commonwealth citizenship is sometimes enshrined in the written constitutions (where applicable) of Commonwealth states and is considered by some to be a form of dual citizenship, there have never been, nor are there any plans for a common passport. ==Honorary citizenship== Some countries extend "honorary citizenship" to those whom they consider to be especially admirable or worthy of the distinction. By Act of Congress and presidential assent, Honorary Citizen of the United States has been awarded to: *British statesman Winston Churchill (1963) *Swedish humanitarian and diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1981) *Pennsylvania founder William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn (1984) *Macedonian-born Catholic nun and humanitarian Mother Teresa (1996) *French nobleman and American Revolutionary War ally, the Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette (2002) A bill was introduced in Congress to grant such status to the Russian nuclear physicist and prisoner of conscience Dr. Andrei Sakharov in 2002 but it was not made law. ==See also== *British citizenship *Canadian nationality law *Citizenship education *Indian nationality law *Foreign-born Japanese *Jus sanguinis *Jus soli *Multiple citizenship *Permanent residency *United States citizenship ==External links== *[http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/cig/g4000c.htm#c1 EU Glossary: Citizenship of the Union] *[http://www.ericdigests.org/2000-1/democracy.html The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy] *[http://www.dreptonline.ro/resurse/cetatenie.php The Law in Romania: The Romanian Citizenship ] Human migration Nationalism Government simple:Citizenship
Citizenship
EU citizenship (a) exists and (b) is solely additional to nationality/citizenship of an EU member state. Here is the current provision[http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/treaties/dat/C_2002325EN.003301.html]: :''Article 17.1'' :''Citizenship of the Union is hereby established. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall complement and not replace national citizenship.'' And here is the proposal by the Convention on the Future of Europe[http://european-convention.eu.int/docs/Treaty/cv00850.en03.pdf]: :''Article 8.1'' :''Every national of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall be additional to national citizenship; it shall not replace it.'' --User:Henrygb 12:06, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC) == other citizenship entries == Some subtopics (such as Citizenship (Canada)) have their own entries. Should they be linked back to this entry? -[User: Finn-Zoltan|FZ]] :I think that would be a great idea. And this entry can link to them/ --User:Spinboy 19:41, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Sakharov citizenship status == Sakharov was never made an Honorary US Citizen: http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:HJ00089:@@@X ::User:Alex756 User talk:Alex756 19:59, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC) == EU Passport Common Design == This article states that "The EU member states use a common passport design, burgundy coloured with the name of the member state, national seal and the title "European Union" or equivalent.". That is completely incorrect. Finnish passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/Finland2.htm blue], German passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/GermanyEC.htm red], Danish passports are also [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/danmark.html red], Lithuanian passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/Lithuania.htm green], Czech passports are [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/CzechRepublic2.htm pink]. What is the source of the previous statement, because it should be rewritten. User:PZFUN 10:52, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC) :Perhaps you are looking at old passports and not the current designs? --User:Spinboy 21:08, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC) :Current german passports are burgandy. [http://passports.national-anthems.net/passports/europe/pages/GermanyEU.htm] --User:Spinboy 21:09, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
C
CA | CB | CD | CE | CF | CG | CH | CI | CJ | CK | CL | CM | CN | CO | CP | CR | CS | CT | CU | CW | CX | CY | CZ |Words begining with Citizenship:
Citizenship
Citizenship
Citizenship,_Action,_Participation_for_the_XXIst_Century
Citizenship_(Canada)
Citizenship_and_Immigration_Canada
Citizenship_of_the_European_Union
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