Adobe Systems - meaning of word
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Adobe Systems



Adobe Systems is a computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California that was founded in December 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschke. They founded Adobe after leaving Xerox PARC in order to further develop and commercialize the PostScript page description language. Adobe played a significant role in sparking the desktop publishing revolution when Apple Computer licensed PostScript for use in the LaserWriter computer printer product line in 1985. The company name ''Adobe'' comes from the Adobe Creek, which ran near the company's original offices in Mountain View, California. In 2005, Adobe Systems had over 4,000 employees, at least half of whom were located in San Jose. Adobe also has major development operations in Seattle, Washington; Noida, India; and Ottawa, Canada. Minor Adobe development offices include a location near Minneapolis, Minnesota and in Hamburg, Germany. The 4,000 count is prior to an announced-but-not-consummated merger with Macromedia of San Francisco, California. ==History== Adobe's first products following PostScript were digital Typefaces. Adobe has continued to be a strong presence in the fonts market: in 1996, the company, in combination with Microsoft, announced the OpenType font format, and in 2003 Adobe completed the conversion of its library of Type 1 fonts to OpenType. In the mid-1980s, soon after introducing PostScript, Adobe entered the consumer software market with Adobe Illustrator, a vector graphics-based drawing program for the Apple Macintosh. Illustrator was the logical outgrowth of commercializing their in-house font-development software. Additionally, it helped popularize the use of PostScript-enabled laser printers. Unlike MacDraw (then the standard Macintosh vector drawing program), Illustrator described all shapes with more flexible Bézier curves, providing a level of accuracy not seen in other programs. Font rendering in Illustrator, however, was left to the Macintosh's QuickDraw libraries and would not be superseded by a PostScript-like approach until Adobe's own Adobe Type Manager software was introduced, preceding Apple's eventual adoption of TrueType. Although Illustrator was an excellent product and continues to be highly valued by the prepress industry, Adobe introduced what was to become its flagship product, Adobe Photoshop for the Macintosh, in 1989. Although Photoshop 1.0 had competitors, it was extremely stable and well-featured—and Adobe had the resources to market it. This combination enabled Photoshop to soon dominate its market. Arguably, one of Adobe's few missteps on the Macintosh platform was their failure to develop their own desktop publishing (DTP) program. Instead, Aldus with Adobe PageMaker in 1985 and Quark, Inc. with QuarkXPress in 1987 gained early leads in the DTP market. Adobe was also slow to address the emerging Microsoft Windows DTP market. In a classic failure to predict the direction of computing, Adobe released a complete version of Illustrator for Steve Jobs' ill-fated NeXT system, but a poorly produced version for Windows. History has been kind to Adobe however, because the company always had licensing fees from the PostScript interpreter to fall back on, Adobe was able to simply outlast many of its rivals in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and, like Microsoft, eventually acquired its main competitors or continued to improve its applications until they became industry standards. For reasons unknown, Corel never leveraged their CorelDraw product to do professional illustration—users quietly derided it as something only office users would touch—so when Illustrator was finally revamped for Windows, prepress users found it too good to ignore. Corel's interest in acquiring WordPerfect from Novell Corporation around this time may have proved to be a key distraction. In 1994, Adobe took over Aldus and acquired PageMaker and the TIFF file format; in 1995 they acquired the long-document DTP application FrameMaker from Frame Technologies. Adobe's latest efforts are mainly centered on its Portable Document Format (PDF). Although sales of Adobe Acrobat, which generates PDF files, were slow to start in the mid-1990s, Adobe continued to develop the product, perceiving its long-term potential for revenues. History has since shown this to be a wise investment. Adobe has also seen several ancilliary benefits: PDF provides a common, high-quality data exchange infrastructure for its DTP applications. Among open software advocates, some see Adobe as overly aggressive. This image was created with their decision to use an encrypted, proprietary format for their high-quality Type 1 fonts, thus allowing them to charge licensing fees for any other company that wanted to produce or use Type 1 fonts. The size of these fees was a factor in Apple's development of their own TrueType technology as well as Microsoft's decision to license TrueType from Apple. At the presentation at which TrueType was introduced, Adobe head Warnock followed TrueType talks from both Apple and Microsoft VPs, and was near tears as he said that they were being sold "smoke." In fact, TrueType had definitive advantages: it provided not only full scalability, but also precise pixel-level control of a font's pixels. A few months later Adobe published the Type 1 specification, and soon released the "Adobe Type Manager" software, which allowed for WYSIWYG scaling of Type 1 fonts on screen, just like TrueType (though without the precise pixel-level control). However, these moves were too late to stop the rise of TrueType, which quickly became the standard for business and the average Windows user, with Type 1 retaining a large portion of the graphics/publishing market. On April 18 2005 Adobe Systems announced an agreement to acquire its former main rival Macromedia in a stock swap valued at about $3.4 billion on