
*For this sort of classical music, see chamber music *''Chamber Music'' is also the title of a collection of poems by James Joyce, his first book, published in 1907. The title is a pun, referring to the music of urine hitting a chamber pot, as well as to the musical genre.
Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any "art music" that is performed by a small number of performers with one performer to a part. The word "chamber" signifies that the music can be performed in a small room, often with an intimate atmosphere. However, it usually does not include, by definition, solo instrument performances. == Definition == The phrase ''chamber music'' suggests a piece for at least two instruments, but there is no theoretical upper limit to the number of instruments. In practice, chamber works for more than five instruments are unusual, and works scored for more than eight are rare. When dealing with a piece for ten or more players, it is generally considered a small chamber orchestra. Chamber works exist for many different combinations of instruments, with the string quartet often seen as the most important. Popular chamber groups other than the string quartet include the string trio, the piano trio, the piano quintet and the string quintet. Woodwind instruments and brass instruments are used less often. Several composers have written works for mixed groups of wind and strings, and some have written for wind instruments alone, but with the exception of the French horn, brass instruments are very rarely used. This is probably in part due to the fact that at the time chamber music was first being written, brass instruments did not have valves, and so could only produce a limited number of notes. While chamber music is frequently played in public concerts, it is usually heard in halls much smaller than those used for orchestral concerts. The more intimate acoustics of a smaller space, imitating the drawing rooms in which such music was originally played, are more suitable for a small group of instruments. == History == While the term is most often applied to instrumental performances, the Madrigal (music)s of the renaissance music period in the 16th century may be considered chamber music. The most prominent Baroque music form of this type is the trio sonata. In the classical music era period, new forms were developed, most importantly the string quartet. These pieces were often written for amateurs, and not intended to be played in public. Many of the string quartets of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, for example, were written to be played for fun and in private, by a string quartet of which they were both members. One of the composers responsible for bringing chamber music to the concert hall is Ludwig van Beethoven. He wrote chamber music for amateurs, such as the Septet of 1800, but his last string quartets are very complex works which amateurs would have struggled to play. They are also seen as pushing the boundaries of acceptable harmony of that time, and are regarded as some of his most profound works. Following Beethoven in the romantic music period, many other composers wrote pieces for professional chamber groups. == Resources == ''Cobbett's Cyclopedic Survey of Chamber Music'', edited by Walter Willson Cobbett in 1923, and updated and reprinted in 1963, is a comprehensive guide to chamber music compositions and composers up to that time. Sir Donald Francis Tovey, British pianist and musicologist, wrote many insightful essays on the subject of chamber music, some of them available in the volume of his ''Essays in Musical Analysis'' that he devotes to it. == Performance == Many classical musicians enjoy playing chamber music. In most cases, chamber music is performed without a conductor, so each performer has greater artistic freedom. For organizing a performance, the expense is lower and the logistics simpler than that for even a modest orchestra. While the repertoire is not suitable for beginners, there are pieces within the technical and artistic capabilities of most serious amateurs. == Ensembles == This is a partial list of the types of Musical ensemble found in chamber music. {| | Number of Musicians || Name || Common Musical ensemble || Musical instrument || Comments |- |rowspan=5| 2 ||rowspan=2| Duo || Piano Duo || 2 pno |- | Instrumental Duo || any instrument and pno || Found especially as instrumental sonatas; i.e., Violin Sonata, Cello Sonata, Viola Sonata, Horn Sonata, Bassoon Sonata, Clarinet Sonata, Flute Sonata sonatas). |- |rowspan=3| Duet (music) || Piano Duet || 1 pno, 4 hands |- | Vocal Duet || voice, pno || Commonly used in the art song, or Lieder. |- | Instrumental Duet || 2 of any instrument |- |rowspan=2| 3 ||rowspan=2| Trio || String Trio || vln, vla, vc |- | Piano Trio || vln, vc, pno |- |rowspan=3| 4 ||rowspan=3| Quartet || String Quartet || 2 vln, vla, vc |- |rowspan=2| Piano Quartet || vln, vla, vc, pno |- | vln, cl, vc, pno || Rare; famous example: Messiaen's Quatuor pour la fin du temps; less famous: Hindemith (1938), Walter Rabl (Op. 1; 1896). |- |rowspan=4| 5 ||rowspan=4| Quintet ||rowspan=2| Piano Quintet || 2 vln, vla, vc, pno |- | vln, vla, vc, cb, pno || An uncommon instrumentation used by Franz Schubert in his Trout Quintet. |- | Woodwind Quintet || fl, cl, ob, bsn, hrn |- | String Quintet || 2 vln, vla, vc with additional vla or vc |- |rowspan=4| 6 ||rowspan=4| Sextet || String sextet || 2 vln, 2 vla, 2 vc || Important among these are Brahms' Op. 18 and