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Alexander I of Yugoslavia: ''The title ''Alexander of Yugoslavia'' also has Alexander of Yugoslavia (disambiguation).'' King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (Serbian language ''Kralj Aleksandar I Karađorđević'', in Cyrillic Краљ Александар I Карађорђевић) (Cetinje, Montenegro, 16 December 1888 – Marseille, France, 9 October 1934) of the Royal House of Karadjordjevic was the first king of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1934) and before that king of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–1929). Alexander Karađorđević was born in Cetinje in Montenegro in December 1888. His father was King Peter I of Serbia and his mother Zorka of Montenegro. On 8 June 1922 he married HRH Princess Mary of Romania, the daughter of King Ferdinand of Romania. They had three sons – Peter II of Yugoslavia, Princes Prince Tomislav of Yugoslavia and Andrew. He spent his childhood in Montenegro, and was educated in Geneva. He continued his schooling at the Military School in Saint Petersburg Russia, and then in Belgrade. Prince Alexander was not the first in line for the throne but his elder brother, Prince George of Yugoslavia was considered unstable by most political forces in Serbia and after two notable scandals, Prince Đorđe was forced to renounce his claim to throne. In the First Balkan Wars in 1912, as commander of the First Army, Crown Prince Alexander fought victorious battles in Kumanovo and Bitola, and later in 1913, during the second Balkan War, the battle in Bregalnica. In the aftermath of the Second Balkan War Prince Alexander took sides in the complicated power struggle over how Macedonia should be administered. In this Alexander bested Col. Dragutin Dimitrijevic or "Apis" and in wake of this Alexander's father Peter agreed to hand over royal powers to his son. On 24 June 1914 Alexander became Regent of Serbia. He was the supreme commander of the Serbian army, with superb commanding officers Marshals Radomir Putnik, Zivojin Misic, Stepa Stepanovic and Petar Bojovic in World War I in the battles at Battle of Cer and at the Drina (the Battle of Kolubara) in 1914, when the Serbian troops were victorious against the Austro-Hungarian army. In 1915 the Serbian army with the aged King Peter I of Serbia and Crown Prince Alexander suffered many losses and withdrew through Albania to Corfu, where it was reorganized. After the army was regrouped and reinforced, it achieved a decisive victory on the Thessalonica Frontline, at Kajmakcalan. The Serbian army carried out the final operations of the Thessalonica breakthrough in the autumn of 1918. On the 1 December 1918, in a prearranged set piece, Alexander, as Regent, received a delegation of the Peoples Council of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs an address was read out by one of the delegation and Alexander made an address in acceptance. This was considered to the birth of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1921, on the death of his father Peter I of Serbia he inherited the throne of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. On account of the deaths of three members of his family on a Tuesday, Alexander refused to undertake any public functions on that day. On Tuesday 9 October 1934 he had no choice, as he was arriving in Marseilles to start a state visit to the France, to strengthen the defensive alliance against Nazi Germany. When being driven in a car through the streets along with French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou, a gunman, Vlada Georigeff , stepped from the street and shot the King, the Minister and the chauffeur. It was one of the first assassinations captured on film; the shooting occurred straight in front of the cameraman, who was only feet away at the time. The cameraman captured not merely the assassination but the immediate aftermath; the body of the chauffeur (who had been killed instantly) became jammed against the brakes of the car, allowing the cameraman to continue filming from within inches of the King for a number of minutes afterwards. The assassin Vlada Georigeff — driver of the leader of the leader of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, Ivan Mihailov — was cut down by the sword of a mounted French policeman, then beaten by the crowd. By the time he was removed from the scene, he was already dead. King Alexander I was buried in the Memorial Church of St. George, built by King Peter I. As his son Peter II of Yugoslavia was still a minor, Alexander's cousin Pavle Karadjordjevic took the Regent of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The film record of Alexander I's assassination remains one of the most historic pieces of newsreel in existence, alongside the film of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia's coronation, the funerals of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Emperor Franz Josef of Austria, and the assassination of John F. Kennedy. 