the last trading day before the announcement. The transaction is awaiting shareholder and regulatory approval. ==Employees== ===Key employees=== {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" |- | colspan="2" | Executive Board |- valign="top" | width="150" | Charles Geschke | Co-Chairman of the Board |- valign="top" | width="150" | John Warnock | Co-Chairman of the Board |- valign="top" | width="150" | Bruce R. Chizen | President, CEO, Director (2003 Compensation: $1,848,124 United States dollar) |- valign="top" | Murray J. Demo | CFO, SVP (2003 Compensation: $777,753 United States dollar) |- | |- | colspan="2" | Non Executive Board |- valign="top" | width="150" | Carol M. Baldwin | Director |- valign="top" | width="150" | Mike R. Cannon | Director |- valign="top" | width="150" | James E. Daley | Director |- valign="top" | width="150" | Colleen M. Pouliot | Director |- valign="top" | width="150" | Robert Sedgewick | Director |- valign="top" | width="150" | Delbert W. Yocam | Director |- | |- | colspan="2" | Senior Management |- valign="top" | width="150" | Jim E. Stephens | SVP, Worldwide Sales and Field Operations (2003 Compensation: $685,537 United States dollar) |- valign="top" | width="150" | Shantanu Narayen | EVP, Worldwide Product (2003 Compensation: $879,247 United States dollar) |- valign="top" | width="150" | James Heeger | SVP, Creative Professional Business Unit (2003 Compensation: $591,086 United States dollar) |- valign="top" | width="150" | Theresa Townsley | SVP, Human Resources |- valign="top" | width="150" | Bryan Lamkin | SVP, Digital Imaging and Video Business Unit |- valign="top" | width="150" | Ivan Koon | SVP, ePaper Business Unit |- valign="top" | Melissa Dyrdahl | SVP, Corporate Marketing and Communications |- valign="top" | Karen O. Cottle | SVP, General Counsel, Secretary |} ==Reputation== Adobe's reputation suffered in the eyes of some free software advocates when the FBI arrested Dmitry Sklyarov in 2001 for what Adobe claimed was a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. According to a United States Department of Justice complaint, Sklyarov was arrested July 17, 2001 at the DEF CON conference in Las Vegas, Nevada, Nevada, apparently at the behest of Adobe Systems, and was charged with distributing a product designed to circumvent copyright protection measures. Sklyarov helped create the Advanced eBook Processor (AEBPR) software for his Russian employer Elcomsoft. The incident particularly angers those who see copyrights and protection as opposing free speech rights, as Adobe co-founder John Warnock said in one interview that "I am probably the strongest free-speech advocate you will ever meet; I own a copy of the first printing of the Bill of Rights! I hate censorship in any form. From this you can probably guess how I feel about the telecommunications bill." Yet, according to some, Adobe used a bill similar to the one denounced by Warnock to attack Sklyarov. At the same time, in many circles Adobe is considered one of the most principled of the major software companies, and one that treats its large corporate customers and employees well, although customer service for smaller businesses and individuals has often received unfavorable press. Adobe has climbed Fortune magazine's rankings as an outstanding place to work over the last several years (2001-03). Adobe was rated the fifth best American company to work for in 2003 and sixth best in 2004. ==Products== {| width="600" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" |- | colspan="2" | Current |- valign="top" | * typeface * Adobe After Effects * Adobe Audition * Adobe Bar Coded Form Solution * Adobe Central Output Server * Adobe Creative Suite ** Adobe Acrobat ** Adobe GoLive ** Adobe Illustrator ** Adobe InDesign ** Adobe Photoshop (includes: Adobe ImageReady) * Adobe Document Policy Server * Adobe eBook Reader * Adobe Encore * Adobe Form Manager ** Adobe Form Server * Adobe FrameMaker * Adobe InCopy * Adobe LiveCycle Designer * Adobe PhotoDeluxe * Adobe Premiere * Adobe Reader * Adobe SVG Viewer * Adobe Type Manager * Adobe Video Collection * Adobe Web Output Pak * Digital Negative Specification | colspan="2" | Discontinued * Adobe Atmosphere * Adobe Dimensions * Adobe LiveMotion * Adobe PageMaker * Adobe PageMill * Adobe Persuasion * Adobe PressWise * Adobe SiteMill * Adobe Streamline * Adobe TrapWise * Adobe TypeAlign * Adobe TypeReunion |} ==Financial information== Adobe Systems entered NASDAQ in 1986. As of December 2004, Adobe's market capitalisation is roughly $15 1 E9 United States dollar, and its shares are traded for $62 United States dollar. Adobe's 2002 revenues were about $1.2 billion United States dollar. On April 18, 2005, Adobe Systems announced its acquisition of Macromedia at $3.4 billion United States dollar. *Press Releases: **[http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/invrelations/adobeandmacromedia.html Adobe Press Release] **[http://www.macromedia.com/macromedia/proom/pr/2005/adobe_macromedia.html Macromedia Press Release] *News on that issue: **[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/18/technology/18cnd-adobe.html New York Times] **[http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2005-04-18-adobe-macromedia_x.htm?csp=34 USA Today] **[http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20050418/ap_on_bi_ge/adobe_macromedia_9 Yahoo! Financial Report] ==See also== *OpenType *Portable Document Format *PostScript ==External links== *[http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pdfs/Adobe2004Timeline_101804fin.pdf Adobe timeline (PDF)] *[http://www.adobe.com/ Adobe Systems, Inc.] *[http://www.adobe.com/type Adobe Type Library] ===Data=== *[http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/12/12518.html Yahoo! - Adobe Systems Incorporated Company Profile] Software companies Type foundries Computer companies of the United States Adobe Systems Companies based in California Companies traded on NASDAQ

