
The '''Children's Crusade''' is the name given a variety of fictional and factual events in 1212 AD that combine some or all of these elements: visions by a boy, children marching to south Italy, an attempt to free the Holy Land, children being sold into slavery. Several conflicting accounts exist, and the facts of the situation continue to be a subject of debate among historians. ==The long-standing view== The long-standing view of the Children's Crusade is some version of events with similar themes. A boy began preaching in either France or Germany claiming that he had been visited by Jesus and told to lead the next Crusade. Through a series of supposed portents and miracle he gained a considerable following, including possibly as many as 20,000 children. He led his followers southwards towards the Mediterranean, where it is said he believed that the sea would part when he arrived, so that he and his followers could march to Jerusalem, but this did not happen. Two merchants gave passage on seven boats to as many of the children as would fit. The children were either taken to Tunisia and sold into slavery, or died in a shipwreck. In some accounts they never reached the sea before dying or giving up from starvation and exhaustion. Scholarship has shown this long standing view to be more legend than fact. ==Modern research== According to more recent research there seems to have been two movements of people in 1212 in France and Germany. The similarities of the two allowed later chroniclers to lump them together as a single tale. In the first movement Nicholas, a German shepherd, led a group across the Alps and into Italy in the early spring of 1212. About 7,000 arrived in Genoa in late August. However, their plans didn't bear fruit when the waters did not part as promised and the band broke up. Some left for home, others may have gone to Rome, while still others may have traveled down the Rhone to Marseilles where they were probably sold into slavery. Few returned home and none reached the Holy Land. The second movement was led by a "shepherd boy" named Stephen de Cloyes near the village of Châteaudun who claimed in June that he bore a letter for the king of France from Jesus. Attracting a crowd of over 30,000 he went to Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis where he was seen to work miracles. On the orders of Philip II of France, on the advice of the University of Paris, the crowd was sent home, and most of them went. None of the contemporary sources mentions plans of the crowd to go to Jerusalem. Later chroniclers embellished these events. Recent research suggests the participants were not children, at least not the very young. In the early 1200s, bands of wandering poor started cropping up throughout Europe. These were people displaced by economics changes at the time which forced many poor peasant in northern France and Germany to sell their land. These bands were referred to as ''pueri'' (Latin for "children") in a condescending manner, in much the same way that people from rural areas in the United States are called "country boys." In 1212, a young French ''puer'' named Stephen and a German ''puer'' named Nicholas separately began claiming that they had each had similar visions of Jesus. This resulted in these bands of roving poor being united into a religious protest movement which transformed (in their minds) this forced wandering into a religious journey. The ''pueri'' marched, following the Christian cross and associating themselves with Jesus's biblical journey. This, however, was not a prelude to a holy war. Thirty years later, chroniclers read the accounts of these processions and translated ''pueri'' as "children" without understanding the usage. So, the Children's Crusade was born. The resulting story illustrates how ingrained the concept of Crusading was in the people of that time— the chroniclers assumed that the pueri must have been Crusaders, in their innocence returning to the foundations of crusading characteristic of Peter the Hermit, and meeting the same sort of tragic fate. According to Matthew Paris, one of the leaders of the Children's Crusade became "Le Maître de Hongrie," the leader of the Shepherds' Crusade in 1251. ==In art== * Crusade in Jeans is a fictional account of the children's crusade, as seen through the eyes of a young time traveller. ==Notes== Raedts, 1977 Russell, 1989 ==References== * Frederick Russell, "Children's Crusade", ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', 1989, ISBN 0684170248 * Peter Raedts, "The Children's Crusade of 1212", ''Journal of Medieval History'', 3 (1977), summary of the sources, issues and literature. * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1212pueri.html ''Chronica Regiae Coloniensis''], a (supposedly) contemporary source. From the Internet Medieval Sourcebook. * [http://www.straightdope.com/columns/040409.html The Children's Crusade: Fact or fable?], from The Straight Dope. ---- '''''The Children's Crusade'' is the sub-title of Slaughterhouse-Five, a book by Kurt Vonnegut. ---- ''Children's Crusade''''' is also the title of a song on the 1985 album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'', by the British musician Sting (musician). The song uses the cultural reference of a "lost generation" in the contexts of World War I and modern-day heroin abuse. Crusades
