
[[Image:Arch gulag cover.jpg|right|thumb|Solzhenitsyn was exiled from the Soviet Union for his book ''The Gulag Archipelago.'']] Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (''Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цын'') (born December 11, 1918) is a Russia novel, drama and historian. He was responsible for thrusting awareness of the Soviet Union labor camp system on the non-Soviet world. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1970 and was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1974. Born in Kislovodsk, Russia, Solzhenitsyn fought in the Red Army during World War II. He became a captain before he was arrested in 1945 for ASA or Anti-Soviet agitation, criticizing Joseph Stalin in letters to his brother-in-law. He was imprisoned for eight years, from 1945 to 1953, under the Article 58 law. He spent some time at hard manual work in labor camps of the Gulag system. He wrote about this in ''One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich'' and ''The Gulag Archipelago''. Then he spent time in a ''sharashka'', a white-collar prison labor compound. He wrote about this in ''The First Circle''. According to Leonid Samutin's book ''Do Not Create an Idol'', Solzhenitsyn voluntarily became an informant and lied or kept back the facts about this in his books. [http://warrax.croco.net/46_47/solzhenitsyn.html] Leonid Samutin was a staunch anti-communist and knew Solzhenitsyn since they met in the camp. In 1970s at the request of the author Samutin kept the manuscript of ''The Gulag Archipelago'' hiding it from KGB. The novel about Ivan Denisovich brought the Soviet system of forced labor to the attention of the West, but it was his monumental history of the massive Soviet concentration camps for both criminal and political prisoners that made it impossible for either the West or the Soviet Union to ignore the realities of the Communist regime. No longer was this an issue for anti-communism only - all Western democracies had to confront it. On February 13, 1974, Solzhenitsyn was deported from the Soviet Union to West Germany and stripped of his Soviet citizenship. The KGB had found the manuscript for the first part of ''The Gulag Archipelago''. Less than a week later, the Soviets carried out reprisals against Yevgeny Yevtushenko for his support of Solzhenitsyn. Solzhenitsyn first settled in Zürich, Switzerland, and later in Vermont, United States. In 1990 his Soviet citizenship was restored, and in 1994 he returned to Russia. Despite an enthusiastic welcome on his first arrival in America, followed by respect for his privacy, he had never been comfortable outside his homeland. However radical he might have been in the USSR, outside that context he appeared to some to be a reactionary, particularly in his Russian nationalism and his Russian Orthodox Church. He has been criticized by some who consider him a radical; according to their claims he frequently makes connections between the activities of Jews, Georgia (country)s and Latvians and the causes of the mishaps that befell Russia in the 20th century. In May 1997, Solzhenitsyn was elected full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Science. In 1997 he established his own prize in literature ($25,000). Alexander Solzhenitsyn met with President Boris Yeltsin in 1994 and President Vladimir Putin in 2000. He met Putin again in 2002. Solzhenitsyn's two-volume book ''200 Years Together'' (partially based on his 1968 manuscript ''Jews in USSR and in the Future Russia'', in which he uses expressions such as "Lenin-Jewish revolution"[http://www.lechaim.ru/ARHIV/133/vek.htm],[http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2003/0528/win/reznik.htm],[http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2003/0611/win/reznik.htm]) is considered by many to be antisemitic. Several books and series of articles have been written to refute particular claims made by Solzhenitsyn in his work (e.g. [http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2002/0415/win/reznik.htm],[http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2004/0707/win/reznik1.htm]). == Published works == *''One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich'' (1962) *''For the Good of the Cause'' (1964) *''The First Circle'' (1968) *''The Cancer Ward'' (1968) *''The Love-Girl and the Innocent'' (1969) *''August 1914'' (1971). The beginning of a history of the birth of the USSR in an historical novel. The novel centers on the disastrous loss in the Battle of Tannenberg (1914) in August, 1914. Other works, similarly titled, follow the story. *''The Gulag Archipelago'' (three volumes) (1973-1978), not a memoir, but a history of the entire process of developing and administering a police state in the Soviet Union. *''Prussian Nights'' (1974) *''The Oak and