Abu Raihan Al-Biruni (also, Biruni, Alberuni Persian language: ابوریحان بیرونی) ; Arabic language: أبو الريحان البيروني; (September 15, 973 - December 13, 1048) was a Persian Empire mathematician, astronomer, physicist, scholar, encyclopedist, philosopher, astrologer, traveller, historian, pharmacist and teacher, of Central Asian origin, who contributed greatly to the fields of mathematics, philosophy, medicine and science. He was born in Khwarazm Persia, presently in Uzbekistan, but then within the borders of Persian Empire. He studied mathematics and astronomy under Abu Nasr Mansur. He was a colleague of the Persians philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, the historian, philosopher and ethicist Ibn Miskawayh, in a university and science center established by prince Abu Al Abbas Ma'mun Khawarazmshah. He also travelled to India with Mahmud of Ghazni and accompanied him on his campaigns there, learning the language, and studying their religion and philosophy, and wrote Ta'rikh al-Hind ("Chronicles of India"). He also knew the Greek Language, and possibly Syriac and Berber. He wrote his books in Persian language (his native tongue) and Arabic language. Some of his notable achievements included: * At age 17, he calculated the latitude of Kath, Khwarazm, using the maximum altitude of the sun. * By age 22, he had written several short works, including a study of map projections, "Cartography", which included a methodology for projecting a hemisphere on a plane (mathematics), . * By age 27, he had written a book called "Chronology" which referred to other work he had completed (now lost) that included one book about the astrolabe, one about the decimal system, four about astrology, and two about history. * He calculated the radius of the Earth to be 6,339.6 km (this result was replicated in the West in the 16th century). Biruni's works number more than 120. His contributions to mathematics include: * theoretical and practical arithmetic * summation of series * combinatorial analysis * the rule of three * irrational numbers * ratio theory * algebraic definitions * method of solving algebraic equations * geometry * Archimedes' theorems * trisection of the angle His non mathematical works include: * ''Critical study of what India says, whether accepted by reason or refused'' (Arabic تحقيق ما للهند من مقولة معقولة في العقل أم مرذولة) - a compendium of India's religion and philosophy * ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'' (Arabic الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية) - a comparative study of calendars of different cultures and civilizations, interlaced with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information. * ''The Mas'udi Canon'' (Arabic القانون المسعودي) - a book about Astronomy, Geography and Engineering, named after Mas'ud, son of Mahmud of Ghazni, to whom he dedicated * ''Understanding Astrology'' (Arabic التفهيم لصناعة التنجيم) - a question and answer style book about mathematics and astronomy, in Arabic and Persian * ''Pharmacy'' - about drugs and medicines * ''Gems'' (Arabic الجماهر في معرفة الجواهر) about geology, minerals, and gems, dedicated to Mawdud son of Mas'ud * ''Astrolabe'' * A historical summary book * ''History of Mahmud of Ghazni and his father'' * ''History of Khawarazm'' ==See also== *List of Persian scientists ==External links== *[http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Biruni.html A biography of Al Biruni] *[http://www.skyscript.co.uk/albiruni.html Extensive biography on Biruni] *[http://history.al-islam.com/names.asp?year=440#n2132 Arabic biography of Al Biruni] *[http://www.physicsir.com/physicians/abo_rihan.htm Persian biography of Al Biruni] Persian mathematicians 10th century mathematicians 11th century mathematicians Persian astronomers 973 births 1048 deaths Encyclopedists Iranian scientists ms:Abu Raihan Al-Biruni
I combined the articles Al-Biruni and Biruni, which are about the same person User:ErdemTuzun
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Al-Biruni:
Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni_(crater)
Al-Biruni
Abu Raihan Al-Biruni (also, Biruni, Alberuni Persian language: ابوریحان بیرونی) ; Arabic language: أبو الريحان البيروني; (September 15, 973 - December 13, 1048) was a Persian Empire mathematician, astronomer, physicist, scholar, encyclopedist, philosopher, astrologer, traveller, historian, pharmacist and teacher, of Central Asian origin, who contributed greatly to the fields of mathematics, philosophy, medicine and science. He was born in Khwarazm Persia, presently in Uzbekistan, but then within the borders of Persian Empire. He studied mathematics and astronomy under Abu Nasr Mansur. He was a colleague of the Persians philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, the historian, philosopher and ethicist Ibn Miskawayh, in a university and science center established by prince Abu Al Abbas Ma'mun Khawarazmshah. He also travelled to India with Mahmud of Ghazni and accompanied him on his campaigns there, learning the language, and studying their religion and philosophy, and wrote Ta'rikh al-Hind ("Chronicles of India"). He also knew the Greek Language, and possibly Syriac and Berber. He wrote his books in Persian language (his native tongue) and Arabic language. Some of his notable achievements included: * At age 17, he calculated the latitude of Kath, Khwarazm, using the maximum altitude of the sun. * By age 22, he had written several short works, including a study of map projections, "Cartography", which included a methodology for projecting a hemisphere on a plane (mathematics), . * By age 27, he had written a book called "Chronology" which referred to other work he had completed (now lost) that included one book about the astrolabe, one about the decimal system, four about astrology, and two about history. * He calculated the radius of the Earth to be 6,339.6 km (this result was replicated in the West in the 16th century). Biruni's works number more than 120. His contributions to mathematics include: * theoretical and practical arithmetic * summation of series * combinatorial analysis * the rule of three * irrational numbers * ratio theory * algebraic definitions * method of solving algebraic equations * geometry * Archimedes' theorems * trisection of the angle His non mathematical works include: * ''Critical study of what India says, whether accepted by reason or refused'' (Arabic تحقيق ما للهند من مقولة معقولة في العقل أم مرذولة) - a compendium of India's religion and philosophy * ''The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries'' (Arabic الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية) - a comparative study of calendars of different cultures and civilizations, interlaced with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information. * ''The Mas'udi Canon'' (Arabic القانون المسعودي) - a book about Astronomy, Geography and Engineering, named after Mas'ud, son of Mahmud of Ghazni, to whom he dedicated * ''Understanding Astrology'' (Arabic التفهيم لصناعة التنجيم) - a question and answer style book about mathematics and astronomy, in Arabic and Persian * ''Pharmacy'' - about drugs and medicines * ''Gems'' (Arabic الجماهر في معرفة الجواهر) about geology, minerals, and gems, dedicated to Mawdud son of Mas'ud * ''Astrolabe'' * A historical summary book * ''History of Mahmud of Ghazni and his father'' * ''History of Khawarazm'' ==See also== *List of Persian scientists ==External links== *[http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Biruni.html A biography of Al Biruni] *[http://www.skyscript.co.uk/albiruni.html Extensive biography on Biruni] *[http://history.al-islam.com/names.asp?year=440#n2132 Arabic biography of Al Biruni] *[http://www.physicsir.com/physicians/abo_rihan.htm Persian biography of Al Biruni] Persian mathematicians 10th century mathematicians 11th century mathematicians Persian astronomers 973 births 1048 deaths Encyclopedists Iranian scientists ms:Abu Raihan Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni
I combined the articles Al-Biruni and Biruni, which are about the same person User:ErdemTuzun
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
A
AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AR | AS | AT | AU | AW | AX | AY | AZ |Words begining with Al-Biruni:
Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni
Al-Biruni_(crater)
Sponsored links: praca.
These materials are based on Wikipedia and licensed under the GNU FDL
YouTube.com videos better site than Turbo Tax 2007