Just to let anyone of intrest know... the books about the Children's Crusades are labeled Juvenille Fiction on Amazon, which should tell ya something. ---- The opening sentence of this article calls the Children's Crusade a tale. Does that mean it is a folktale? Or did the Children's Crusade really occur? If it really occurred, then ''tale'' should be replaced with another word or term, such as ''event'' or ''historic event''. User:Kingturtle 16:30, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC) :Unfortunately it's not really clear. Specific things (like names of Stephen and Nicholas, or that Stephen was visited by Christ, or that they were all sold into slavery, etc) are probably not true, but a group of children may have tried to go on a crusade, maybe after making a pilgrimage to Rome or something. No one really knows... User:Adam Bishop 16:43, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC) ---- Okay, here's the results of my research. It anyone has anything to contradict this, I'd like to hear it. My info is from Karen Armstrong's "Holy War: The Crusades and their Impact on Today's World", pp. 398-399. The "Children's Crusade" originated as a misreading of a history in the 13th century. In the early 1200's, bands of wandering poor started cropping up throughout Europe. These were folks displaced by economic changes at the time which forced many poor peasants in northern France and Germany to sell off their land. These bands were referred to as ''pueri'' (the children) in a condescending manner, in the same spirit as a white person in the 1950's American south might refer to a black man as "boy". In 1212, a young French ''puer'' named Stephen and a German named Nicholas had similar visions of Christ, which resulted in these bands being united into a religious protest movement which transformed (in their minds) this forced wandering into a religious journey. The ''pueri'' marched, following the Cross and associating themselves with Christ, who had wandered in his time. This, however, was not a prelude to a holy war. At the end of the summer of 1212, the ''pueri'' peacefully disbanded and disappeared from history. Thirty years later, chroniclers read the accounts of these processions and translated ''pueri'' as "children" without understanding the usage. So, the childrens' crusade war born. If nothing else, the resulting story illustrates how ingrained the concept of Crusading was in the people of this time -- they assumed that these folks *must* have been Crusaders, in their innocence returning to the old-school days of Peter the Hermit and meeting the same sort of tragic fate. Anyhow, the Children's Crusade seems to be a fiction of history. Can anyone show otherwise, or should I edit the article? :I believe the source you are quoting is incorrect. Sources dating from the year after the Children's Crusade refer to it as fact, and make it clear that they are talking about actual children. Below is one reference for this: :http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1212pueri.html :I would say you should leave the article as it is, though you could quote that author's opinion in a new section. I don't think her arguments will hold much water though. Just my 2 cents, User:Jwrosenzweig 21:21, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::To clarify, that source I linked to does not say that the children got anywhere on their crusade -- we simply don't know the result. It does, however, attest to the fact that they were real children, and that they apparently presented themselves as a crusade to others, which I thought was the point you were driving at. Figured I should clarify, User:Jwrosenzweig 21:26, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::It is not at all clear what happened. Try this page[http://www.historyhouse.com/in_history/childrens_crusade/] User:Rmhermen 21:30, Mar 16, 2004 (UTC) ::The source material for Armstrong's assertation is Peter Raedt's article "The Children's Crusade of 1212" (Paris, 1982). Assuming it's not completely off-base, the facts seem to indicate that this wasn't a "crusade" at all. The only historical connection seems to be from a song they sang while marching, "Lord God, raise up the Christian people and give us back the True Cross"... User:Skyshadow 21:36, Mar 16, 2004 (UTC) ==Matthew Paris== In Matthew Paris's ''Chronica Maiora'' (book V, page 248 in the Latin version I was looking at), he is talking about the Shepherds' Crusade of 1251, and mentions that the leader was also a leader of the Children's Crusade. (Matthew was alive (though very young) when the Children's Crusade was supposed to have happened.) I'm not saying this proves anything one way or the other, but it hasn't been mentioned yet (on this page) so I thought I would bring it up. It seems that a contemporary understood something happened, but on the other hand, the way the leader of the Shepherds is portrayed, he wouldn't have been a child during the Children's Crusade. Very strange. User:Adam Bishop 20:08, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Separate sections for the 3 views == I was led to this article from [http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=132750&cid=11083555&threshold=3&mode=nested&commentsort=0 this thread in /.], where people were commenting about the article dealing with 3 views and I know nothing about the topic of this article. But [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Crusade&oldid=9769023 the version I read] seemed confusing about what the 3 views were and needed a little reorganisation. Based on [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Crusade&oldid=9756141 the previous version] and the /. comments I made a separate section for what I think are the 3 views. I'm not sure whether my [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Crusade&diff=9769683&oldid=9769023 reoganisation of paragraphs & the section-titles I gave] are appropriate. If you know something about this topic, please clean up the article. Thanks. -- User:Paddu 18:44, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC) :User:Stbalbach's edits seem to suggest that the 2nd view is also from recent research, apart from the 3rd view. If that is true, the 2nd section must probably be merged into the 3rd. First of all, are there 2 or 3 views? Which of these rae backed by modern/recent research? -- User:Paddu 20:46, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Modern Research == :''Most historians speculate that the entire crusade is fiction, as there is no real evidence that any such event occurred, in the 13th century or in any other century. Research carried out in the early 1980s indicates that the Children's Crusade began as a misinterpretation of a 1212 religious movement among the landless poor.'' This paragraph needs supporting cites. I have a 1989 copy of ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'' and it basically says there is evidence for 2 seperate movements. I'm hoping whoever wrote the above is still around and can point to what source from "the early 1980s" they are refering to. --User:Stbalbach 05:12, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) ::Ok, I answered my own question. The above was entered by Skyshadow (who is no longer active) last March who says he got the info from Peter Raedts who is allready cited in the References (late 70s). Further research turned up this [http://www.historyhouse.com/in_history/childrens_crusade/] website which goes in to more detail. It looks like there needs to be a bit of further revision to this article bringing together multiple sources (I dont think the web page linked here is that great a source, but shows the nature of the problem). --User:Stbalbach 05:33, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) == More about Matthew Paris == I suppose this is more relevant to the Shepherds' Crusade, but since I already mentioned it here, I found an English version of Matthew Paris. Here are the relevant passages: "Matthew Paris's English History, Vol. II, From the Year 1235 to 1273", trans. J.A. Giles, London, 1853, pg. 452: :He summoned all shepherds to join him, and they, abandoning their flockes, herds, and horses, and without consulting their lords of their relatives, followed him on foot, caring nought about food; for this man preached that chief of devices which was formerly adopted by a beardless youth in France, who about forty years back had infatuated the French people, and convoked an immense host of boys, who followed his footsteps, singing; and, what was wonderful, could not be restrained by bolts or belts, nor recalled by the commands, entreaties, or presents of their fathers and mothers." So that's interesting, according to this translation it's not the same guy, just similar circumstances. The Latin version I mentioned previously (Matthaei Parisiensis Chronica Majora, ed. Henry Richards Luard, vol. V, 1248-1259, London, 1880, pg. 247) says: :Et quoscunque pastores ad se vocavit, ipsi relictis regibus, armentis, et equitiis, inconsultis dominis et parentibus, ipsum non solliciti de victualibus pedetentim sequebantur. Utebatur nempe illo maleficii genere, quo quondam in Francia utebatur, adhuc imberbis at adolescens, quando videlicet, elapsis tunc circiter quadraginta annis, universum populum Francorum infatuaverat, convocans puerorum infinitam multitudinem, qui cantantes ipsum sequebantur e vestigio; et quod mirum fuit, non eos poterant serae vel repagula retinere, nec patrum vel matrum imperia, blanditiae, vel munera, revocare. The note in the margin says "His previous career, as leader of the children's crusade", and it could be translated as the same guy being leader of both, although the English version from 1853 is also possible. I hope someone else finds this interesting/useful :) User:Adam Bishop 23:06, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Peter Raedts == I've updated this based on Peter Raedts work which is the most recent from 1977 (see references). It is a summary of what he says as described in the ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'' by Frederick Russell from 1989.. the previous text had some inaccuaries and appeared to draw on web based resources which are not very authoritative. --User:Stbalbach 01:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
#REDIRECT Children's_Crusade
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Children\'s_Crusade:
Children's_Crusade
Children's_Crusade