the Calf'' (1975) *''Lenin in Zurich'' (1976) *''The Mortal Danger: Misconceptions about Soviet Russia and the Threat to America'' (1980) *''November 1916'' (1983) *''Victory Celebration'' (1983) *''Prisoners'' (1983) *''Rebuilding Russia'' (1990) *''March 1917'' *''April 1917'' *''The Russian Question'' (1995) *''Invisible Allies'' (1997) *''Two Hundred Years Together'' on Russian-Jewish relations since 1772, aroused ambiguous public response. ([http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/7033-1.cfm], [http://www.jewishsf.com/bk010831/ip29a.shtml], [http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles/ChukovskayaSolzhenitsyn.htm]) ==Further reading== * Edited and with an introduction by Michael Scammell, translated under the supervision of Catherine A. Fitzpatrick, ''The Solzhenitsyn Files: Secret Soviet Documents Reveal One Man's Fight Against the Monolith'', edition q, 1995, hardcover, ISBN 1-883695-06-6 ==External links== *[http://www.marshillaudio.org/ Mars Hill Audio] has a tape about him titled [http://www.marshillaudio.org/catalog/ttforum.shtml "One Word of Truth"]. *[http://www.almaz.com/nobel/literature/Solzhenitsyn.html The Nobel Prize Internet Archive's page on Solzhenitsyn] *[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/solzhenitsyn/harvard1978.html A World Split Apart]: Solzhenitsyn's 1978 Commencement Address to the graduating class at Harvard University 1918 births Nobel Prize in Literature winners Russian novelists Russian writers Soviet dissidents Causes célèbres Russian Orthodox Christians
User:Tbc wrote: :fleshed out a little; I dare a Wikipedian to improve on the quality of articles already out there -- see the Google search If we compare our articles to the best available, almost all of our articles are going to look extremely shoddy, at this stage. But why compare our articles to the best available? Unlike most of the best available, we have the enormous advantages of being (1) easily editable by anyone and (2) constantly improving. So if we begin a draft now, chances are that by 2011, the article ''will'' be among the best available. In fact, a case can be made that eventually Wikipedia will be ''the most'' definitive resource on practically everything. I'm not saying that's very likely, but it's entirely possible, given the fact that the project's only going to get more popular, only going to attract ''more'' experts, and that it's an institution that can, potentially, live on forever. So, you've got to take the long view. If you just turn people over to other web sources, you're not taking the long view. --User:LMS ---- 1-I've tried to put some good hooks in here for the User:LMS approach. 2-Why I put "anti-communist" in quotes. I don't mean to be ironic about anti-communism, but until Solzhenitsyn set the table, there were few public anti-communists in the Soviet Union and many anti-communists in the West were simply promoters of the Cold War and not, in my opinion, genuinely anti-totalitarian. user:Ortolan88 June 02 :Generally, we put scare quotes around a term if it is being used in a special ideosyncratic or ironic sense -- as if the term doesn't really apply. Please add to the article something about writers who consider the Cold War to be about something other than a fight between freedom and totalitarianism or between the prosperity of a free-market economy vs. the stagnation of plannd economies; otherwise I'm going to remove the scare quotes. user:Ed Poor, Wednesday, June 19, 2002 ---- OK by me. I'll remove the "quotes". Obviously I had my doubts, which is why I brought it up. As for the true nature of the Cold War, I agree (to a degree), but that stuff probably belongs in the Cold War article, and may be there for all I know. user:Ortolan88 What are the sources on Solzhenitsyn's anti-semitism/racism? His conservatism and nationalism is well documented, but I find it hard to believe he was an anti-semite. User:LeoDV 17:12, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC) Here is a 2002 Solzhenitsyn Interview [http://nobsblog.blogspot.com/2002/09/solzhenitsyn-interview-2002.html] about his new book, ''200 Years Together'', about Russians & Jews living harmoniously. Solzhenitsyn is not known for giving many interviews over the years. User:Nobs == Nobel Laureate == In awarding the Nobel prize, I beleive some mention should be made how illegal single typewritten copies in samizdat had been smuggled out of the Soviet Union at risk to any courier being charged with ASA and imprisonment. The Nobel Committee, in order to award the prize on the body of his work, seeing it never been mass published (other than Ivan Denosovitch) had used single typewritten copies to review. This was unprecedented. User:Nobs 01:53, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
