
Bataliony Chłopskie (BCh, Polish language ''Peasants' Battalions'') was a Poland World War II resistance movement and partisan organisation. The organisation was created in mid-1940 by the Stronnictwo Ludowe party and by 1944 was partially integrated with the Armia Krajowa. At its height, the organisation had 175 000 members. ==History== Initially after the occupation of Poland by the Soviet Union and Germany, the peasant parties were reluctant to forming their own armed resistance forces. Since mid-1940 several smaller groups were formed, mostly for self-defence of Polish peasants against German terror and economical policies. Most of members of peasant parties grouped in CKRL (''Central Directorate of Peasant Movement'') who received military training before the war were transferred to other armed resistance organisations, most notably to Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej. However, in early 1941 it was decided that an armed force be created. The core of the newly-formed BCh came from the earlier organisation Chlostra (an acronym of ''Chłopska Straż'' - Peasants' Guard), as well as from other underground organisations of the peasant movement, such as Związek Młodzieży Wiejskiej (''Association of Peasant Youth''), Chłopska Organizacja Wolności "Racławice" (''Peasant Freedom Organisation "Raclawice"'') and Centralny Związek Młodej Wsi "Siew" (''Central Union of Village Youth "Sowing"''). The structure of the BCh was based on pre-war administrational division of Poland. Areas were roughly correspondent to pre-war Voivodships of Poland, and were further divided onto districts (based on powiats) and commune-based units. By mid-1943 10 areas were formed: :# Warsaw :# Warsaw Voivodship :# Kielce :# Lublin :# Lodz :# Kraków, Rzeszów, Silesia :# Bialystok :# Volhynia :# Lwów, Stanislawow, Tarnopol :# Poznan Each of the areas fielded its own armed units. The units were basically of two types: # territorial militias - created for self-defence, sabotage and preparation of future all-national uprising # tactical units - strictly militarised, created for use as the core of the future all-national uprising The units of the latter type were later mostly joined with the Armia Krajowa. The commander of the BCh was Franciszek Kaminski, his chiefs of staff were Kazimierz Banach (until 1942) and S. Koter. During the process of unification of Polish underground, large part (approximately 50 000 men) of the BCh soldiers was integrated by the Government Delegate's Office at Home with Armia Krajowa and Panstwowy Korpus Bezpieczenstwa. Also, by early 1943 part of the tactical units were transformed into Special Units specialised in diversion and reprisal actions. In March 1944 the Bataliony Chłopskie had approximately 175 000 members grouped in 69 units. However, the full unification with the Armia Krajowa did not occur until the end of the war. After Poland was seized by the Red Army, elements of BCh started to cooperate with the communist-backed Armia Ludowa, while the majority remained loyal to the Polish Government in Exile. However, the incoming end of the war, as well as informations of the Yalta Conference made further resistance futile and on April 2, 1945 most of the Bataliony Chłopskie units came out from the underground. Some of the soldiers were arrested by the communists, while others joined the reestablished Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe of Stanislaw Mikolajczyk. Formally the Bataliony Chłopskie were dissolved in September 1945. ==Tasks and actions== The main tasks of Bataliony Chłopskie were: :# Defence of the peasants against German economical exploits :# Defence of peasants against expulsions :# Self-defence against German terror :# Aid to the expelled, families of German slaves, Jews and intelligentsia The first major action of armed resistance started in late 1942 when the Zamosc area, due to its fertile black soil, was chosen for German colonisation as part of Generalplan Ost. Polish farmers were expropriated and forcibly expelled from the farms amidst great brutality and their farms were handed over to German settlers. Children were taken separately and after racial scrutiny send over to Germany to be raised in German families. After several major battles against German units (the most notable being the battles of Wojda, Róża and Zaboreczno), the Germans had to halt the action and in the end very few German settlers were brought to the area. Other actions include liberating prisoners from prisons in Pinczow and Krasnystaw as well as sinking German river patrol ship Tannenberg on the Vistula. ==See also:== * History of Poland (1939-1945) Polish history World War II resistance movements Military of Poland