Children's_crusade
Children's Crusade
The '''Children's Crusade''' is the name given a variety of fictional and factual events in 1212 AD that combine some or all of these elements: visions by a boy, children marching to south Italy, an attempt to free the Holy Land, children being sold into slavery. Several conflicting accounts exist, and the facts of the situation continue to be a subject of debate among historians. ==The long-standing view== The long-standing view of the Children's Crusade is some version of events with similar themes. A boy began preaching in either France or Germany claiming that he had been visited by Jesus and told to lead the next Crusade. Through a series of supposed portents and miracle he gained a considerable following, including possibly as many as 20,000 children. He led his followers southwards towards the Mediterranean, where it is said he believed that the sea would part when he arrived, so that he and his followers could march to Jerusalem, but this did not happen. Two merchants gave passage on seven boats to as many of the children as would fit. The children were either taken to Tunisia and sold into slavery, or died in a shipwreck. In some accounts they never reached the sea before dying or giving up from starvation and exhaustion. Scholarship has shown this long standing view to be more legend than fact. ==Modern research== According to more recent research there seems to have been two movements of people in 1212 in France and Germany. The similarities of the two allowed later chroniclers to lump them together as a single tale. In the first movement Nicholas, a German shepherd, led a group across the Alps and into Italy in the early spring of 1212. About 7,000 arrived in Genoa in late August. However, their plans didn't bear fruit when the waters did not part as promised and the band broke up. Some left for home, others may have gone to Rome, while still others may have traveled down the Rhone to Marseilles where they were probably sold into slavery. Few returned home and none reached the Holy Land. The second movement was led by a "shepherd boy" named Stephen de Cloyes near the village of Châteaudun who claimed in June that he bore a letter for the king of France from Jesus. Attracting a crowd of over 30,000 he went to Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis where he was seen to work miracles. On the orders of Philip II of France, on the advice of the University of Paris, the crowd was sent home, and most of them went. None of the contemporary sources mentions plans of the crowd to go to Jerusalem. Later chroniclers embellished these events. Recent research suggests the participants were not children, at least not the very young. In the early 1200s, bands of wandering poor started cropping up throughout Europe. These were people displaced by economics changes at the time which forced many poor peasant in northern France and Germany to sell their land. These bands were referred to as ''pueri'' (Latin for "children") in a condescending manner, in much the same way that people from rural areas in the United States are called "country boys." In 1212, a young French ''puer'' named Stephen and a German ''puer'' named Nicholas separately began claiming that they had each had similar visions of Jesus. This resulted in these bands of roving poor being united into a religious protest movement which transformed (in their minds) this forced wandering into a religious journey. The ''pueri'' marched, following the Christian cross and associating themselves with Jesus's biblical journey. This, however, was not a prelude to a holy war. Thirty years later, chroniclers read the accounts of these processions and translated ''pueri'' as "children" without understanding the usage. So, the Children's Crusade was born. The resulting story illustrates how ingrained the concept of Crusading was in the people of that time— the chroniclers assumed that the pueri must have been Crusaders, in their innocence returning to the foundations of crusading characteristic of Peter the Hermit, and meeting the same sort of tragic fate. According to Matthew Paris, one of the leaders of the Children's Crusade became "Le Maître de Hongrie," the leader of the Shepherds' Crusade in 1251. ==In art== * Crusade in Jeans is a fictional account of the children's crusade, as seen through the eyes of a young time traveller. ==Notes== Raedts, 1977 Russell, 1989 ==References== * Frederick Russell, "Children's Crusade", ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'', 1989, ISBN 0684170248 * Peter Raedts, "The Children's Crusade of 1212", ''Journal of Medieval History'', 3 (1977), summary of the sources, issues and literature. * [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1212pueri.html ''Chronica Regiae Coloniensis''], a (supposedly) contemporary source. From the Internet Medieval Sourcebook. * [http://www.straightdope.com/columns/040409.html The Children's Crusade: Fact or fable?], from The Straight Dope. ---- '''''The Children's Crusade'' is the sub-title of Slaughterhouse-Five, a book by Kurt Vonnegut. ---- ''Children's Crusade''''' is also the title of a song on the 1985 album ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'', by the British musician Sting (musician). The song uses the cultural reference of a "lost generation" in the contexts of World War I and modern-day heroin abuse. Crusades
