
: ''This article is about the ''Book of Ezekiel. See also Ezekiel, the prophet . For other meanings, see Ezekiel (disambiguation).'' ---- The Book of Ezekiel is a book of the Jewish Hebrew Bible as well as the Christian Old Testament, attributed to the prophet Ezekiel (יְחֶזְקֵאל "Elohim will strengthen", Standard Hebrew Yəḥezqel, Tiberian Hebrew Yəḥezqêl) who is regarded by both Jews and Christians as a prophet. ==The author Ezekiel== :''Main article Ezekiel''. What little personal information is presented in the text about the prophet is discussed at Ezekiel. We do know he was a priest in the temple at Jerusalem, the son of a priest, and that he had a wife prior to being carried off in the Jewish exile of 597 BCE, at age 26. === His mission === With the exile, monarchy and state were annihilated, and a political and national life was no longer possible. In the absence of a worldly foundation it became necessary to build upon a spiritual one. This mission Ezekiel performed by observing the signs of the time and by deducing his doctrines from them. In conformity with the two parts of his book his personality and his preaching are alike twofold. The events of the past must be explained. although God has permitted his city and Temple to be destroyed, and his people to be led into exile. Nonetheless, Ezekiel holds that God is not betraying his people. He asserts that God was compelled to do this because of the sins of the people. Nevertheless, there is no reason to despair for God does not desire the death of the sinner, but his reformation. The Lord will remain the God of Israel, and Israel will remain his people. As soon as Israel recognizes the sovereignty of the Lord and acts accordingly, God will restore the people, in order that they may fulfil their eternal mission and that He may truly dwell in the midst of them. This, however, can not be accomplished until every individual reforms and makes the will of the Lord his law. === Resurrection of the dead === Ezekiel writes about a resurrection of the dead in chapter 37. As early as the second century, however, some authorities declared this resurrection of the dead was a prophetic vision: an opinion regarded by Maimonides (''Guide for the Perplexed'', II:46) and his followers as the only rational explanation of the Biblical passage. ==Authorship== There have been a number of debates that have surrounded this book over the centuries. For the most part there has been little question of the authenticiy of the book, or its authorship, but rather whether it should be included in the biblical Canon. This debate did not stem from any doubt of its inspired message, but rather the fear that the unlearned may misinterpret it. For a time, the first chapter was not to be read in synagogue and the private reading of the prophecy was not allowed until a person's 30th birthday. Up until 1924, no one had questioned the authorship of the book of Ezekiel. For many, it seems clear that the book was written by one person, expressing one train of thought and style. However, in 1924 a theory was developed that 1,103 of the verses in Ezekiel were added at a later date. Since then, the academic community has been split into a number of different camps over the authorship of the book. W. Zimmerli, who has a rather large following, proposes that Ezekiel's original message was influenced by a later school that added a deeper understanding to the prophecies. Other groups, like the one led by M. Greenberg, still tend to see the majority of the work of the book done by Ezekiel himself. ==The purpose of the book== The book of Ezekiel is a record of the prophesying of Ezekiel who delivered these oracles and prophecies orally at first. Most people accept that Ezekiel did play a part in the written record of these visions, possibly with the help of scribes or followers. The book, which is split into three sections based on the time they were written, was mostly written by Ezekiel himself. Ezekiel's writing is one of the most sophisticated of all of the Old Testament prophet. This stems from his training as a priest for the temple, as well as his experience in ministering to the elite members of the nation of Judah. Ezekiel's writing is made up of three distinct levels: an oracle, a continuation and a closing oracle. The first two layers are related in their writing sytle and are both attributed to Ezekiel himself. The third level, however, tends to be different from the first two, and as such is attributed to others who were interested in preserving and updating his work. The book does show many examples of editing done over a period of time by both Ezekiel and others. Most of this work was simply rearranging the order of the oracles to fit the time period to which they applied. == Date == The ''Book of Ezekiel'' can be dated due to Ezekiel's recording of events based on the rule of King Jehoiachin (King of Jerusalem). Ezekiel's records makes it possible to accurately date his life and his time of prophecy due to these references to the reigns of kings. ''Ezekiel'' was originally written in the 25 year period between 593 to 571 B.C. The book seems to be written in two different time periods during Ezekiel's 25 years of prophecy. The first section which is aimed at the upper class of Judah was written between from 593 to 586 B.C. The second section, which runs from 586 to 571, deals with his oracles of salvation for the people. The text records numerous events that allow us to estimate their time in history. The following table lists events in ''Ezekiel'' with their approximate dates. {| |+Dates of Book of Ezekiel |- ! Event !! Verse Reference !! Date |- | Chariot Vision || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/index.php?search=ezekiel%201:1-3&version=49 1:1-3] || June 593 B.C. |- | Call to be a Watchman || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%203:16;&version=49; 3:16] || June 593 |- | Temple Vision ||[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%208:1;&version=49; 8:1] || August/September 592 |- | Discourse with Elders || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2020:1;&version=49; 20:1] || August 591 |- | Second Siege of Jerusalem || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2024:1;&version=49; 24:1] || January 588 |- | Judgment on Tyre || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2026:1;&version=49; 26:1] || March/April 587/586 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2029:1;&version=49; 29:1] || January 587 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2029:17;&version=49; 29:17] || April 571 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2030:20;&version=49; 30:20] || April 587 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2031:1;&version=49; 31:1] || June 587 |- | Lament over Pharaoh || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2032:1;&version=49; 32:1] || March 585 |- | Lament over Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2032:17;&version=49; 32:17] || April 586 |- | Fall of Jerusalem || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2033:21;&version=49; 33:21] || December/January 586/85 |- | New Temple Vision || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2040:1;&version=49; 40:1] || April 573 |} == Ezekiel's hearers == The ''Book of Ezekiel'' was written for the Jewish people living in exile in Babylon. For a people whose