1888 births 1934 deaths Regents Yugoslav royalty Recipients of Virtuti Militari Yugoslav politicians House of Karadjordjevic Alexander I of Yugoslavia==Translated name== I can't find much of a rationale in Wikipedia:Naming conventions (names and titles) for the translation of this king's name throughout the article. I see a pattern in naming foreign monarchs with translated names, especially in the middle ages, and in the page titles so that it's obvious in English. However, the name is properly spelled "Aleksandar" in Serbian and it should at least be used within the article if not in the title. --User:Shallot 16:33, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC) : The rationale for Wikipedia:Naming conventions (names and titles) is the same rationale that is used for renaming popes. Therefore IMHO this rule should be applied and Alexander should stay Alexander. --User:Romanm 16:41, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC) ==The ordinal== It's also a bit peculiar that this Alexander is marked with "I" (the first) when the naming convention page says that this should be omitted when the person is the only one to bear the name (the previous Aleksandar wasn't of Yugoslavia, and the later Aleksandar wasn't a king). Google:\"Alexander of Yugoslavia\" returns twice as many hits than Google:\"Alexander I of Yugoslavia\" even despite the wikipedia-induced pollution of the latter. --User:Shallot 16:37, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC) : I went on and fixed this. --User:Joy 10:45, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC) Just to note, he is always called Alexander I, and his grandson, although not king, is known as Alexander II. This is a clear instance where the rule that we never use "I", even when it is the most common way of referring to someone, is wrong. It is just as wrong ''not'' to use "Alexander I" as it is to use "Victoria I" for Queen Victoria. I'd add that there are about 1200 hits for "Alexander I of Yugoslavia" and 1600 hits for "Alexander of Yugoslavia", but that many of the hits for the latter are references to the present crown prince, not to his grandfather. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 21:44, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC) : Well, I don't see why the second Alexander deserves the number when they're not a king (nor will they ever be, or any of their progenies either, most likely), but hey. I'm probably biased by the fact that we, in the native language, always say "za kralja Aleksandra" and never tack on "prvog", as there is one single "kralj Aleksandar"... --User:Joy I've always seen "Alexander I" in English...Also, even if Crown Prince Alexander doesn't deserve a "II" (and the article certainly shouldn't be called that), to have this article at "Alexander of Yugoslavia" is confusing. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 18:17, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) : Well, that ''is'' the primary meaning regardless of a naming convention used... we can add a small disambiguation note like the one at Alexander of Serbia if someone is actually confused by it. --User:Joy 21:06, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) Well, the Wikipedia naming convention is fairly confusing, I think, for monarchs who are the only one of their name. When there is a currently living figure known as "Alexander of Yugoslavia", and the figure who by official wikipedia naming conventions should have that article title is more normally called "Alexander I of Yugoslavia", I don't see why we shouldn't just use the ordinal. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 22:01, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) : But the living one is fairly insignificant, unlike his grandfather. I'd even venture to say that the former is ''non-notable'' in comparison. --User:Joy 23:11, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) Well, he's probably not as important as his grandfather, but he's notable enough to get news stories written about him (for instance [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/973873.stm this BBC story from 2000]), and he, unlike is grandfather, is currently alive, meaning that people reading about Serbia today are more or less likely to come upon him. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 23:23, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC) : Just about anyone gets into the newspapers these days... sorry to sound so cynical. I'd also point out that the last Alexander is actually the third Aleksandar Karađorđević and if given a number as the king of Serbia (ignoring Yugoslavia), then he might actually be "Alexander III of Serbia". (I don't know offhand whether the Alexander who created Yugoslavia in 1929 had a title of "King of Serbia" or "King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" between 1921 and 1929.) --User:Joy 13:36, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC) : It also seems odd that the Alexander of the Obrenović dynasty isn't counted in. In general the Obrenović kings have inconsistent article titles... --User:Joy 13:54, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC) The Obrenovic Alexander was King of Serbia, the first Karageorgevic was Prince of Serbia. This one was the first to be King of Yugoslavia (or, initially, King of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes - he was never King of Serbia that I am aware). The Karageorgevics also didn't really recognize the Obrenovics as rightful Kings, anyway, so they weren't included. I think the numbering of Serbian/Yugoslav monarchs is just generally pretty f'd up. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 18:01, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC) :I'm coming to this debate a little late in the day but this doesn't fit the naming convention at all. It seems to me the ordinal quite clearly violates the convention. Further there is nothing there that I could see that insists that it should be Alexander. If we have Juan-Carlos then it should be Aleksandar of Yugoslavia. User:Dejvid 10:27, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) Umm...the convention has changed, actually. Now we use an ordinal of the monarch themself used an ordinal. Which makes more sense anyway. I proposed this some weeks ago at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (names and titles) and nobody objected. So it's been introduced. We have Juan Carlos I of Spain now, and Franz Joseph I of Austria, and we should certainly have Alexander I of Yugoslavia. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 15:23, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) John, can you provide references for the statements that the ordinal is always used in English, and that he used it himself? I can't seem to muster up a single Google search that would indicate either. --User:Joy 11:03, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) I'd second what Joy has said. I am very sceptical that he ever called himself Alexander the 1st and if he himself didn't then the ordinal is POV because it implies that the pretender "Alexander II" was the real king of Yugoslavia. The Karađorđević's haven't even managed to engineer a restoration in Serbia. User:Dejvid 13:12, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) Calling him Alexander I doesn't imply that the pretender is king, any more than calling Juan Carlos "Juan Carlos I" implies that there has been a Juan Carlos II. Most other encyclopedias calls him Alexander I - [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565363/Alexander_I_(of_Yugoslavia).html encarta], [http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9354942 Britannica] (although [http://www.bartleby.com/65/al/AlexandYug.html Columbia] does not.) Also calling him Alexander I is [http://rulers.org/ruls2.html#serbia_and_montenegro rulers.org], which is normally reliable for such things. The [http://bartleby.com/67/2129.html Encyclopedia of World History] also refers to him as Alexander I. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 19:11, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) By contrast, it is hard to find any sources that refer to Queen Victoria as "Victoria I". User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 19:22, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) But did he use the ordinal himself? I have several historical books in both English and Serbo-Croat and they either call him Aleksandar Karađorđević or King Alexander without the ordinal. Pribichevich's book is called "La dictature du roi Alexandre" which was published while Aleksandar was still alive. That some encyclopedias think differently says more about their naming convention than Yugoslavia. User:Dejvid 20:29, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) Look, I have no idea where I would have to do to prove anything to you. The ''New York Times'' obituary for Alexander refers to him as "Alexander I," as well. (The obituary for Peter I also calls him "Peter I". User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 22:53, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) Let me add that various sources not using the ordinal does not prove that the ordinal was not in official use - obviously, when there is only one king of a given name, there is no particular reason for writers of historical or biographical books on him to use it. I'll also add that these encyclopedias clearly do ''not'' have naming conventions which force them to use an ordinal when one was not in use. Their articles on Victoria do not call her "Victoria I." Especially in the youthful monarchies of the Balkans, it was common enough to take the ordinal "I," so as to give an intimation that there will be more monarchs to come. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 22:57, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC) Umm the NY Times obitory which would go back to 1934 does cut ice with me tho I am still somewhat doubtful. You are right, listing books is not proof of an official tittle but it is and indication of what people will be searching for. User:Dejvid 00:19, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC) So long as Alexander of Yugoslavia provides disambiguation (many people entering that will be looking for the crown prince, I think), I don't think there's too much problem with what somebody will be searching for. User:John Kenney User_talk:John Kenney 17:22, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC) : I made it semi-disambig instead of full disambig. That should be fair enough. --User:Joy 00:54, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC) See other meanings of words starting from letter: AAB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AR | AS | AT | AU | AW | AX | AY | AZ |Words begining with Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia: Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia
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