Chancellor of the Exchequer - meaning of word
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Chancellor of the Exchequer



[[Image:Gordon Brown Photo.jpg|thumb|The Right Honourable Gordon Brown, PC, MP, current Chancellor of the Exchequer]]The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the ancient title held by the British cabinet minister whose responsibilities are akin to the posts of ''Minister for Finance'' or ''Secretary of the Treasury'' in other jurisdictions. The third oldest major state office in English and United Kingdom history, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, (often simply called ''The Chancellor'') is the cabinet minister responsible for all financial matters. Historically the Exchequer included monetary policy as well as fiscal policy, but this ended when the Bank of England was granted independence from government in 1997. The office should not be confused with that of the Lord Chancellor or the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. The position of Chancellor of the Exchequer is considered one of the four great offices of state. One of the Chancellor's key roles involves the framing of the annual "Budget", which is revealed in a speech to the United Kingdom House of Commons. Traditionally the budget speech was delivered on a Tuesday (although not always) in March, as Britain's ''tax year'' follows the Julian Calendar. From 1993 the Budget was preceded by an annual 'Autumn Statement' which forecasts government spending in the next year and takes place in November. This preview of the next year's Budget is also referred to as the "mini-Budget". The 1997, 2001, 2002 and 2003 Budgets were delivered on a Wednesday. The holder of the office of Chancellor is ''ex-officio'' Second Lord of the Treasury. As Second Lord, his official residence is Number 11 Downing Street in London, next door to the residence of the First Lord of the Treasury (a post usually though not always held by the British Prime Minister), who resides in 10 Downing Street. While in the past both houses were private residences, today they serve as interlinked offices, with the occupant living in a small apartment made from attic rooms previously resided in by servants. In 1997, the current First and Second Lords, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown respectively, swapped apartments, as the Chancellor's apartment in No. 11 was bigger and thus better suited to the needs of Blair (who had children) than Brown who was at that stage unmarried. So though No. 11 is still ''officially'' Brown's residence, he actually resides in the apartment in the attic of No. 10, and Blair — though ''officially'' residing in No. 10 — actually lives in the attic apartment of No. 11. The Chancellor is also obliged to be a member of the Privy Council, and thus is Style (manner of address) the Right Honourable (Rt. Hon.) The Chancellor's department is officially called the HM Treasury where she/he is supported by a political team of four junior ministers and by permanent Civil Servants. The most important junior minister is the Chief Secretary to the Treasury to whom the negotiations with other government departments on the details of government spending are delegated. ===List of Holders of the Office since 1559=== ''Several Chancellors were also Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for some or all of their Chancellorship. These are indicated by a *'' *Sir John Baker (English statesman) (unknown) *Sir Walter Mildmay 1559-1589 *John Fortescue(16th century) 1589-1603 *George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar (1605) 1603-1606 *Sir Sir Julius Caesar 1606-1614 *Sir Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke 1614-1621 *Sir Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland 1621-1628 *Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh 1628-1629 *Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington 1629-1642 *Sir John Culpepper, 1st Baron Culpepper 1642-1643 *Sir Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (July 19, 1642 - 1646) *Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (May 13, 1661 - November 22, 1672) *Sir John Duncombe (November 22, 1672 - May 2, 1676) *Sir John Ernle (May 2, 1676 - April 9, 1689) *Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington (April 9, 1689 - March 18, 1690) *Richard Hampden (March 18, 1690 - May 10, 1694) *Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (May 10, 1694 - June 2, 1699) *John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer) (June 2, 1699 - March 27, 1701) *Henry Boyle, 1st Baron Carleton (March 27, 1701 - April 22, 1708) *John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer) (April 22, 1708 - August 11, 1710) *Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer (August 11, 1710 - June 4, 1711) *Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley (June 4, 1711 - August 21, 1713) *Sir William Wyndham (August 21, 1713 - October 13, 1714) *Sir Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow (October 13, 1714 - October 12, 1715) *Robert Walpole (October 12, 1715 - April 15, 1717) *James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope (April 15, 1717 - March 20, 1718) *John Aislabie (March 20, 1718 - January 23, 1721) (resigned) *Sir John Pratt (February 2, 1721 - April 3, 1721) *Sir Robert Walpole (April 3, 1721 - February 12, 1742)* *Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys (February 12, 1742 - December 12, 1743) *Henry Pelham (December 12, 1743 - March 8, 1754)* *Sir William Lee (UK) (March 8, 1754 - April 6, 1754) *Henry Bilson Legge (April 6, 1754 - November 25, 1755) *Sir George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton (November 25, 1755 - November 16, 1756) *Henry Bilson Legge (November 16, 1756 - April 13, 1757) *William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield (April 13, 1757 - July 2, 1757) *Henry Bilson Legge (July 2, 1757 - March 19, 1761) *William Wildman Shute Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington (March 19, 1761 - May 29, 1762) *Sir Francis Dashwood, 15th Baron Le Despencer (May 29, 1762 - April 16, 1763) *George Grenville (April 16, 1763 - July 16, 1765)* *William Dowdeswell (July 16, 1765 - August 2, 1766) *Charles Townshend (August 2, 1766 - September 4, 1767) (died in office) *Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (September 11, 1767 - March 27, 1782)* ''(From 1770)'' (resigned) *Lord John Cavendish (March 27, 1782 - July 10, 1782) *William Pitt the Younger (July 10, 1782 - March 31, 1783) (resigned) *Lord John Cavendish (April 2, 1783 - December 19, 1783) *William Pitt the Younger (December 19, 1783 - March 14, 1801)* *Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (March 14, 1801 - May 10, 1804)* *William Pitt the Younger (May 10, 1804 - January 23, 1806)* (died in office) *Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne (February 5, 1806 - March 26, 1807) *Spencer Perceval (March 26, 1807 - May 12, 1812)* ''(From 1809)'' (assassinated) *Nicholas Vansittart, 1st Baron Bexley (May 12, 1812 - January 31, 1823) *Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich (January 31, 1823 - April 20, 1827) *George Canning (April 20, 1827 - August 8, 1827)* (died in office) *Charles Abbott, 1st Baron Tenterden (August 8, 1827 - September 3, 1827) *John Charles Herries (September 3, 1827 - January 26, 1828) *Henry Goulburn (January 26, 1828 - November 22, 1830) *John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (November 22, 1830 - November 14, 1834) *Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman served as Chancellor ''pro tem'' (November 15 1834 - December 15 1834) *Sir Robert Peel (December 2, 1834 - April 8, 1835)* *Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle (April 18, 1835 - August 26, 1839) *Sir Francis Thornhill Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook (August 26, 1839 - August 30, 1841) *Henry Goulburn (September 3, 1841 - June 27, 1846) *Sir Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax (July 6, 1846 - February 21, 1852) *Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (February 27, 1852 - December 17, 1852) *William Ewart Gladstone (December 28, 1852 - February 28, 1855) *Sir George Cornewall Lewis (February 28, 1855 - February 21, 1858) *Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (February 26, 1858 - June 11, 1859) *William Ewart Gladstone (June 18, 1859 - June 26, 1866) *Benjamin Disraeli (July 6, 1866 - February 29, 1868) *George Ward Hunt (February 29, 1868 - December 1, 1868) *Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke (December 9, 1868 - August 11, 1873) *William Ewart Gladstone (August 11, 1873 - February 17, 1874)* *Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh (February 21, 1874 - April 21, 1880) *William Ewart Gladstone (April 28, 1880 - December 16, 1882)* *Hugh Childers (December 16, 1882 - June 9, 1885) *Sir Michael Hicks Beach (June 24, 1885 - January 28, 1886) *Sir William Vernon Harcourt (politician) (February 6, 1886 - July 20, 1886) *Lord Randolph Churchill (August 3, 1886 - December 22, 1886) (resigned) *George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen (January 14, 1887 - August 11, 1892) *Sir William Vernon Harcourt (politician) (August 18, 1892 - June 21, 1895) *Sir Michael Edward Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn (June 29, 1895 - August 11, 1902) *Charles Thomson Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie (August 11, 1902 - October 9, 1903) *Austen Chamberlain (October 9, 1903 - December 4, 1905) *Herbert Henry Asquith (December 10, 1905 - April 12, 1908) *David Lloyd George (April 12, 1908 - May 25, 1915) *Reginald McKenna (May 25, 1915 - December 10, 1916) *Andrew Bonar Law (December 10, 1916 - January 10, 1919) *Austen Chamberlain (January 10, 1919 - April 1, 1921) *Sir Robert Stevenson Horne, 1st Viscount Horne (April 1, 1921 - October 19, 1922) *Stanley Baldwin (October 27, 1922 - August 27, 1923)* ''(From May 22, 1923)'' *Neville Chamberlain (August 27, 1923 - January 22, 1924) *Philip Snowden (January 22, 1924 - November 3, 1924) *Winston Churchill (November 6, 1924 - June 4, 1929) *Philip Snowden (June 7, 1929 - November 5, 1931) *Neville Chamberlain (November 5, 1931 - May 28, 1937) *Sir John Allsebrooke Simon (May 28, 1937 - May 12, 1940) *Sir Kingsley Wood (May 12, 1940 - September 24, 1943) *Sir John Anderson (UK politician) (September 24, 1943 - July 26, 1945) *Hugh Dalton (July 27, 1945 - November 13, 1947) (resigned) *Sir Stafford Cripps (November 13, 1947 - October 19, 1950) *Hugh Gaitskell (October 19, 1950 - October 26, 1951) *Rab Butler (October 28, 1951 - December 20, 1955) *Harold Macmillan (December 20, 1955 - January 13, 1957) *Peter Thorneycroft (January 13, 1957 - January 6, 1958) (resigned) *Derick Heathcoat-Amory (January 6, 1958 - July 27, 1960) *Selwyn Lloyd (July 27, 1960 - July 13, 1962) *Reginald Maudling (July 13, 1962 - October 16, 1964) *James Callaghan (October 16, 1964 - November 30, 1967) *Roy Jenkins (November 30, 1967 - June 19, 1970) *Iain Macleod (June 20, 1970 - July 20, 1970) (died in office) *Anthony Barber (July 25, 1970 - March 4, 1974) *Denis Healey (March 5, 1974 - May 4, 1979) *Sir Geoffrey Howe (May 5, 1979 - June 11, 1983) *Nigel Lawson (June 11, 1983 - October 26, 1989) (resigned) *Sir John Major (October 26, 1989 - November 28, 1990) *Norman Stewart Hughson Lamont, Baron Lamont of Lerwick (November 28, 1990 - May 27, 1993) *Kenneth Clarke (May 27, 1993 - May 2, 1997) *Gordon Brown (May 2, 1997 -) ===See also=== *UK topics Lists of British ministers Business and finance in the United Kingdom Chancellors of the Exchequer Government of the UK

