Alec Douglas-Home - meaning of word
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Alec Douglas-Home



{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin: 0em 1em 0em 1em;" |+ The Rt Hon. Sir Alec Douglas-Home |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"| |- |Period in Office: |19 October, 1963 - 16 October, 1964 |- |PM Predecessor: |Harold Macmillan |- |PM Successor: |Harold Wilson |- |Date of Birth: |July 2, 1903 |- |Place of Birth: |Mayfair, London |- |Political Party: |Conservative Party (UK) |- |Retirement honour: |Life Barony (Home of the Hirsel) |} Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel Order of the Thistle#Notes (July 2, 1903October 9, 1995), known from 1951 to 1963 as the 14th Earl of Home, was a United Kingdom politician, and served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom for a year from October 1963 to October 1964. He became famous for a series of records. He was the last member of the House of Lords to be appointed Prime Minister, the only Prime Minister to resign from the Lords and contest a by-election to enter the House of Commons and to date the last Prime Minister to be actively chosen by a British monarch. ===Early Life and Career=== Douglas-Home was born in Mayfair, London, the eldest son of a Scottish earl. From 1918 he held the courtesy title Lord Dunglass. His brother was the dramatist, William Douglas-Home. After an education at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, he became Conservative Party (UK) MP for Lanark in 1931. His aristocratic roots gave him a head start in the party as it then was, and he was soon appointed Principal Private Secretary to Neville Chamberlain, witnessing at first hand the latter's attempts to stave off World War II through negotiation with Adolf Hitler. He lost his parliamentary seat in the United Kingdom general election, 1945, but regained it in 1950. However he was forced to resign it in 1951, when he inherited his father's seat in the House of Lords, becoming 14th Earl of Home. This did not blunt his political aspirations, though, as Lord Home, as he then was, served not only as Commonwealth Secretary from 1955 but, from 1957, also as Leader of the House of Lords and Lord President of the Council (the latter twice; briefly in 1957 and subsequently from 1959). Home traded all three for the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1960. In 1962, he was created a knight of the Order of the Thistle — the highest honour outside the nobility available to a Scot — which entitled him to be styled "Sir" after renouncing his earldom. ===Appointment as Prime Minister=== In 1963 the Conservative prime minister, Harold Macmillan, suddenly resigned when diagnosed with prostate cancer from which he was (wrongly) not expected to recover. At the time, the rules of Conservative Party stated that a leader was not to be selected by a vote of party members, but rather by a decision of the party's ''elder statesmen''. Though Rab Butler, nominally the "Deputy Prime Minister" (though officially no such constitutional office then existed, with the title on its rare usages being an honorific one) was the favourite among Conservative Member of Parliaments the elder statesmen preferred Home, some of them indicating that they would refuse to serve in cabinet under Butler and the other potential candidate, Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, then known as Viscount Hailsham. Outgoing Prime Minister Harold Macmillan advised Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of the opinion of the senior figures in the party. Though it was argued that he had no right to advise the Queen as to who to invite to Kiss Hands as Prime Minister, and the Queen was under no obligation to accept his advice, the Queen duly invited the Earl of Home to become Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury. Home, the first British prime minister born in the 20th century, believed it impractical to serve as Prime Minister from the Lords (it was widely believed that George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston had not been invited to become prime minister in the 1920s because of his position in the Lords). Using the Peerage Act 1963 passed earlier in the same year after the campaign of Tony Benn to renounce his peerage, Home disclaimed his Earldom and as ''Sir Alec Douglas-Home'' contested a by-election in the safe seat of Kinross & West Perthshire. Home duly won, entering the history books as the (probably) last peer to become Prime Minister and the only Prime Minister to resign the Lords to enter the Commons. In 1965, the rules of the Conservative Party were changed so that the party leader would henceforth be selected by the 1922 Committee consisting of parliamentary members of the Party. ===Defeat and Opposition=== The government had been too badly damaged to survive, however, and the United Kingdom general election, 1964 was won by the British Labour Party under the new leadership of Harold Wilson, but by a much narrower margin than was expected. It was in this campaign that Home made his most famous remark. Wilson kept gibing that Home was not a man of a people as he was the 14th Earl of Home. Home's response: "As far as the 14th Earl is concerned I suppose that Mr. Wilson, when you come to think of it, is the 14th Mr. Wilson". Home remained leader of the party until his resignation in July of the following year. In the interim he created an electoral mechanism for choosing Conservative Party leaders, a vote by MPs. The resulting leadership election was won by Edward Heath who defeated Reginald Maudling and Enoch Powell. Over the course of the following