[[Image:Arch gulag cover.jpg|right|thumb|Solzhenitsyn was exiled from the Soviet Union for his book ''The Gulag Archipelago.'']] Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (''Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цын'') (born December 11, 1918) is a Russia novel, drama and historian. He was responsible for thrusting awareness of the Soviet Union labor camp system on the non-Soviet world. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1970 and was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1974. Born in Kislovodsk, Russia, Solzhenitsyn fought in the Red Army during World War II. He became a captain before he was arrested in 1945 for ASA or Anti-Soviet agitation, criticizing Joseph Stalin in letters to his brother-in-law. He was imprisoned for eight years, from 1945 to 1953, under the Article 58 law. He spent some time at hard manual work in labor camps of the Gulag system. He wrote about this in ''One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich'' and ''The Gulag Archipelago''. Then he spent time in a ''sharashka'', a white-collar prison labor compound. He wrote about this in ''The First Circle''. According to Leonid Samutin's book ''Do Not Create an Idol'', Solzhenitsyn voluntarily became an informant and lied or kept back the facts about this in his books. [http://warrax.croco.net/46_47/solzhenitsyn.html] Leonid Samutin was a staunch anti-communist and knew Solzhenitsyn since they met in the camp. In 1970s at the request of the author Samutin kept the manuscript of ''The Gulag Archipelago'' hiding it from KGB. The novel about Ivan Denisovich brought the Soviet system of forced labor to the attention of the West, but it was his monumental history of the massive Soviet concentration camps for both criminal and political prisoners that made it impossible for either the West or the Soviet Union to ignore the realities of the Communist regime. No longer was this an issue for anti-communism only - all Western democracies had to confront it. On February 13, 1974, Solzhenitsyn was deported from the Soviet Union to West Germany and stripped of his Soviet citizenship. The KGB had found the manuscript for the first part of ''The Gulag Archipelago''. Less than a week later, the Soviets carried out reprisals against Yevgeny Yevtushenko for his support of Solzhenitsyn. Solzhenitsyn first settled in Zürich, Switzerland, and later in Vermont, United States. In 1990 his Soviet citizenship was restored, and in 1994 he returned to Russia. Despite an enthusiastic welcome on his first arrival in America, followed by respect for his privacy, he had never been comfortable outside his homeland. However radical he might have been in the USSR, outside that context he appeared to some to be a reactionary, particularly in his Russian nationalism and his Russian Orthodox Church. He has been criticized by some who consider him a radical; according to their claims he frequently makes connections between the activities of Jews, Georgia (country)s and Latvians and the causes of the mishaps that befell Russia in the 20th century. In May 1997, Solzhenitsyn was elected full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Science. In 1997 he established his own prize in literature ($25,000). Alexander Solzhenitsyn met with President Boris Yeltsin in 1994 and President Vladimir Putin in 2000. He met Putin again in 2002. Solzhenitsyn's two-volume book ''200 Years Together'' (partially based on his 1968 manuscript ''Jews in USSR and in the Future Russia'', in which he uses expressions such as "Lenin-Jewish revolution"[http://www.lechaim.ru/ARHIV/133/vek.htm],[http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2003/0528/win/reznik.htm],[http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2003/0611/win/reznik.htm]) is considered by many to be antisemitic. Several books and series of articles have been written to refute particular claims made by Solzhenitsyn in his work (e.g. [http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2002/0415/win/reznik.htm],[http://www.vestnik.com/issues/2004/0707/win/reznik1.htm]). == Published works == *''One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich'' (1962) *''For the Good of the Cause'' (1964) *''The First Circle'' (1968) *''The Cancer Ward'' (1968) *''The Love-Girl and the Innocent'' (1969) *''August 1914'' (1971). The beginning of a history of the birth of the USSR in an historical novel. The novel centers on the disastrous loss in the Battle of Tannenberg (1914) in August, 1914. Other works, similarly titled, follow the story. *''The Gulag Archipelago'' (three volumes) (1973-1978), not a memoir, but a history of the entire process of developing and administering a police state in the Soviet Union. *''Prussian Nights'' (1974) *''The Oak and the Calf'' (1975) *''Lenin in Zurich'' (1976) *''The