
In aeronautics, canard (French language for duck) is a type of fixed-wing aircraft in which the tailplane is ahead of the main wings, rather than behind them as in conventional aircraft. The earliest models, such as the Santos-Dumont 14-bis, were seen by observers to resemble a flying duck — hence the name. The term canard has also come to mean the tail surface itself, when mounted in that configuration. In English, canard also means hoax (but, in contemporary French usage, it means newspaper as in ''Le Canard Enchaîné''). In the field of computing, it has also Canard (computing) the meaning of "confused and mistaken belief". ==Canard aircraft characteristics== === Advantages === [[Image:XB-70 takeoff.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Canards (just behind the flight deck) on the XB-70 Valkyrie research aircraft]] The canard surface normally produces positive (upwards) lift (force) which adds to the overall lift, whereas a conventional tailplane normally produces a downforce, partially cancelling the lift from the main wings. Careful design of a canard aircraft can make it effectively "stall-proof" - the canard surface stalls first which tends to pitch the nose down and prevent the main wing from stalling. Canard designs can sometimes have a more useful range of centre of gravity. === Disadvantages === The wing operates in the downwash from the canard surface, which reduces its efficiency. It is often difficult to apply flaps to the wing in a canard design. Deploying flaps causes a large nose-down pitching moment, but in a conventional aeroplane this effect is considerably reduced by the increased downwash on the tailplane which produces a restoring nose-up pitching moment. With a canard design there is no tailplane to alleviate this effect. The Beech Starship attempted to overcome this problem with a swing-wing canard surface which swept forwards to counteract the effect of deploying flaps, but many canard designs have no flaps at all. In order to achieve longitudinal stability, most canard designs feature a small canard surface operating at a high coefficient of lift (CL), while the main wing, although much larger, operates at a much smaller CL and never achieves its full lift potential. ==Examples of canard aircraft== Aircraft that have successfully employed this configuration include: *Wright Flyer *Santos-Dumont 14-bis *IAI Kfir *Saab Viggen *Eurofighter Typhoon *Saab Gripen *Dassault Rafale *Rutan VariViggen *Rutan VariEze *Rutan Defiant *Rutan Long-EZ *Cozy MK IV *Beechcraft Starship *Grumman X-29A *Rockwell-MBB X-31 *Sukhoi Su-35 *Atlas Cheetah *XB-70 Valkyrie *Peterson 260SE (A Cessna 172 with an added canard for STOL operation. Aircraft configurations French phrases
''"In English, canard also means hoax (but, in contemporary French usage, it means newspaper as in Le Canard Enchaîné)."'' No. In English a canard is a cheap shot, a conscious untruth, a deceptive fabrication meant to discredit a person or an idea. --User:Wetman 10:19, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Canard:
Canard
Canard
Canards
Canard_(computing)
Canard_(computing)
Canard_aircraft
Canard_Enchaine
Canard_Enchaîné
Canard_enchaine
Canard_Pars
Canard
In aeronautics, canard (French language for duck) is a type of fixed-wing aircraft in which the tailplane is ahead of the main wings, rather than behind them as in conventional aircraft. The earliest models, such as the Santos-Dumont 14-bis, were seen by observers to resemble a flying duck — hence the name. The term canard has also come to mean the tail surface itself, when mounted in that configuration. In English, canard also means hoax (but, in contemporary French usage, it means newspaper as in ''Le Canard Enchaîné''). In the field of computing, it has also Canard (computing) the meaning of "confused and mistaken belief". ==Canard aircraft characteristics== === Advantages === [[Image:XB-70 takeoff.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Canards (just behind the flight deck) on the XB-70 Valkyrie research aircraft]] The canard surface normally produces positive (upwards) lift (force) which adds to the overall lift, whereas a conventional tailplane normally produces a downforce, partially cancelling the lift from the main wings. Careful design of a canard aircraft can make it effectively "stall-proof" - the canard surface stalls first which tends to pitch the nose down and prevent the main wing from stalling. Canard designs can sometimes have a more useful range of centre of gravity. === Disadvantages === The wing operates in the downwash from the canard surface, which reduces its efficiency. It is often difficult to apply flaps to the wing in a canard design. Deploying flaps causes a large nose-down pitching moment, but in a conventional aeroplane this effect is considerably reduced by the increased downwash on the tailplane which produces a restoring nose-up pitching moment. With a canard design there is no tailplane to alleviate this effect. The Beech Starship attempted to overcome this problem with a swing-wing canard surface which swept forwards to counteract the effect of deploying flaps, but many canard designs have no flaps at all. In order to achieve longitudinal stability, most canard designs feature a small canard surface operating at a high coefficient of lift (CL), while the main wing, although much larger, operates at a much smaller CL and never achieves its full lift potential. ==Examples of canard aircraft== Aircraft that have successfully employed this configuration include: *Wright Flyer *Santos-Dumont 14-bis *IAI Kfir *Saab Viggen *Eurofighter Typhoon *Saab Gripen *Dassault Rafale *Rutan VariViggen *Rutan VariEze *Rutan Defiant *Rutan Long-EZ *Cozy MK IV *Beechcraft Starship *Grumman X-29A *Rockwell-MBB X-31 *Sukhoi Su-35 *Atlas Cheetah *XB-70 Valkyrie *Peterson 260SE (A Cessna 172 with an added canard for STOL operation. Aircraft configurations French phrases
Canard
''"In English, canard also means hoax (but, in contemporary French usage, it means newspaper as in Le Canard Enchaîné)."'' No. In English a canard is a cheap shot, a conscious untruth, a deceptive fabrication meant to discredit a person or an idea. --User:Wetman 10:19, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
C
CA | CB | CD | CE | CF | CG | CH | CI | CJ | CK | CL | CM | CN | CO | CP | CR | CS | CT | CU | CW | CX | CY | CZ |Words begining with Canard:
Canard
Canard
Canards
Canard_(computing)
Canard_(computing)
Canard_aircraft
Canard_Enchaine
Canard_Enchaîné
Canard_enchaine
Canard_Pars
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