six years Home was notably loyal to Heath, comparing those who questioned his position with impatient gardeners who would keep digging up a tree to gauge its progress by examining its roots. When, in 1970, Heath became prime minister, Home returned to the post of Foreign Secretary which was deemed to suit him so well. In 1973 Home intimated his intention to retire from Parliament and government at the next general election, but was overtaken by the calling of a United Kingdom general election, February 1974. Following the defeat of the Heath government by that of Harold Wilson in 1974, Home retired from front-line politics, standing down from the Commons at the United Kingdom general election, October 1974. He was then restored to the House of Lords when he accepted a life peerage, becoming known as Baron Home of the Hirsel (The Hirsel being his family seat in Berwickshire). but continued to make interventions in the House of Lords into his nineties. Home was the third-longest lived British Prime Minister behind Harold Macmillan and James Callaghan. On his death, he was succeeded as Earl of Home by his son, David. Autobiography: ''The Way The Wind Blows'' (1976) ==Titles from birth to death== *Alexander Douglas-Home, Esq (1903-1918) *Lord Dunglass (1918-1931) *Lord Dunglass, MP (1931-1945) *Lord Dunglass (1945-1950) *Lord Dunglass, MP (1950-1951) *The Right Honourable Lord Dunglass, MP (1951) *The Right Honourable The Earl of Home, PC (1951-1962) *The Right Honourable The Earl of Home, KT, PC (1962-1963) *The Right Honourable Sir Alexander Douglas-Home, KT, PC (1963-1973) *The Right Honourable The Lord Home of the Hirsel, KT, PC (1973-1995) ==Sir Alec Douglas-Home's Government, October 1963 - October 1964== *Sir Alec Douglas-Home: Prime Minister *Reginald Manningham-Buller, 1st Viscount Dilhorne: Lord Chancellor *Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone: Lord President of the Council *Selwyn Lloyd: Lord Privy Seal *Reginald Maudling: Chancellor of the Exchequer *Rab Butler: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs *Henry Brooke (politician): Secretary of State for the Home Department *Sir Keith Joseph: Minister of Housing and Local Government *Peter Thorneycroft: Secretary of State for Defence *Julian Amery: Minister of Civil Aviation *Ernest Marples: Secretary of State for Transport *Frederick James Erroll: Minister of Power *Edward Heath: Secretary of State for Industry, Trade, and Regional Development and President of the Board of Trade *Duncan Edwin Sandys: Secretary of State for the Colonies and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations *Sir Edward Boyle: Secretary of State for Education and Science *Anthony Barber: Secretary of State for Health *John Boyd-Carpenter: Chief Secretary to the Treasury and Paymaster-General *Joseph Bradshaw Godber: Minister of Labour and National Service *Geoffrey Rippon: Minister of Public Works *Lord Soames: Minister of Agriculture *Michael Noble: Secretary of State for Scotland *John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster *William Francis Deedes: Minister without Portfolio *Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington: Minister without Portfolio, Leader of the House of Lords ===Changes=== *April 1964 - Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone becomes Secretary of State for Education and Science. Sir Edward Boyle leaves the Cabinet. ===Notes=== 1 The family name and title of ''Home'' are both pronounced ''Hume''. British Prime Ministers Lord Presidents of the Council British Secretaries of State Leaders of the British Conservative Party Earls in the Peerage of Scotland British MPs Life peers 1903 births 1995 deaths

Alec Douglas-Home



Quote "Over the course of the following six years Home was notably loyal to Heath, ...." I seem to remember, though am not congruently certain, that Sir Alec was Shadow Foreign Secretary in Mr Heath's Shadow Cabinet. I seem to remember Sir Alec being asked, some short time after his resignation, by a television reporter, whether he would (be willing to?) serve in the Shadow Cabinet (I forget the exact form of the question), and Sir Alec replying that that was entirely a matter for the new leader. However, I cannot remember whether that was when Sir Alec resigned or when Mr Heath had been elected. User:Songwriter 21:39 9 Jul 2003 (UTC) ---- Quote "to be qualified to re-enter parliament as an MP ....". Well, he could not, at that time, become an MP while a peer, yet he also needed to be elected as an MP. There was a bye-election for a constituency with a name which sounded like (I am unsure of the spelling) Kinross and West Perthshire. Whether the seat was vacant or whether someone resigned to produce a bye-election I do not know. User:Songwriter 21:49 9 Jul 2003 (UTC) :The seat was already vacant and the existing candidate agreed to step aside and allo Home to stand. :User:Timrollpickering 10:44 14 Feb 2004 (UTC) ---- Quote "by a murky process the details of which were not clear". Whether they were clear at the time I am unsure, yet I have seen an account of what happened subsequently somewhere. It might have been in a book entitled "Governing without a majority" but I am not sure on that. This was the only time, so far, during her reign that Queen Elizabeth II has had to be involved in deciding who would be Prime Minister. I seem to remember that the account claimed that the Queen sought advice from Sir Winston Churchill (at that time by then an earlier Conservative Prime Minister) and whoever was the Conservative party leader in the House of Lords at the time. The Queen had also visited Mr Macmillan in hospital. Mr Heath was the