==Fact or Propaganda?== German Slaves? German Terrorism? Economical Exploitation? Come on people. These words, in their modern usage, is simply inaccurate. There were no slaves, in the truest sense of the word. If the History of Poland article referred to the Slavs as Slaves during Communist occupation, I would accept the usage. Clearly that is not the case. Talk about what this group did, not what they supposedly were fighting against. The Germans didn't have much time or opportunity to worry about the "peasants". Fighting a multifront war tends to do that. This article reaks of communist propaganda, but at the same time makes no mention of how the entire polish resistence was deported to Siberia after the war. ::Hmmm? Strange... Ok, point by point: :# ''German Slaves?'' - yup. Slave workers to be precise. How else could you call people deprived of all rights and freedom and forced to do hard labour for no payment and low food rations? :# ''German Terrorism?'' - I can't find that in the text, where is it? :# ''Economical Exploitation?'' - what's wrong with that? The German authorities imposed on Polish farmers extremely high delivery quotas. The peasants had to deliver a huge percent of their production to the Germans - or else they could be shot on the spot or sent to concentration camps. The alternative would be to deliver all the Germans wanted - and starve. If that's not economical exploitation - then what is? :# ''referred to the Slavs as Slaves during Communist occupation'' - clearly you should check the wikipedia article on Slavery. :# ''Talk about what this group did, not what they supposedly were fighting against'' - but these were its aims. In my honest oppinion it's much better to sate the general aims, than to list all actions like "On September 18, 1944, the BCh handed over 200 kg of grain to Jane Doe and 250 zlotys to the family of John Doe sent to German concentration camp. The following day the BCh provided the Kowalski family with garment stolen from the German transport..." - and so on. :# ''The Germans didn't have much time or opportunity to worry about the "peasants"'' - ??? could you elaborate that? I'm afraid that I don't understand your statement. :# ''This article reaks of communist propaganda, but at the same time makes no mention of how the entire polish resistence was deported to Siberia after the war.'' - where? BCh itself was not closer to the commies than Adolf Hitler himself, and it was not loved by the commies after the war either. However, since the BCh was demobilised relatively quickly and most of the soldiers at first joined the PSL, the level of repressions aimed at former BCh soldiers was much lower than the terror against Armia Krajowa. And it is not true that "entire Polish resistance was deported to Siberia", there would be barely anyone left here... --User:HalibuttUser_Talk:Halibutt">User:Halibutt|User:HalibuttUser Talk:Halibutt 21:18, Nov 2, 2004 (UTC)
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Bataliony Chlopskie
Bataliony Chłopskie (BCh, Polish language ''Peasants' Battalions'') was a Poland World War II resistance movement and partisan organisation. The organisation was created in mid-1940 by the Stronnictwo Ludowe party and by 1944 was partially integrated with the Armia Krajowa. At its height, the organisation had 175 000 members. ==History== Initially after the occupation of Poland by the Soviet Union and Germany, the peasant parties were reluctant to forming their own armed resistance forces. Since mid-1940 several smaller groups were formed, mostly for self-defence of Polish peasants against German terror and economical policies. Most of members of peasant parties grouped in CKRL (''Central Directorate of Peasant Movement'') who received military training before the war were transferred to other armed resistance organisations, most notably to Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej. However, in early 1941 it was decided that an armed force be created. The core of the newly-formed BCh came from the earlier organisation Chlostra (an acronym of ''Chłopska Straż'' - Peasants' Guard), as well as from other underground organisations of the peasant movement, such as Związek Młodzieży Wiejskiej (''Association of Peasant Youth''), Chłopska Organizacja Wolności "Racławice" (''Peasant Freedom Organisation "Raclawice"'') and Centralny Związek Młodej Wsi "Siew" (''Central Union of Village Youth "Sowing"''). The structure of the BCh was based on pre-war administrational division of Poland. Areas were roughly correspondent to pre-war Voivodships of Poland, and were further divided onto districts (based on powiats) and commune-based units. By mid-1943 10 areas were formed: :# Warsaw :# Warsaw Voivodship :# Kielce :# Lublin :# Lodz :# Kraków, Rzeszów, Silesia :# Bialystok :# Volhynia :# Lwów, Stanislawow, Tarnopol :# Poznan Each of the areas fielded its own armed units. The units were basically of two types: # territorial militias - created for self-defence, sabotage and preparation of future all-national uprising # tactical units - strictly militarised, created for use as the core of the future all-national uprising The units of the latter type were later mostly joined with the Armia Krajowa. The commander of the BCh was Franciszek Kaminski, his chiefs of staff were Kazimierz Banach (until 1942) and S. Koter. During the process of unification of Polish underground, large part (approximately 50 000 men) of the BCh soldiers was integrated by the Government Delegate's Office at Home