Chancellor of the Exchequer



To be added. I'm off to be now. User:Mintguy John Anderson 1943-1945 National Government Hugh Dalton 1945-1947 Labour Stafford Cripps 1947-1950 Labour Hugh Gaitskell 1950-1951 Labour Richard Austen Butler 1951-1955 Conservative (Maurice) Harold Macmillan 1955-1957 Conservative Peter Thorneycroft 1957-1958 Conservative Derick Heathcoat Amory 1958-1960 Conservative Selwyn Lloyd 1960-1962 Conservative Reginald Maudling 1962-1964 Conservative (Leonard) James Callaghan 1964-1967 Labour Roy Harris Jenkins 1967-1970 Labour Iain Macleod 1970 Conservative Anthony Barber 1970-1974 Conservative Denis Healey 1974-1979 Labour (Richard Edward) Geoffrey Howe 1979-1983 Conservative Nigel Lawson 1983-1989 Conservative John Roy Major 1989-1990 Conservative Norman Lamont 1990-1993 Conservative Kenneth Harry Clarke 1993-1997 Conservative Gordon Brown 1997- Labour As this is the #1 hit on Google it deserves a better article. Goodnight User:Mintguy 22:43 Feb 6, 2003 (UTC) ----- Hm. Some of the stuff in here should perhaps be moved to Exchequer. --User:Maveric149 21:14 13 Jul 2003 (UTC) :Um... Exchequer is an archaic term that derives its name from a piece of chequered cloth that was once used to count money. The government department is acutally called 'the Treasury' or 'HM Treasury', only rarely called the Exchequer. User:Mintguy ::What about other countries, though? User:Deb 21:24 13 Jul 2003 (UTC) :::I don't know about other countries, but I was just wondering whether it is really correct to say, as the article currently does, "... the Chancellor of the Exchequer ... who heads the Exchequer" ::Yeah, that's why I just redirected it to Chancellor of the Exchequer at first. But I guess the Exchequer article could talk about the original term some more. User:Adam Bishop 21:25 13 Jul 2003 (UTC) I've done a rewrite to correct info (the Budget no longer takes place in March. Until a couple of years ago both Britain and Ireland used the Julian Calendar to run the tax year. That was only recently changed meaning that both counties moved their Budget dates from January (IRL) and April (UK) to November. Also some other info, including explaining what the C of the E is the equivalent of in other states. User:Jtdirl 22:31 13 Jul 2003 (UTC) The tax year end still ends on April 5. It used to be 25 of March till the changeover of calendars, when people complained about having to pay a full years tax for a year less 11 days. User:Mintguy 01:33 14 Jul 2003 (UTC) ---- Third oldest office? Certainly Lord Chancellor and Lord Privy Seal are older, but I'd think others are as well...anyone know where that bit came from? User:John Kenney 05:59, 15 Dec 2003 (UTC) ==Robe of office== I recall there's a robe that the Chancellor wore on formal occasions, though by Snowden/Churchill's time this was just once a year to oversee the appointment of some magistrates. Anyone know when this was abolished altogether, along with the function. Also am I right that this is the robe (as worn by Lord North)? User:Timrollpickering 18:00, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Chancellor of the exchequer



#redirect Chancellor of the Exchequer


See other meanings of words starting from letter:

C

CA | CB | CD | CE | CF | CG | CH | CI | CJ | CK | CL | CM | CN | CO | CP | CR | CS | CT | CU | CW | CX | CY | CZ |

Words begining with Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer:

Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer
Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer
Chancellor_of_the_exchequer


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