custom it was to worship their God, who dwelt in the temple in Jerusalem, being in exile raised some important theological questions for them. The largest question was how they could worship a God that had resided in their temple when they were now in a distant land, cut off from their traditional place of worship. It is to this problem that Ezekiel speaks. Explaining their exile as a punishment for the nations disobedience, Ezekiel explains to the people why they were in exile, and why God would allow the city of Jerusalem to be destroyed. He does, however, offer hope to the people living in exile. Turning to God's promised grace and forgiveness, he spoke words of hope to the people that desperately needed it at the time. Pointing to a day when they would be restored to their land, and once again they would be prosperous, Ezekiel gave hope to a people who had very little of it. Borrowing heavily from earlier prophets and books, Ezekiel sought to comfort the people with the religous texts they were familar with, while giving them new meaning in their time of exile. In a time when the Jewish people were ready to totally turn their backs on the God of their ancestors, Ezekiel sought to show them that their God was still in control of their situation. In their society where their God had lost credibility, and the people were turning away from Him, Ezekiel used his own life and relationship to God as an example to the people of what a right relationship looked like. == Content == ''Ezekiel'' contains three distinct sections. # Judgment on Israel - Ezekiel makes a series of denunciations against his fellow Jews ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%203:22-24;&version=49; 3:22-24]), warning them of the certain destruction of Jerusalem, in opposition to the words of the false prophets ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; 4:1-3]). The symbolic acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204-5;&version=49; Chapters 4 and 5], show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation. (See, for example, Exodus [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2022:30;&version=49; 22:30]; Deuteronomy [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deut%2014:21;&version=49; 14:21]; Leviticus [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%205:2;&version=49; 5:2]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%207:18,24;&version=49; 7:18,24]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2017:15;&version=49; 17:15]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2019:7;&version=49; 19:7]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2022:8;&version=49; 22:8]) # Prophecies against various neighboring nations: against the Ammonites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:1-7;&version=49; Ezek. 25:1-7]), the Moabites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%208-11;&version=49; 8-11]), the Edomites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012-14;&version=49; 12-14]), the Philistines ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015-17;&version=49; 15-17]), Tyre and Sidon ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2026-28;&version=49; 26-28]), and against Egypt ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2029-32;&version=49; 29-32]). # Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2033-39;&version=49; Ezek. 33-39] ); Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2040;48;&version=49; 40;48]). Ezekiel did much of his prophizing through his actions. Instead of coming out and just orally give the people a message, God instructed him to live out his messages in various ways. Each one had a unique and specific meaning to them. He does various things like sketches Jersualem on a brick ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; Ezek. 4:1-3]), Lies on left side for 390 days and right side for 40 ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%204:4-8;&version=49; Ezekiel 4:4-8] ), Shaves his head with a sword, weighs and divides the hair, burning a portion of it, smiting a second portion with a sword and scattering hte third portion ot the winds ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%205:1-12;&version=49; Ezek. 5:1-12]), Digs his way through a wall and takes an exile's baggage with him ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012:1-12;&version=49; Ezek. 12:1-12]), Marks out a route for the Babylonian army with a crossroads that forces the king to cast lots to decide which road to take ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012:18-23;&version=49; Ezek. 21:18-23]), and Loses his wife in death ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:15-24;&version=49; Ezek. 25:15-24]). The closing visions of this book are referred to in the book of Revelation ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2038;&version=49; Ezek. 38] = [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rev%2020:8;&version=49; Rev. 20:8]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2047:1-8;&version=49; Ezek. 47:1-8] = [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rev%2022:1-2;&version=49; Rev. 22:1,2]). Other references to this book are also found in the New Testament. (Compare Epistle to the [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rom%202:24;Ezek%2036:22;&version=49; Romans 2:24 with Ezek. 36:22]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rom%2010:5;Gal%203:12;Ezek%2020:11;&version=49; Rom. 10:5, Galatians 3:12 with Ezek. 20:11]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Peter%203:4;Ezek%2012:22;&version=49; 2 Peter 3:4 with Ezek. 12:22].) Daniel, fourteen years after his deportation from Jerusalem, is mentioned by Ezekiel (14:14) along with Noah and Job (person) as distinguished for his righteousness, and some five years later he is spoken of as pre-eminent for his wisdom (28:3). Ezekiel refers to the Pentateuch (e.g., Ezek. 27; 28:13; 31:8; 36:11, 34; 47:13, etc.) quite often, and shows on a number of occasions that he is familar with the writings of Hosea (Ezek. 37:22), Isaiah (Ezek. 8:12; 29:6), and especially with those of Jeremiah (prophet), his older contemporary (Book of Jeremiah 24:7, 9; 48:37). ==Translations and commentaries on the book of Ezekiel== ===Print translations and commentaries=== (To be added) ===On-line translations and commentaries=== *Judaism translations: ** [http://www.chabad.org/library/archive/LibraryArchive2.asp?AID=16098 Yechezkiel - Ezekiel] from Chabad.org *Christian translations: ** [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel;&version=49; ''Ezekiel'' at BibleGateway.com] (Various translations) ==References== * ''Easton's Bible Dictionary'', 1897. * LaSor, William Sanford et al. ''Old Testament Survey: the Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament''. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1996. * Allen, Leslie C. ''Word Biblical Commentary Volume 28: Ezekiel 1-20''. Word Books Publisher: Dallas TX, 1990 * Allen, Leslie C. ''Word Biblical Commentary Volume 29: Ezekiel 20-48''. Word Books Publisher: Dallas TX, 1990 ==External links== * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=563&letter=E&search=Ezekiel ''Jewish Encyclopedia'']: ''Book of Ezekiel'' * [http://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/shamati_eng/index_shamati_eng.htm ''Shamati''] a book by Yehuda Ashlag *[http://www.sentex.net/~tcc/fezek.html douglas E. Cox "Ezekiel's firmament" 1996] Hebrew Bible/Tanakh prophets Jewish texts/Nevi'im Old Testament books