Op. 36 Sextets. |- | Piano Sextet || 2 vln, vla, vc, cb, pno |- | Piano and Wind Quintet || fl, ob, cl, bsn, hrn, pno || Such as the Poulenc Sextet. |- | Other Sextets || cl, 2 vln, vla, vc, piano || An example is Prokofiev's Overture on Hebrew Themes Op. 34. |- | 7 || Septet || || cl, hrn, bsn, vln, vla, vc, cb || Popularized by Beethoven's Septet Op. 20. |- |rowspan=4| 8 ||rowspan=4| Octet || || cl, hrn, bsn, 2 vls, vla, vc, cb || Popularized by Schubert's Octet D. 803, inspired by Beethoven's Septet. |- | String Octet || 4 vln, 2 vla, 2 vc || Popularized by Mendelssohn's String Octet Op. 20. |- | Double Quartet || 4 vln, 2 vla, 2 vc || Two string quartets arranged Antiphon. |- | Wind Octet || 2 ob, 2 cln, 2 hrn, 2 bsn |- | 9 || Nonet || || |- |colspan=5 border="0"| Index: vln - violin; vla - viola; vc - violincello or cello; cb - contrabass, string bass, or double bass; pno - piano; fl - flute; ob - oboe; cl - clarinet; bsn - bassoon; hrn - French horn |} The standard repertoire for chamber ensembles is rich, and the totality of chamber music in print in sheet music form is nearly boundless. See the articles on each instrument combination for examples of repertoire. ==External links== *The [http://www.acmp.net Amateur Chamber Music Players] publishes a contact list of musicians worldwide who play chamber music for their own enjoyment. They also publish lists of repertoire. *http://www.composerplanet.com/cgi-bin/wiki.cgi?ChamberMusic Classical music Musical groups
I'm not going to edit the page at the moment, but I'm not sure of the worth of listing chamber repertoire in this page. The repertoire varies according to group - a string quartet shares no repertoire at all with a piano trio, for instance. So wouldn't repertoire lists be better on those individial pages (string quartet, piano trio, string trio, piano quintet and so on)? --User:Camembert :I agree with Camembert--the list could get so huge that readers would have trouble finding what they're looking for. Better to use the existing structure of the Wikipedia to keep things organized. --User:Opus33 19:43, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) Ok, I thought I had reverted that portion of my edit when I copied some of the repertoire to piano trio. I'll do it now. User:UninvitedCompany 19:47, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) == Complete Scope of Chamber Music == I would like to know the complete scope of chamber music, i.e., the instruments involved. Is 2 pianos included? Thank you so much. - von Herzen * To quote from Groves: "Similarly, although chamber music is often defined as involving two or more players, much solo repertory such as Renaissance lute music, Bach’s violin sonatas and partitas and cello suites and several of Beethoven’s piano sonatas fulfils many of the functions and conditions of chamber music." --User:Bleh fu 04:20, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) == Organization == Perhaps a list-format would be more effective for displaying the multitude of different arrangements. I think that organization by the number of people in the ensemble would be the most effective, but this also runs the risk of redundancy -- perhaps limiting it to the most common/popular sub-categories would be prudent; I think something like this would work well: * Trio ** Piano Trio ** String Trio * Quartet ** Piano Quartet ** String Quartet etc. Possible issues: * How to deal with ensembles that don't fit easily into any of these categories? * Possibly organize by instrumentation as well? Wind chamber music? Piano chamber music? ** How to deal with vocal chamber music? Maybe that needs an article for itself. I'd love feedback. Cheers. --User:Bleh fu 04:43, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) What about tables? I think this looks good. However, they will be quite cumbersome to maintain, xhtml, html, wikitable, whatever. --User:Bleh fu 06:04, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) :I like the idea; you've already done what seems to be the biggest pain about it, the initial setup. Two suggestions: for instrumental sonata, you could probably just have one entry there, with the instrument being piano + other instrument (perhaps linking the ones that have separate articles in the comments ("see violin sonata, ...")). For another, I'd probably mention notable nonstandard instrumentations like the Schubert separately as notable exceptions rather than putting them in the table. User:Mindspillage User talk:Mindspillage 06:22, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC) ::I think I like incorporating uncommon examples in the table -- it takes advantage of its visual clarity. I think it's worth the inconvenience in table coding. --User:Bleh fu 06:41, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) ::Moved the table to the article. --User:Bleh fu 03:39, Jan 13, 2005 (UTC) :::I like the table. Let's definitely expand it (sextet, octet, different kinds of trios, etc.) User:Antandrus 03:40, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Classical music
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Words begining with Chamber_music:
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Chamber_music
Chamber Music
*For this sort of classical music, see chamber music *''Chamber Music'' is also the title of a collection of poems by James Joyce, his first book, published in 1907. The title is a pun, referring to the music of urine hitting a chamber pot, as well as to the musical genre.