with Armia Krajowa and Panstwowy Korpus Bezpieczenstwa. Also, by early 1943 part of the tactical units were transformed into Special Units specialised in diversion and reprisal actions. In March 1944 the Bataliony Chłopskie had approximately 175 000 members grouped in 69 units. However, the full unification with the Armia Krajowa did not occur until the end of the war. After Poland was seized by the Red Army, elements of BCh started to cooperate with the communist-backed Armia Ludowa, while the majority remained loyal to the Polish Government in Exile. However, the incoming end of the war, as well as informations of the Yalta Conference made further resistance futile and on April 2, 1945 most of the Bataliony Chłopskie units came out from the underground. Some of the soldiers were arrested by the communists, while others joined the reestablished Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe of Stanislaw Mikolajczyk. Formally the Bataliony Chłopskie were dissolved in September 1945. ==Tasks and actions== The main tasks of Bataliony Chłopskie were: :# Defence of the peasants against German economical exploits :# Defence of peasants against expulsions :# Self-defence against German terror :# Aid to the expelled, families of German slaves, Jews and intelligentsia The first major action of armed resistance started in late 1942 when the Zamosc area, due to its fertile black soil, was chosen for German colonisation as part of Generalplan Ost. Polish farmers were expropriated and forcibly expelled from the farms amidst great brutality and their farms were handed over to German settlers. Children were taken separately and after racial scrutiny send over to Germany to be raised in German families. After several major battles against German units (the most notable being the battles of Wojda, Róża and Zaboreczno), the Germans had to halt the action and in the end very few German settlers were brought to the area. Other actions include liberating prisoners from prisons in Pinczow and Krasnystaw as well as sinking German river patrol ship Tannenberg on the Vistula. ==See also:== * History of Poland (1939-1945) Polish history World War II resistance movements Military of Poland
Bataliony Chlopskie
==Fact or Propaganda?== German Slaves? German Terrorism? Economical Exploitation? Come on people. These words, in their modern usage, is simply inaccurate. There were no slaves, in the truest sense of the word. If the History of Poland article referred to the Slavs as Slaves during Communist occupation, I would accept the usage. Clearly that is not the case. Talk about what this group did, not what they supposedly were fighting against. The Germans didn't have much time or opportunity to worry about the "peasants". Fighting a multifront war tends to do that. This article reaks of communist propaganda, but at the same time makes no mention of how the entire polish resistence was deported to Siberia after the war. ::Hmmm? Strange... Ok, point by point: :# ''German Slaves?'' - yup. Slave workers to be precise. How else could you call people deprived of all rights and freedom and forced to do hard labour for no payment and low food rations? :# ''German Terrorism?'' - I can't find that in the text, where is it? :# ''Economical Exploitation?'' - what's wrong with that? The German authorities imposed on Polish farmers extremely high delivery quotas. The peasants had to deliver a huge percent of their production to the Germans - or else they could be shot on the spot or sent to concentration camps. The alternative would be to deliver all the Germans wanted - and starve. If that's not economical exploitation - then what is? :# ''referred to the Slavs as Slaves during Communist occupation'' - clearly you should check the wikipedia article on Slavery. :# ''Talk about what this group did, not what they supposedly were fighting against'' - but these were its aims. In my honest oppinion it's much better to sate the general aims, than to list all actions like "On September 18, 1944, the BCh handed over 200 kg of grain to Jane Doe and 250 zlotys to the family of John Doe sent to German concentration camp. The following day the BCh provided the Kowalski family with garment stolen from the German transport..." - and so on. :# ''The Germans didn't have much time or opportunity to worry about the "peasants"'' - ??? could you elaborate that? I'm afraid that I don't understand your statement. :# ''This article reaks of communist propaganda, but at the same time makes no mention of how the entire polish resistence was deported to Siberia after the war.'' - where? BCh itself was not closer to the commies than Adolf Hitler himself, and it was not loved by the commies after the war either. However, since the BCh was demobilised relatively quickly and most of the soldiers at first joined the PSL, the level of repressions aimed at former BCh soldiers was much lower than the terror against Armia Krajowa. And it is not true that "entire Polish resistance was deported to Siberia", there would be barely anyone left here... --User:Halibutt
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