I removed the "quote". That "quote" from Pulp Fiction isn't actually from Ezekiel, or anywhere else in the bible. The actual text of Ezekiel 25:17 reads: ''And I will execute great vengeance upon them with furious rebukes; and they shall know that I [am] the LORD, when I shall lay my vengeance upon them.'' KJV User:Bodhidharma 02:41, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC) :Listen, I don't know who reverted it, but the first link from Google on "ezekiel 25:17" links to a page showing how the passage from the movie had been cobbled from different places from the bible. User:Bodhidharma :I relize that the quote was used in the movie, but I don't think that warrents a section in an article about the original work. I think it would be an interesting research project to document the use of out of place scripture in modern media...I just don't think this article is the place for it. --User:Jearthoven 03:25, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Yes, that is why ''I'' removed it. User:Bodhidharma -- improvements -- As one of the main writer of the german Ezekiel-Wikipedia i have to say: Congratulation! Maybe it is possible to improve the english article a bit by addition of some theology and more about "what makes Ezekiel so special". TomTom66, 25 March 2005 == Removal of links == I do not see how removing links to some of the various Jewish and Christian translations is an improving edit. It seems like once again someone is trying to make the Chasidic version speak for all of Judaism, which is unfair and inaccurate. While I have no case against the Chasidic version linked, it is hardly the only one or even the most prominent, and many find the Jewish Publication Society version, despite language which many consider to be archaic, to be equally or more accessible. I think that consideration should be given to restoring the removed links, but will wait for comment/consensus for now. User:Rlquall 02:41, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Have I ? If not please do so. Suppressing links to translations is an act that lies somewhere between censorship and vandalism. Unconscionable. --User:Wetman 03:19, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Distinguishing Ezekiel from the ''Book of Ezekiel''== The prophet and the text are separate entities. --User:Wetman 03:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Why split this article into two nearly identical articles? I am, for the moment, reverting the removal of the merge. We have no information on Ezekiel ''except for that found in the Book of Ezekiel''. It thus makes no sense to have a biographical article on him, ''and also'' one separate article on the Book of Ezekiel, because for all intents and purposes they are the same. All that we have on him is from the Book! (Do we have an article on Moby Dick, the whale, and Moby Dick, the book that the whale comes from?) This is no different from our other Wikipedia articles. For instance, we have one article on the Book of Ruth. We do ''not'' have one on ''Ruth'', and a separate one on ''The Book of Ruth''. :There are some historical anomolies here on Wikipedia. The only reason that we had separate articles on Ezra, and on the Book of Ezra, was that they were originally created by different people, who were unaware of the existence of the other article. These need to be merged. :Could we ever develop a need for separating this into two (or more) articles? Sure. We could eventually develop a large section on critical-historical studies of the Book of Ezekiel. If this section became large, say over 15 Kb, then we could spin it off into a new article. We may eventually develop a large section on Jewish or Christian views of Ezkiel. If this section became large, say over 15 Kb, then we could spin it off into a new article. But as the article exists now, each section is small. The article itself is less than 32 Kb. Shouldn't we keep this all together in one article, unless we have a specific reason to separate them? Comments, thoughts? User:RK 20:46, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC) ;I guess the reason for splitting it is just to remain consistant. I realize that some of the other articles are incosistant and clump the author and the work together. However many of these book's authors are different (or numerous). There will be some repeated material in the Ezekiel article no doubt, but in the interest of consistancy, I think it's a good idea. ;And for that matter, maybe we should move all of the things talking about Ezekiel's personality and other references found about him in other scriptures to his own page. I mean he's quoted throughout the bible, and there are many ties back to him from the Christian New Testament. Since he is refered to in other places, wouldn't it make sence to have a seperate article just about him so people could refer to that. Instead of having to search through an article on the book he "wrote" --User:Jearthoven 01:59, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Let's remember, when we say "he's quoted" and instance "ties back to him", that the interpretive uses made by Jews and Christians are uses of the ''text'' of ''Book of Ezekiel'' and do not relate to the historic Ezekiel, except in the sense of the posthumous legendary reputation of the prophet himself, as a exemplary figure. Since it is so difficult to keep the two, the text and the personage, separate in this way, it clearly must be useful to have two articles. Do you see my point? --User:Wetman 02:20, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) ;Yes, I totaly see your point, and agree that hey should be kept as two articles. The point I was trying to make was that it is possible to talk about one without the other, although as you point out it is difficult. Either way, they should remain seperate articles. --User:Jearthoven 00:28, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) User:RK has an agenda here. He apparently hopes that we think the ''Book of Ruth'' was written by Ruth, the character ''in'' the text. [''cetera desunt''] :That is just plain false. I believe no such thing. In fact, you are talking to a guy who accepts the results of higher biblical criticism, including the Documentary hypothesis! User:RK This User is not as naive as he appears, however. The private intention motivating this User is to ensure that no discussion is possible that separates the various authors responsible for the ''Book of Ezekiel'' from the prophet Ezekiel, now rendered without an entry in Wikipedia, thanks to User:RK. The religious politics of Ezekiel, the social background of Ezekiel, these may not be discussed while User:RK bars the way. The other "examples" are too patently spurious to discuss: Moby-Dick indeed! More to the point, one may discuss Mark separately from the text we call the ''Gospel of Mark''. To forbid this is scarcely a sign of a neutral point of view. Wikipedians need to discuss the ''text'' in a neutral atmosphere, without interference. --User:Wetman 23:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Wetman, every one of your claims about me is totally wrong. In fact, my beliefs are precisely the ''opposite'' of the fundamentalist beliefs that