Chamber music
Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. Most broadly, it includes any "art music" that is performed by a small number of performers with one performer to a part. The word "chamber" signifies that the music can be performed in a small room, often with an intimate atmosphere. However, it usually does not include, by definition, solo instrument performances. == Definition == The phrase ''chamber music'' suggests a piece for at least two instruments, but there is no theoretical upper limit to the number of instruments. In practice, chamber works for more than five instruments are unusual, and works scored for more than eight are rare. When dealing with a piece for ten or more players, it is generally considered a small chamber orchestra. Chamber works exist for many different combinations of instruments, with the string quartet often seen as the most important. Popular chamber groups other than the string quartet include the string trio, the piano trio, the piano quintet and the string quintet. Woodwind instruments and brass instruments are used less often. Several composers have written works for mixed groups of wind and strings, and some have written for wind instruments alone, but with the exception of the French horn, brass instruments are very rarely used. This is probably in part due to the fact that at the time chamber music was first being written, brass instruments did not have valves, and so could only produce a limited number of notes. While chamber music is frequently played in public concerts, it is usually heard in halls much smaller than those used for orchestral concerts. The more intimate acoustics of a smaller space, imitating the drawing rooms in which such music was originally played, are more suitable for a small group of instruments. == History == While the term is most often applied to instrumental performances, the Madrigal (music)s of the renaissance music period in the 16th century may be considered chamber music. The most prominent Baroque music form of this type is the trio sonata. In the classical music era period, new forms were developed, most importantly the string quartet. These pieces were often written for amateurs, and not intended to be played in public. Many of the string quartets of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, for example, were written to be played for fun and in private, by a string quartet of which they were both members. One of the composers responsible for bringing chamber music to the concert hall is Ludwig van Beethoven. He wrote chamber music for amateurs, such as the Septet of 1800, but his last string quartets are very complex works which amateurs would have struggled to play. They are also seen as pushing the boundaries of acceptable harmony of that time, and are regarded as some of his most profound works. Following Beethoven in the romantic music period, many other composers wrote pieces for professional chamber groups. == Resources == ''Cobbett's Cyclopedic Survey of Chamber Music'', edited by Walter Willson Cobbett in 1923, and updated and reprinted in 1963, is a comprehensive guide to chamber music compositions and composers up to that time. Sir Donald Francis Tovey, British pianist and musicologist, wrote many insightful essays on the subject of chamber music, some of them available in the volume of his ''Essays in Musical Analysis'' that he devotes to it. == Performance == Many classical musicians enjoy playing chamber music. In most cases, chamber music is performed without a conductor, so each performer has greater artistic freedom. For organizing a performance, the expense is lower and the logistics simpler than that for even a modest orchestra. While the repertoire is not suitable for beginners, there are pieces within the technical and artistic capabilities of most serious amateurs. == Ensembles == This is a partial list of the types of Musical ensemble found in chamber music. {| | Number of Musicians || Name || Common Musical ensemble || Musical instrument || Comments |- |rowspan=5| 2 ||rowspan=2| Duo || Piano Duo || 2 pno |- | Instrumental Duo || any instrument and pno || Found especially as instrumental sonatas; i.e., Violin Sonata, Cello Sonata, Viola Sonata, Horn Sonata, Bassoon Sonata, Clarinet Sonata, Flute Sonata sonatas). |- |rowspan=3| Duet (music) || Piano Duet || 1 pno, 4 hands |- | Vocal Duet || voice, pno || Commonly used in the art song, or Lieder. |- | Instrumental Duet || 2 of any instrument |- |rowspan=2| 3 ||rowspan=2| Trio || String Trio || vln, vla, vc |- | Piano Trio || vln, vc, pno |- |rowspan=3| 4 ||rowspan=3| Quartet || String Quartet || 2 vln, vla, vc |- |rowspan=2| Piano Quartet || vln, vla, vc, pno |- | vln, cl, vc, pno || Rare; famous example: Messiaen's Quatuor pour la fin du temps; less famous: Hindemith (1938), Walter Rabl (Op. 1; 1896). |- |rowspan=4| 5 ||rowspan=4| Quintet ||rowspan=2| Piano Quintet || 2 vln, vla, vc, pno |- | vln, vla, vc, cb, pno || An uncommon instrumentation used by Franz Schubert in his Trout Quintet. |- | Woodwind Quintet || fl, cl, ob, bsn, hrn |- | String Quintet || 2 vln, vla, vc with additional vla or vc |- |rowspan=4| 6 ||rowspan=4| Sextet || String sextet || 2 