Children's Crusade
Just to let anyone of intrest know... the books about the Children's Crusades are labeled Juvenille Fiction on Amazon, which should tell ya something. ---- The opening sentence of this article calls the Children's Crusade a tale. Does that mean it is a folktale? Or did the Children's Crusade really occur? If it really occurred, then ''tale'' should be replaced with another word or term, such as ''event'' or ''historic event''. User:Kingturtle 16:30, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC) :Unfortunately it's not really clear. Specific things (like names of Stephen and Nicholas, or that Stephen was visited by Christ, or that they were all sold into slavery, etc) are probably not true, but a group of children may have tried to go on a crusade, maybe after making a pilgrimage to Rome or something. No one really knows... User:Adam Bishop 16:43, 12 Dec 2003 (UTC) ---- Okay, here's the results of my research. It anyone has anything to contradict this, I'd like to hear it. My info is from Karen Armstrong's "Holy War: The Crusades and their Impact on Today's World", pp. 398-399. The "Children's Crusade" originated as a misreading of a history in the 13th century. In the early 1200's, bands of wandering poor started cropping up throughout Europe. These were folks displaced by economic changes at the time which forced many poor peasants in northern France and Germany to sell off their land. These bands were referred to as ''pueri'' (the children) in a condescending manner, in the same spirit as a white person in the 1950's American south might refer to a black man as "boy". In 1212, a young French ''puer'' named Stephen and a German named Nicholas had similar visions of Christ, which resulted in these bands being united into a religious protest movement which transformed (in their minds) this forced wandering into a religious journey. The ''pueri'' marched, following the Cross and associating themselves with Christ, who had wandered in his time. This, however, was not a prelude to a holy war. At the end of the summer of 1212, the ''pueri'' peacefully disbanded and disappeared from history. Thirty years later, chroniclers read the accounts of these processions and translated ''pueri'' as "children" without understanding the usage. So, the childrens' crusade war born. If nothing else, the resulting story illustrates how ingrained the concept of Crusading was in the people of this time -- they assumed that these folks *must* have been Crusaders, in their innocence returning to the old-school days of Peter the Hermit and meeting the same sort of tragic fate. Anyhow, the Children's Crusade seems to be a fiction of history. Can anyone show otherwise, or should I edit the article? :I believe the source you are quoting is incorrect. Sources dating from the year after the Children's Crusade refer to it as fact, and make it clear that they are talking about actual children. Below is one reference for this: :http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1212pueri.html :I would say you should leave the article as it is, though you could quote that author's opinion in a new section. I don't think her arguments will hold much water though. Just my 2 cents, User:Jwrosenzweig 21:21, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::To clarify, that source I linked to does not say that the children got anywhere on their crusade -- we simply don't know the result. It does, however, attest to the fact that they were real children, and that they apparently presented themselves as a crusade to others, which I thought was the point you were driving at. Figured I should clarify, User:Jwrosenzweig 21:26, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC) ::It is not at all clear what happened. Try this page[http://www.historyhouse.com/in_history/childrens_crusade/] User:Rmhermen 21:30, Mar 16, 2004 (UTC) ::The source material for Armstrong's assertation is Peter Raedt's article "The Children's Crusade of 1212" (Paris, 1982). Assuming it's not completely off-base, the facts seem to indicate that this wasn't a "crusade" at all. The only historical connection seems to be from a song they sang while marching, "Lord God, raise up the Christian people and give us back the True Cross"... User:Skyshadow 21:36, Mar 16, 2004 (UTC) ==Matthew Paris== In Matthew Paris's ''Chronica Maiora'' (book V, page 248 in the Latin version I was looking at), he is talking about the Shepherds' Crusade of 1251, and mentions that the leader was also a leader of the Children's Crusade. (Matthew was alive (though very young) when the Children's Crusade was supposed to have happened.) I'm not saying this proves anything one way or the other, but it hasn't been mentioned yet (on this page) so I thought I would bring it up. It seems that a contemporary understood something happened, but on the other hand, the way the leader of the Shepherds is portrayed, he wouldn't have been a child during the Children's Crusade. Very strange. User:Adam Bishop 20:08, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Separate sections for the 3 views == I was led to this article from [http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=132750&cid=11083555&threshold=3&mode=nested&commentsort=0 this thread in /.], where people were commenting about the article dealing with 3 views and I know nothing about the topic of this article. But [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Crusade&oldid=9769023 the version I read] seemed confusing about what the 3 views were and needed a little reorganisation. Based on [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Crusade&oldid=9756141 the previous version] and the /. comments I made a separate section for what I think are the 3 views. I'm not sure whether my [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Crusade&diff=9769683&oldid=9769023 reoganisation of paragraphs & the section-titles I gave] are appropriate. If you know something about this topic, please clean up the article. Thanks. -- User:Paddu 18:44, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC) :User:Stbalbach's edits seem to suggest that the 2nd view is also from recent research, apart from the 3rd view. If that is true, the 2nd section must probably be merged into the 3rd. First of all, are there 2 or 3 views? Which of these rae backed by modern/recent research? -- User:Paddu 20:46, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Modern Research == :''Most historians speculate that the entire crusade is fiction, as there is no real evidence that any such event occurred, in the 13th century or in any other century. Research carried out in the early 1980s indicates that the Children's Crusade began as a misinterpretation of a 1212 religious movement among the landless poor.'' This paragraph needs supporting cites. I have a 1989 copy of ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'' and it basically says there is evidence for 2 seperate movements. I'm hoping whoever wrote the above is still around and can point to what source from "the early 1980s" they are refering to. --User:Stbalbach 05:12, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) ::Ok, I answered my own question. The above was entered by Skyshadow (who is no longer active) last March who says he got the info from Peter Raedts who is allready cited in the References (late 70s). Further research turned up this [http://www.historyhouse.com/in_history/childrens_crusade/] website which goes in to more detail. It looks like there needs to be a bit of further revision to this article bringing together multiple sources (I dont think the web page linked here is that great a source, but shows the nature of the problem). --User:Stbalbach 05:33, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC) == More about Matthew Paris == I suppose this is more relevant to the Shepherds' Crusade, but since I already mentioned it here, I found an English version of Matthew Paris. Here are the relevant passages: "Matthew Paris's English History, Vol. II, From the Year 1235 to 1273", trans. J.A. Giles, London, 1853, pg. 452: :He summoned all shepherds to join him, and they, abandoning their flockes, herds, and horses, and without consulting their lords of their relatives, followed him on foot, caring nought about food; for this man preached that chief of devices which was formerly adopted by a beardless youth in France, who about forty years back had infatuated the French people, and convoked an immense host of boys, who followed his footsteps, singing; and, what was wonderful, could not be restrained by bolts or belts, nor recalled by the commands, entreaties, or presents of their fathers and mothers." So that's interesting, according to this translation it's not the same guy, just similar circumstances. The Latin version I mentioned previously (Matthaei Parisiensis Chronica Majora, ed. Henry Richards Luard, vol. V, 1248-1259, London, 1880, pg. 247) says: :Et quoscunque pastores ad se vocavit, ipsi relictis regibus, armentis, et equitiis, inconsultis dominis et parentibus, ipsum non solliciti de victualibus pedetentim sequebantur. Utebatur nempe illo maleficii genere, quo quondam in Francia utebatur, adhuc imberbis at adolescens, quando videlicet, elapsis tunc circiter quadraginta annis, universum populum Francorum infatuaverat, convocans puerorum infinitam multitudinem, qui cantantes ipsum sequebantur e vestigio; et quod mirum fuit, non eos poterant serae vel repagula retinere, nec patrum vel matrum imperia, blanditiae, vel munera, revocare. The note in the margin says "His previous career, as leader of the children's crusade", and it could be translated as the same guy being leader of both, although the English version from 1853 is also possible. I hope someone else finds this interesting/useful :) User:Adam Bishop 23:06, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) == Peter Raedts == I've updated this based on Peter Raedts work which is the most recent from 1977 (see references). It is a summary of what he says as described in the ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages'' by Frederick Russell from 1989.. the previous text had some inaccuaries and appeared to draw on web based resources which are not very authoritative. --User:Stbalbach 01:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Children's crusade
#REDIRECT Children's_Crusade
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