you attribute to me. In fact, I totally agree with you that we should have discussion on the various authors responsible for the ''Book of Ezekiel'', as well for as for all the other books of the Bible. It just seemed to me that a discussion of the authorship of ''The Book of Ezekiel'' belongs in that very article. There is no need to read some subtle fundamentalist ploy into this position. Frankly, I welcome critical-historical discussion of all religious topics. User:RK 01:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) I deleted no text, by the way. ''Book of Ezekiel'' concerns a text passed down in several manuscript traditions, with a literary style that needs to be discussed by grown-ups, a position at the fountainhead of apocalyptic literature, usage made in the New Testament, etc etc. Ezekiel concerns a historic figure whose personality and agenda can be detected through his reported actions and the text attributed to him, and set agains concerns of his contemporaries. Insisting on throwing the two articles together is sleighht-of-hand that does no credit to the rest of us. Geoffrey Chaucer too is known through his literature, with a couple of insignificant documentary references. May we discuss the courtier Chaucer separately from ''Canterbury Tales'' or are we to be bullied? --User:Wetman 00:03, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Wetman write "with a literary style that needs to be discussed by grown-ups" Then you imp,y that I am promoting a fundamentalist agenda by "sleight of hand". Not only are your claims wrong (my beliefs are precisely the opposite of what you claim) - they constitute a personal attack. Please do not do this. User:RK 01:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) I agree. I originally updated this article as an article on the Book of Ezekiel, not about the author of Ezekiel. The fact is that Ezekiel may not have been the full author of the work. THere is a chance that since he was a oral prophet that someone else did the majority of his writting. LIke many other books in the Old Testament, there was even a school or a following of the prophet who edited his work before it became Jewish Cannon. We have to seperate teh author because of this. I think it would be correct for all articles on the scriptures to have a seperate article on the author for this very reason. As in Ruth...she wasn't likly the authro of the book. And books like the Psalms...they weren't all written by David...these books had multiple authors, and for the sake of consistancy they should all have seperate articles on Wikipedia for the Book contents and the Author. If someone wrote a autobiography you would have an aritcle here about the person, and one to critque the book. Same thing for Biblical Books --User:Jearthoven 00:12, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Thank you for having a rational argument on this topic. It was tiring seeing bizarre personal attacks from Wetman. Let us now get the views of several other people on this topic. User:RK 00:34, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) ::If Wetman's harsh analysis of this all-too-familiar motivation was off-mark in this particular case, what then was the ''authentic'' motivation? ''Tidiness''? ''Service to the Wikipedia reader''? --User:Wetman 00:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::See my above comments. User:RK 01:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) ''Note: For my post, concerning this User's technique to ensure that no discussion is possible that separates the various authors responsible for the ''Book of Ezekiel'' from the prophet Ezekiel, which has now been suppressed by User:RK, click on the highlighted text to see the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Book_of_Ezekiel&oldid=12279750 History of this page, as of April 13]. I need hardly comment further upon such an action, which speaks for itself. --User:Wetman 01:41, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)'' (Text silently reappeared.) :Wetman, what in the world are you talking about? I have already told you that I agree with you. I agree that articles on Biblical books should have sections on this very topic. Why do you keep telling people that I believe otherwise? Why do you refuse to take "Yes" for an answer? I don't understand any of the things that you have been writing about me. In fact, as far as I can tell, I agree with you on the inclusion on each of the historical points that you think are worth discussing. So what is going on? User:RK 01:44, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) The point is bluntly that it is axiomatic in Wikipedia, and universal in adult discourse, that biographies of authors and their milieu and their personality etc are treated separately from texts, even those that may bear an attribution in their very title. Compare the sometimes furtive attempts to confuse John with ''Gospel of John''. There is almost always a tacit motivation in such conflations: then have I erred in your exceptional case? I am harsh, and I have learned not to be too trusting about "good faith" in matters especially of nationalism and Christianism. But I have no idea what people believe, just what they do. Thank you for returning my text you deleted. Over and out. --User:Wetman 02:20, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Ok, I see what you mean. The ironic thing is that I agree with you on these historical issues. Just take care to note that most Wikipedia contributors are not even aware of the debate on these issues. Even among those who are otherwise critical and skeptical thinkers, many people assume that the author of the Book of Ruth is Ruth, that the author of the Gospel of John was John, etc. They don't know that historians view this otherwise. It might be a good idea if you write a boilerplate paragraph on this issue? You can use that paragraph whenever this situation comes up, thus alerting and educating the new contributor. User:RK 13:58, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) == History == My history may be a bit rusty, so I thought I'd ask before making the change. Was King Jehoiachin the King of Jerusalem (as indicated in the article) or was he actually the King of the Judah? :Jerusalem was the capital of Judah. The king was king at Jerusalem. --User:Wetman 22:46, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) Yeah...I don't think there really is too much of a difference. I've seen litature that uses both. --User:Jearthoven 00:12, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) Apparently by the time of the Babylonian Captivity, the Kingdom of Judah had been reduced to little more than Jerusalem and its immediate environs, so by this point the two titles ("King of Jerusalem" and "King of Judah") were essentially interchangeable. User:Rlquall 03:35, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Book of Ezekiel== Every word about the text should be here, unedited. All about the prophet should be at Ezekiel. I hope I haven't dropped a word. --User:Wetman 08:49, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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Book of Ezekiel