first leader of the Conservative Party who gained the post by election rather than by "emerging" as I once saw the previous process described. In fact, Mr Heath had the highest number of votes in the first round, but did not win outright. When the result of the vote was announced he was thus due to face a second vote against Mr Maudling, who was a close second in the first round. In the event, Mr Maudling withdraw from the contest and Mr Heath became leader of the party without a second vote. I think that Mr Heath then chose Mr Maudling to become Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer and that he so served. User:Songwriter 22:22 9 Jul 2003 (UTC) :I think you're mixing leadership contests. In 1957 the Queen appointed Macmillan on the basis of advice from two senior Cabinet members and Churchill. No advice was given by the resigning Eden. In 1963 Macmillan gave the Queen formal advice to send for Home, based on "soundings" on the various sections of the Conservative party. :The Queen is also invoked in the outcome of the February 1974 general election - this did not produce a clear result and Ted Heath did not resign for several days while he tried to form a majority. Many felt this was wrong as the one clear thing was that he had lost and that the Queen should have dismissed him. :Also the earlier 1911 leadership election did come to a contest (the party was in opposition; technically this contest was only for the leadership in the Commons not the whole party) and ballot papers were prepared for it, but in the end two of the three candidates withdrew to encourage unity. :User:Timrollpickering 10:44 14 Feb 2004 (UTC) Correct. I've changed the article to make it more accurate in that respect. I've made one other change. It is questionable to call him a ''Scottish'' politician. Since home rule was granted, there are in effect four categories of politician. Those who serve in the Scottish parlament, and so deserve to be called ''Scottish politicians'', those who serve in the Welsh Assembly, and so deserve to be called ''Welsh politicians'', those who serve in the Northern Ireland politicians and so deserve to be called ''Northern Ireland politicians'' and those who are not working at the regional level but are members of the United Kingdom parliament and who, to distinguish them from the others, should be called, ''British politicians''. User:Jtdirl 19:35, 11 Jan 2004 (UTC) :I think also that Home sat in the Lords under an English, British or United Kingdom peerage - a 14th Earl would have also inherited several lesser peerages as well. Home was certainly automatically transferred to the Lords on his father's death in 1951, which happened in the English/British/United Kingdom peerage but ''not'' in the Scottish Peerage (although the later 1963 Peerage Act chaged this). from sometime in mid 19C, Earls of Home were guaranteed -rather than subject to election from the Scottish peers- a seat under the UK Barony of Douglas. Sir Alec's largest estate was in the Lanarkshire village of Douglas. (He was first M.P. for Lanark). He was the first Minister of State at the Scottish Office and the first minister resident in Scotland. This was one reason why he was so unknown "down South" and why MacMillan's making him Foreign Sec' was so controversial. The peerage disclaimer had to list his individual peerages. Academically, an ancient one was later discovered. As that hadn't been entered on the list, his second stint as M.P. was nicely illegal... AR :Although there is perhaps a case to think of him as a Scottish politician as well as in the early 1950s he was a high profile minister in the Scottish Office. :User:Timrollpickering 10:44 14 Feb 2004 (UTC) The Tory leader in the House of Lords at the time was Lord Hailsham, apparently. Might the Lord Chancellor (Lord Dilhorne) have also been involved in the decision? User:John Kenney 20:03, 11 Jan 2004 (UTC) Would it not be better to swap the photos around so the one from around the time of his premiership appears in the box? :No, his face is distorted in the second one. We need a direct facial portrait for the box. --User:JiangUser talk:Jiang ---- I have a very good reason for "Home" to be pronounced as the name spells. It is because the common usage of the word used for "house", which is "home". You may have heard just a few pronounce the name "Home" as "Hume", and there is a discrepancy because someone may accidentally spell his name as "Alec Douglas-Hume." So I think that there ''may be'' an alternate spelling. --User:65.73.0.137 : The ''Hume'', ''Home'', ''Houme'', ''Hoome'' and ''Huym'' families all belong to the same clan and therefore have the same name, but different families use different spellings. Sir Alec's has only ever been known as "Home", despite pronounciation as 'Hume' --User:Mmartins 06:46, 30 May 2004 (UTC) :No, I haven't heard "just a few" pronounce his name like that - everyone I've ever heard mention him has used the correct pronunciation. He was the Prime Minister, so it's not unreasonable that people would know how to pronounce his name. If anyone pronounces it "Home" they are simply ignorant, not using an alternative pronunciation. User:Proteus User_talk:Proteus 08:07, 30 May 2004 (UTC) ::Agreed. ALL British tv and radio stations pronounce his name "Hume", and always have, for the 40 years I've been listening to them at least, which goes back to his Premiership. People would have noticed if it was a mispronounciation! User:Arwel Parry 21:47, 30 May 2004 (UTC) :::Two exclamatory remarks (one in the edit summary) for trivial reasons? Please, get a life. --User:65.73.0.137


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