vln, 2 vla, 2 vc || Important among these are Brahms' Op. 18 and Op. 36 Sextets. |- | Piano Sextet || 2 vln, vla, vc, cb, pno |- | Piano and Wind Quintet || fl, ob, cl, bsn, hrn, pno || Such as the Poulenc Sextet. |- | Other Sextets || cl, 2 vln, vla, vc, piano || An example is Prokofiev's Overture on Hebrew Themes Op. 34. |- | 7 || Septet || || cl, hrn, bsn, vln, vla, vc, cb || Popularized by Beethoven's Septet Op. 20. |- |rowspan=4| 8 ||rowspan=4| Octet || || cl, hrn, bsn, 2 vls, vla, vc, cb || Popularized by Schubert's Octet D. 803, inspired by Beethoven's Septet. |- | String Octet || 4 vln, 2 vla, 2 vc || Popularized by Mendelssohn's String Octet Op. 20. |- | Double Quartet || 4 vln, 2 vla, 2 vc || Two string quartets arranged Antiphon. |- | Wind Octet || 2 ob, 2 cln, 2 hrn, 2 bsn |- | 9 || Nonet || || |- |colspan=5 border="0"| Index: vln - violin; vla - viola; vc - violincello or cello; cb - contrabass, string bass, or double bass; pno - piano; fl - flute; ob - oboe; cl - clarinet; bsn - bassoon; hrn - French horn |} The standard repertoire for chamber ensembles is rich, and the totality of chamber music in print in sheet music form is nearly boundless. See the articles on each instrument combination for examples of repertoire. ==External links== *The [http://www.acmp.net Amateur Chamber Music Players] publishes a contact list of musicians worldwide who play chamber music for their own enjoyment. They also publish lists of repertoire. *http://www.composerplanet.com/cgi-bin/wiki.cgi?ChamberMusic Classical music Musical groups
Chamber music
I'm not going to edit the page at the moment, but I'm not sure of the worth of listing chamber repertoire in this page. The repertoire varies according to group - a string quartet shares no repertoire at all with a piano trio, for instance. So wouldn't repertoire lists be better on those individial pages (string quartet, piano trio, string trio, piano quintet and so on)? --User:Camembert :I agree with Camembert--the list could get so huge that readers would have trouble finding what they're looking for. Better to use the existing structure of the Wikipedia to keep things organized. --User:Opus33 19:43, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) Ok, I thought I had reverted that portion of my edit when I copied some of the repertoire to piano trio. I'll do it now. User:UninvitedCompany 19:47, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC) == Complete Scope of Chamber Music == I would like to know the complete scope of chamber music, i.e., the instruments involved. Is 2 pianos included? Thank you so much. - von Herzen * To quote from Groves: "Similarly, although chamber music is often defined as involving two or more players, much solo repertory such as Renaissance lute music, Bach’s violin sonatas and partitas and cello suites and several of Beethoven’s piano sonatas fulfils many of the functions and conditions of chamber music." --User:Bleh fu 04:20, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) == Organization == Perhaps a list-format would be more effective for displaying the multitude of different arrangements. I think that organization by the number of people in the ensemble would be the most effective, but this also runs the risk of redundancy -- perhaps limiting it to the most common/popular sub-categories would be prudent; I think something like this would work well: * Trio ** Piano Trio ** String Trio * Quartet ** Piano Quartet ** String Quartet etc. Possible issues: * How to deal with ensembles that don't fit easily into any of these categories? * Possibly organize by instrumentation as well? Wind chamber music? Piano chamber music? ** How to deal with vocal chamber music? Maybe that needs an article for itself. I'd love feedback. Cheers. --User:Bleh fu 04:43, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) What about tables? I think this looks good. However, they will be quite cumbersome to maintain, xhtml, html, wikitable, whatever. --User:Bleh fu 06:04, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) :I like the idea; you've already done what seems to be the biggest pain about it, the initial setup. Two suggestions: for instrumental sonata, you could probably just have one entry there, with the instrument being piano + other instrument (perhaps linking the ones that have separate articles in the comments ("see violin sonata, ...")). For another, I'd probably mention notable nonstandard instrumentations like the Schubert separately as notable exceptions rather than putting them in the table. User:Mindspillage User talk:Mindspillage 06:22, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC) ::I think I like incorporating uncommon examples in the table -- it takes advantage of its visual clarity. I think it's worth the inconvenience in table coding. --User:Bleh fu 06:41, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC) ::Moved the table to the article. --User:Bleh fu 03:39, Jan 13, 2005 (UTC) :::I like the table. Let's definitely expand it (sextet, octet, different kinds of trios, etc.) User:Antandrus 03:40, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Chamber music
Classical music
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