: ''This article is about the ''Book of Ezekiel. See also Ezekiel, the prophet . For other meanings, see Ezekiel (disambiguation).'' ---- The Book of Ezekiel is a book of the Jewish Hebrew Bible as well as the Christian Old Testament, attributed to the prophet Ezekiel (יְחֶזְקֵאל "Elohim will strengthen", Standard Hebrew Yəḥezqel, Tiberian Hebrew Yəḥezqêl) who is regarded by both Jews and Christians as a prophet. ==The author Ezekiel== :''Main article Ezekiel''. What little personal information is presented in the text about the prophet is discussed at Ezekiel. We do know he was a priest in the temple at Jerusalem, the son of a priest, and that he had a wife prior to being carried off in the Jewish exile of 597 BCE, at age 26. === His mission === With the exile, monarchy and state were annihilated, and a political and national life was no longer possible. In the absence of a worldly foundation it became necessary to build upon a spiritual one. This mission Ezekiel performed by observing the signs of the time and by deducing his doctrines from them. In conformity with the two parts of his book his personality and his preaching are alike twofold. The events of the past must be explained. although God has permitted his city and Temple to be destroyed, and his people to be led into exile. Nonetheless, Ezekiel holds that God is not betraying his people. He asserts that God was compelled to do this because of the sins of the people. Nevertheless, there is no reason to despair for God does not desire the death of the sinner, but his reformation. The Lord will remain the God of Israel, and Israel will remain his people. As soon as Israel recognizes the sovereignty of the Lord and acts accordingly, God will restore the people, in order that they may fulfil their eternal mission and that He may truly dwell in the midst of them. This, however, can not be accomplished until every individual reforms and makes the will of the Lord his law. === Resurrection of the dead === Ezekiel writes about a resurrection of the dead in chapter 37. As early as the second century, however, some authorities declared this resurrection of the dead was a prophetic vision: an opinion regarded by Maimonides (''Guide for the Perplexed'', II:46) and his followers as the only rational explanation of the Biblical passage. ==Authorship== There have been a number of debates that have surrounded this book over the centuries. For the most part there has been little question of the authenticiy of the book, or its authorship, but rather whether it should be included in the biblical Canon. This debate did not stem from any doubt of its inspired message, but rather the fear that the unlearned may misinterpret it. For a time, the first chapter was not to be read in synagogue and the private reading of the prophecy was not allowed until a person's 30th birthday. Up until 1924, no one had questioned the authorship of the book of Ezekiel. For many, it seems clear that the book was written by one person, expressing one train of thought and style. However, in 1924 a theory was developed that 1,103 of the verses in Ezekiel were added at a later date. Since then, the academic community has been split into a number of different camps over the authorship of the book. W. Zimmerli, who has a rather large following, proposes that Ezekiel's original message was influenced by a later school that added a deeper understanding to the prophecies. Other groups, like the one led by M. Greenberg, still tend to see the majority of the work of the book done by Ezekiel himself. ==The purpose of the book== The book of Ezekiel is a record of the prophesying of Ezekiel who delivered these oracles and prophecies orally at first. Most people accept that Ezekiel did play a part in the written record of these visions, possibly with the help of scribes or followers. The book, which is split into three sections based on the time they were written, was mostly written by Ezekiel himself. Ezekiel's writing is one of the most sophisticated of all of the Old Testament prophet. This stems from his training as a priest for the temple, as well as his experience in ministering to the elite members of the nation of Judah. Ezekiel's writing is made up of three distinct levels: an oracle, a continuation and a closing oracle. The first two layers are related in their writing sytle and are both attributed to Ezekiel himself. The third level, however, tends to be different from the first two, and as such is attributed to others who were interested in preserving and updating his work. The book does show many examples of editing done over a period of time by both Ezekiel and others. Most of this work was simply rearranging the order of the oracles to fit the time period to which they applied. == Date == The ''Book of Ezekiel'' can be dated due to Ezekiel's recording of events based on the rule of King Jehoiachin (King of Jerusalem). Ezekiel's records makes it possible to accurately date his life and his time of prophecy due to these references to the reigns of kings. ''Ezekiel'' was originally written in the 25 year period between 593 to 571 B.C. The book seems to be written in two different time periods during Ezekiel's 25 years of prophecy. The first section which is aimed at the upper class of Judah was written between from 593 to 586 B.C. The second section, which runs from 586 to 571, deals with his oracles of salvation for the people. The text records numerous events that allow us to estimate their time in history. The following table lists events in ''Ezekiel'' with their approximate dates. {| |+Dates of Book of Ezekiel |- ! Event !! Verse Reference !! Date |- | Chariot Vision || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/index.php?search=ezekiel%201:1-3&version=49 1:1-3] || June 593 B.C. |- | Call to be a Watchman || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%203:16;&version=49; 3:16] || June 593 |- | Temple Vision ||[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%208:1;&version=49; 8:1] || August/September 592 |- | Discourse with Elders || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2020:1;&version=49; 20:1] || August 591 |- | Second Siege of Jerusalem || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2024:1;&version=49; 24:1] || January 588 |- | Judgment on Tyre || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2026:1;&version=49; 26:1] || March/April 587/586 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2029:1;&version=49; 29:1] || January 587 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2029:17;&version=49; 29:17] || April 571 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2030:20;&version=49; 30:20] || April 587 |- | Judgment on Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2031:1;&version=49; 31:1] || June 587 |- | Lament over Pharaoh || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2032:1;&version=49; 32:1] || March 585 |- | Lament over Egypt || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2032:17;&version=49; 32:17] || April 586 |- | Fall of Jerusalem || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2033:21;&version=49; 33:21] || December/January 586/85 |- | New Temple Vision || [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%2040:1;&version=49; 40:1] || April 573 |} == Ezekiel's hearers == The ''Book of Ezekiel'' was written for the Jewish people living in exile in Babylon. For a people whose custom it was to worship their God, who dwelt in the temple in Jerusalem, being in exile raised some important theological questions for them. The largest