Mortal Danger: Misconceptions about Soviet Russia and the Threat to America'' (1980) *''November 1916'' (1983) *''Victory Celebration'' (1983) *''Prisoners'' (1983) *''Rebuilding Russia'' (1990) *''March 1917'' *''April 1917'' *''The Russian Question'' (1995) *''Invisible Allies'' (1997) *''Two Hundred Years Together'' on Russian-Jewish relations since 1772, aroused ambiguous public response. ([http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/7033-1.cfm], [http://www.jewishsf.com/bk010831/ip29a.shtml], [http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles/ChukovskayaSolzhenitsyn.htm]) ==Further reading== * Edited and with an introduction by Michael Scammell, translated under the supervision of Catherine A. Fitzpatrick, ''The Solzhenitsyn Files: Secret Soviet Documents Reveal One Man's Fight Against the Monolith'', edition q, 1995, hardcover, ISBN 1-883695-06-6 ==External links== *[http://www.marshillaudio.org/ Mars Hill Audio] has a tape about him titled [http://www.marshillaudio.org/catalog/ttforum.shtml "One Word of Truth"]. *[http://www.almaz.com/nobel/literature/Solzhenitsyn.html The Nobel Prize Internet Archive's page on Solzhenitsyn] *[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/solzhenitsyn/harvard1978.html A World Split Apart]: Solzhenitsyn's 1978 Commencement Address to the graduating class at Harvard University 1918 births Nobel Prize in Literature winners Russian novelists Russian writers Soviet dissidents Causes célèbres Russian Orthodox Christians
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
User:Tbc wrote: :fleshed out a little; I dare a Wikipedian to improve on the quality of articles already out there -- see the Google search If we compare our articles to the best available, almost all of our articles are going to look extremely shoddy, at this stage. But why compare our articles to the best available? Unlike most of the best available, we have the enormous advantages of being (1) easily editable by anyone and (2) constantly improving. So if we begin a draft now, chances are that by 2011, the article ''will'' be among the best available. In fact, a case can be made that eventually Wikipedia will be ''the most'' definitive resource on practically everything. I'm not saying that's very likely, but it's entirely possible, given the fact that the project's only going to get more popular, only going to attract ''more'' experts, and that it's an institution that can, potentially, live on forever. So, you've got to take the long view. If you just turn people over to other web sources, you're not taking the long view. --User:LMS ---- 1-I've tried to put some good hooks in here for the User:LMS approach. 2-Why I put "anti-communist" in quotes. I don't mean to be ironic about anti-communism, but until Solzhenitsyn set the table, there were few public anti-communists in the Soviet Union and many anti-communists in the West were simply promoters of the Cold War and not, in my opinion, genuinely anti-totalitarian. user:Ortolan88 June 02 :Generally, we put scare quotes around a term if it is being used in a special ideosyncratic or ironic sense -- as if the term doesn't really apply. Please add to the article something about writers who consider the Cold War to be about something other than a fight between freedom and totalitarianism or between the prosperity of a free-market economy vs. the stagnation of plannd economies; otherwise I'm going to remove the scare quotes. user:Ed Poor, Wednesday, June 19, 2002 ---- OK by me. I'll remove the "quotes". Obviously I had my doubts, which is why I brought it up. As for the true nature of the Cold War, I agree (to a degree), but that stuff probably belongs in the Cold War article, and may be there for all I know. user:Ortolan88 What are the sources on Solzhenitsyn's anti-semitism/racism? His conservatism and nationalism is well documented, but I find it hard to believe he was an anti-semite. User:LeoDV 17:12, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC) Here is a 2002 Solzhenitsyn Interview [http://nobsblog.blogspot.com/2002/09/solzhenitsyn-interview-2002.html] about his new book, ''200 Years Together'', about Russians & Jews living harmoniously. Solzhenitsyn is not known for giving many interviews over the years. User:Nobs == Nobel Laureate == In awarding the Nobel prize, I beleive some mention should be made how illegal single typewritten copies in samizdat had been smuggled out of the Soviet Union at risk to any courier being charged with ASA and imprisonment. The Nobel Committee, in order to award the prize on the body of his work, seeing it never been mass published (other than Ivan Denosovitch) had used single typewritten copies to review. This was unprecedented. User:Nobs 01:53, 3 May 2005 (UTC)
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