question was how they could worship a God that had resided in their temple when they were now in a distant land, cut off from their traditional place of worship. It is to this problem that Ezekiel speaks. Explaining their exile as a punishment for the nations disobedience, Ezekiel explains to the people why they were in exile, and why God would allow the city of Jerusalem to be destroyed. He does, however, offer hope to the people living in exile. Turning to God's promised grace and forgiveness, he spoke words of hope to the people that desperately needed it at the time. Pointing to a day when they would be restored to their land, and once again they would be prosperous, Ezekiel gave hope to a people who had very little of it. Borrowing heavily from earlier prophets and books, Ezekiel sought to comfort the people with the religous texts they were familar with, while giving them new meaning in their time of exile. In a time when the Jewish people were ready to totally turn their backs on the God of their ancestors, Ezekiel sought to show them that their God was still in control of their situation. In their society where their God had lost credibility, and the people were turning away from Him, Ezekiel used his own life and relationship to God as an example to the people of what a right relationship looked like. == Content == ''Ezekiel'' contains three distinct sections. # Judgment on Israel - Ezekiel makes a series of denunciations against his fellow Jews ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%203:22-24;&version=49; 3:22-24]), warning them of the certain destruction of Jerusalem, in opposition to the words of the false prophets ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; 4:1-3]). The symbolic acts, by which the extremities to which Jerusalem would be reduced are described in [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel%204-5;&version=49; Chapters 4 and 5], show his intimate acquaintance with the Levitical legislation. (See, for example, Exodus [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2022:30;&version=49; 22:30]; Deuteronomy [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deut%2014:21;&version=49; 14:21]; Leviticus [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%205:2;&version=49; 5:2]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%207:18,24;&version=49; 7:18,24]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2017:15;&version=49; 17:15]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2019:7;&version=49; 19:7]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Lev%2022:8;&version=49; 22:8]) # Prophecies against various neighboring nations: against the Ammonites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:1-7;&version=49; Ezek. 25:1-7]), the Moabites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%208-11;&version=49; 8-11]), the Edomites ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012-14;&version=49; 12-14]), the Philistines ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2015-17;&version=49; 15-17]), Tyre and Sidon ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2026-28;&version=49; 26-28]), and against Egypt ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2029-32;&version=49; 29-32]). # Prophecies delivered after the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II: the triumphs of Israel and of the kingdom of God on earth ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2033-39;&version=49; Ezek. 33-39] ); Messianic times, and the establishment and prosperity of the kingdom of God ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2040;48;&version=49; 40;48]). Ezekiel did much of his prophizing through his actions. Instead of coming out and just orally give the people a message, God instructed him to live out his messages in various ways. Each one had a unique and specific meaning to them. He does various things like sketches Jersualem on a brick ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%204:1-3;&version=49; Ezek. 4:1-3]), Lies on left side for 390 days and right side for 40 ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%204:4-8;&version=49; Ezekiel 4:4-8] ), Shaves his head with a sword, weighs and divides the hair, burning a portion of it, smiting a second portion with a sword and scattering hte third portion ot the winds ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%205:1-12;&version=49; Ezek. 5:1-12]), Digs his way through a wall and takes an exile's baggage with him ( [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012:1-12;&version=49; Ezek. 12:1-12]), Marks out a route for the Babylonian army with a crossroads that forces the king to cast lots to decide which road to take ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2012:18-23;&version=49; Ezek. 21:18-23]), and Loses his wife in death ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2025:15-24;&version=49; Ezek. 25:15-24]). The closing visions of this book are referred to in the book of Revelation ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2038;&version=49; Ezek. 38] = [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rev%2020:8;&version=49; Rev. 20:8]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel%2047:1-8;&version=49; Ezek. 47:1-8] = [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rev%2022:1-2;&version=49; Rev. 22:1,2]). Other references to this book are also found in the New Testament. (Compare Epistle to the [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rom%202:24;Ezek%2036:22;&version=49; Romans 2:24 with Ezek. 36:22]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rom%2010:5;Gal%203:12;Ezek%2020:11;&version=49; Rom. 10:5, Galatians 3:12 with Ezek. 20:11]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Peter%203:4;Ezek%2012:22;&version=49; 2 Peter 3:4 with Ezek. 12:22].) Daniel, fourteen years after his deportation from Jerusalem, is mentioned by Ezekiel (14:14) along with Noah and Job (person) as distinguished for his righteousness, and some five years later he is spoken of as pre-eminent for his wisdom (28:3). Ezekiel refers to the Pentateuch (e.g., Ezek. 27; 28:13; 31:8; 36:11, 34; 47:13, etc.) quite often, and shows on a number of occasions that he is familar with the writings of Hosea (Ezek. 37:22), Isaiah (Ezek. 8:12; 29:6), and especially with those of Jeremiah (prophet), his older contemporary (Book of Jeremiah 24:7, 9; 48:37). ==Translations and commentaries on the book of Ezekiel== ===Print translations and commentaries=== (To be added) ===On-line translations and commentaries=== *Judaism translations: ** [http://www.chabad.org/library/archive/LibraryArchive2.asp?AID=16098 Yechezkiel - Ezekiel] from Chabad.org *Christian translations: ** [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ezekiel;&version=49; ''Ezekiel'' at BibleGateway.com] (Various translations) ==References== * ''Easton's Bible Dictionary'', 1897. * LaSor, William Sanford et al. ''Old Testament Survey: the Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament''. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1996. * Allen, Leslie C. ''Word Biblical Commentary Volume 28: Ezekiel 1-20''. Word Books Publisher: Dallas TX, 1990 * Allen, Leslie C. ''Word Biblical Commentary Volume 29: Ezekiel 20-48''. Word Books Publisher: Dallas TX, 1990 ==External links== * [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=563&letter=E&search=Ezekiel ''Jewish Encyclopedia'']: ''Book of Ezekiel'' * [http://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/shamati_eng/index_shamati_eng.htm ''Shamati''] a book by Yehuda Ashlag *[http://www.sentex.net/~tcc/fezek.html douglas E. Cox "Ezekiel's firmament" 1996] Hebrew Bible/Tanakh prophets Jewish texts/Nevi'im Old Testament books
Book of Ezekiel
I removed the "quote". That "quote" from Pulp Fiction isn't actually from Ezekiel, or anywhere else in the bible. The actual text of Ezekiel 25:17 reads: ''And I will execute great vengeance upon them with furious rebukes; and they shall know that I [am] the LORD, when I shall lay my vengeance upon them.'' KJV User:Bodhidharma 02:41, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC) :Listen, I don't know who reverted it, but the first link from Google on "ezekiel 25:17" links to a page showing how the passage from the movie had been cobbled from different places from the bible. User:Bodhidharma :I relize that the quote was used in the movie, but I don't think that warrents a section in an article about the original work. I think it would be an interesting research project to document the use of out of place scripture in modern media...I just don't think this article is the place for it. --User:Jearthoven 03:25, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Yes, that is why ''I'' removed it. User:Bodhidharma -- improvements -- As one of the main writer of the german Ezekiel-Wikipedia i have to say: Congratulation! Maybe it is possible to improve the english article a bit by addition of some theology and more about "what makes Ezekiel so special". TomTom66, 25 March 2005 == Removal of links == I do not see how removing links to some of the various Jewish and Christian translations is an improving edit. It seems like once again someone is trying to make the Chasidic version speak for all of Judaism, which is unfair and inaccurate. While I have no case against the Chasidic version linked, it is hardly the only one or even the most prominent, and many find the Jewish Publication Society version, despite language which many consider to be archaic, to be equally or more accessible. I think that consideration should be given to restoring the removed links, but will wait for comment/consensus for now. User:Rlquall 02:41, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Have I ? If not please do so. Suppressing links to translations is an act that lies somewhere between censorship and vandalism. Unconscionable. --User:Wetman 03:19, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Distinguishing Ezekiel from the ''Book of Ezekiel''== The prophet and the text are separate entities. --User:Wetman 03:11, 10 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Why split this article into two nearly identical articles? I am, for the moment, reverting the removal of the merge. We have no information on Ezekiel ''except for that found in the Book of Ezekiel''. It thus makes no sense to have a biographical article on him, ''and also'' one separate article on the Book of Ezekiel, because for all intents and purposes they are the same. All that we have on him is from the Book! (Do we have an article on Moby Dick, the whale, and Moby Dick, the book that the whale comes from?) This is no different from our other Wikipedia articles. For instance, we have one article on the Book of Ruth. We do ''not'' have one on ''Ruth'', and a separate one on ''The Book of Ruth''. :There are some historical anomolies here on Wikipedia. The only reason that we had separate articles on Ezra, and on the Book of Ezra, was that they were originally created by different people, who were unaware of the existence of the other article. These need to be merged. :Could we ever develop a need for separating this into two (or more) articles? Sure. We could eventually develop a large section on critical-historical studies of the Book of Ezekiel. If this section became large, say over 15 Kb, then we could spin it off into a new article. We may eventually develop a large section on Jewish or Christian views of Ezkiel. If this section became large, say over 15 Kb, then we could spin it off into a new article. But as the article exists now, each section is small. The article itself is less than 32 Kb. Shouldn't we keep this all together in one article, unless we have a specific reason to separate them? Comments, thoughts? User:RK 20:46, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC) ;I guess the reason for splitting it is just to remain consistant. I realize that some of the other articles are incosistant and clump the author and the work together. However many of these book's authors are different (or numerous). There will be some repeated material in the Ezekiel article no doubt, but in the interest of consistancy, I think it's a good idea. ;And for that matter, maybe we should move all of the things talking about Ezekiel's personality and other references found about him in other scriptures to his own page. I mean he's quoted throughout the bible, and there are many ties back to him from the Christian New Testament. Since he is refered to in other places, wouldn't it make sence to have a seperate article just about him so people could refer to that. Instead of having to search through an article on the book he "wrote" --User:Jearthoven 01:59, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Let's remember, when we say "he's quoted" and instance "ties back to him", that the interpretive uses made by Jews and Christians are uses of the ''text'' of ''Book of Ezekiel'' and do not relate to the historic Ezekiel, except in the sense of the posthumous legendary reputation of the prophet himself, as a exemplary figure. Since it is so difficult to keep the two, the text and the personage, separate in this way, it clearly must be useful to have two articles. Do you see my point? --User:Wetman 02:20, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) ;Yes, I totaly see your point, and agree that hey should be kept as two articles. The point I was trying to make was that it is possible to talk about one without the other, although as you point out it is difficult. Either way, they should remain seperate articles. --User:Jearthoven 00:28, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC) User:RK has an agenda here. He apparently hopes that we think the ''Book of Ruth'' was written by Ruth, the character ''in'' the text. [''cetera desunt''] :That is just plain false. I believe no such thing. In fact, you are talking to a guy who accepts the results of higher biblical criticism, including the Documentary hypothesis! User:RK This User is not as naive as he appears, however. The private intention motivating this User is to ensure that no discussion is possible that separates the various authors responsible for the ''Book of Ezekiel'' from the prophet Ezekiel, now rendered without an entry in Wikipedia, thanks to User:RK. The religious politics of Ezekiel, the social background of Ezekiel, these may not be discussed while User:RK bars the way. The other "examples" are too patently spurious to discuss: Moby-Dick indeed! More to the point, one may discuss Mark separately from the text we call the ''Gospel of Mark''. To forbid this is scarcely a sign of a neutral point of view. Wikipedians need to discuss the ''text'' in a neutral atmosphere, without interference. --User:Wetman 23:52, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Wetman, every one of your claims about me is totally wrong. In fact, my beliefs are precisely the ''opposite'' of the fundamentalist beliefs that you attribute to me. In fact, I totally agree with you that we should have discussion on the various authors responsible for the ''Book of Ezekiel'', as well for as for all the other books of the Bible. It just seemed to me that a discussion of the authorship of ''The Book of Ezekiel'' belongs in that very article. There is no need to read some subtle fundamentalist ploy into this position. Frankly, I welcome critical-historical discussion of all religious topics. User:RK 01:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) I deleted no text, by the way. ''Book of Ezekiel'' concerns a text passed down in several manuscript traditions, with a literary style that needs to be discussed by grown-ups, a position at the fountainhead of apocalyptic literature, usage made in the New Testament, etc etc. Ezekiel concerns a historic figure whose personality and agenda can be detected through his reported actions and the text attributed to him, and set agains concerns of his contemporaries. Insisting on throwing the two articles together is sleighht-of-hand that does no credit to the rest of us. Geoffrey Chaucer too is known through his literature, with a couple of insignificant documentary references. May we discuss the courtier Chaucer separately from ''Canterbury Tales'' or are we to be bullied? --User:Wetman 00:03, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Wetman write "with a literary style that needs to be discussed by grown-ups" Then you imp,y that I am promoting a fundamentalist agenda by "sleight of hand". Not only are your claims wrong (my beliefs are precisely the opposite of what you claim) - they constitute a personal attack. Please do not do this. User:RK 01:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) I agree. I originally updated this article as an article on the Book of Ezekiel, not about the author of Ezekiel. The fact is that Ezekiel may not have been the full author of the work. THere is a chance that since he was a oral prophet that someone else did the majority of his writting. LIke many other books in the Old Testament, there was even a school or a following of the prophet who edited his work before it became Jewish Cannon. We have to seperate teh author because of this. I think it would be correct for all articles on the scriptures to have a seperate article on the author for this very reason. As in Ruth...she wasn't likly the authro of the book. And books like the Psalms...they weren't all written by David...these books had multiple authors, and for the sake of consistancy they should all have seperate articles on Wikipedia for the Book contents and the Author. If someone wrote a autobiography you would have an aritcle here about the person, and one to critque the book. Same thing for Biblical Books --User:Jearthoven 00:12, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Thank you for having a rational argument on this topic. It was tiring seeing bizarre personal attacks from Wetman. Let us now get the views of several other people on this topic. User:RK 00:34, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) ::If Wetman's harsh analysis of this all-too-familiar motivation was off-mark in this particular case, what then was the ''authentic'' motivation? ''Tidiness''? ''Service to the Wikipedia reader''? --User:Wetman 00:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::See my above comments. User:RK 01:39, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) ''Note: For my post, concerning this User's technique to ensure that no discussion is possible that separates the various authors responsible for the ''Book of Ezekiel'' from the prophet Ezekiel, which has now been suppressed by User:RK, click on the highlighted text to see the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Book_of_Ezekiel&oldid=12279750 History of this page, as of April 13]. I need hardly comment further upon such an action, which speaks for itself. --User:Wetman 01:41, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)'' (Text silently reappeared.) :Wetman, what in the world are you talking about? I have already told you that I agree with you. I agree that articles on Biblical books should have sections on this very topic. Why do you keep telling people that I believe otherwise? Why do you refuse to take "Yes" for an answer? I don't understand any of the things that you have been writing about me. In fact, as far as I can tell, I agree with you on the inclusion on each of the historical points that you think are worth discussing. So what is going on? User:RK 01:44, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) The point is bluntly that it is axiomatic in Wikipedia, and universal in adult discourse, that biographies of authors and their milieu and their personality etc are treated separately from texts, even those that may bear an attribution in their very title. Compare the sometimes furtive attempts to confuse John with ''Gospel of John''. There is almost always a tacit motivation in such conflations: then have I erred in your exceptional case? I am harsh, and I have learned not to be too trusting about "good faith" in matters especially of nationalism and Christianism. But I have no idea what people believe, just what they do. Thank you for returning my text you deleted. Over and out. --User:Wetman 02:20, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) :Ok, I see what you mean. The ironic thing is that I agree with you on these historical issues. Just take care to note that most Wikipedia contributors are not even aware of the debate on these issues. Even among those who are otherwise critical and skeptical thinkers, many people assume that the author of the Book of Ruth is Ruth, that the author of the Gospel of John was John, etc. They don't know that historians view this otherwise. It might be a good idea if you write a boilerplate paragraph on this issue? You can use that paragraph whenever this situation comes up, thus alerting and educating the new contributor. User:RK 13:58, Apr 14, 2005 (UTC) == History == My history may be a bit rusty, so I thought I'd ask before making the change. Was King Jehoiachin the King of Jerusalem (as indicated in the article) or was he actually the King of the Judah? :Jerusalem was the capital of Judah. The king was king at Jerusalem. --User:Wetman 22:46, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC) Yeah...I don't think there really is too much of a difference. I've seen litature that uses both. --User:Jearthoven 00:12, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC) Apparently by the time of the Babylonian Captivity, the Kingdom of Judah had been reduced to little more than Jerusalem and its immediate environs, so by this point the two titles ("King of Jerusalem" and "King of Judah") were essentially interchangeable. User:Rlquall 03:35, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC) ==Book of Ezekiel== Every word about the text should be here, unedited. All about the prophet should be at Ezekiel. I hope I haven't dropped a word. --User:Wetman 08:49, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)
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