Adobe Systems



Software companies Companies based in California

Adobe Systems



== Current and former products == The product listing for PhotoDeluxe was recently removed. This is fair enough, as it is no longer produced (see [http://www.adobe.com/products/photodeluxe/main.html http://www.adobe.com/products/photodeluxe/main.html]). However, it seems worthwhile recording formerly produced software, for the sake of history, and to assist those who may not know that a product has been discontinued. I recently added Adobe Persuasion to the products list, with (no longer produced) next to the entry. I suggest we move this and all other defunct products to a new subheading "former products", below the main "current products" subcategory. Before proceeding with this I've suggested it here to allow consultation first. User:Amelia Hunt 21:28, Jan 6, 2005 (UTC) == Headquarters: is or are? == I notice that the verb following headquarters was recently changed from the plural to the singular. According to dictionary.com, both are used, but the plural is more common. I was wondering what the consensus is on this? As both are technically correct I guess it could be either, but it might be good to come to an agreement on style. My preference is for the plural, ie. "the headquarters ARE located in...", instead of "the headquarters IS located in..." Comments? User:Amelia Hunt 01:54, Jan 13, 2005 (UTC) :Not worth standardizing, I would think, as the choice is arbitrary and the regional variation considerable. FWIW, Adobe's website uses both (on the same webpage!) : "Adobe's worldwide headquarters are in San Jose, California" and "Adobe's worldwide headquarters is in San Jose, California " [http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/199904/19990419.prequicktm.html] -- User:Nunh-huh 02:07, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Adobe == A lot of articles that should link here are instead linked to Adobe. You can help keep the two straight by checking [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Adobe Adobe's what links here page]. User:Gentgeen 09:20, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC) == Revenue == Just to be clear, Adobe recognized $1,666,581,000 in total revenue last year, aka $1.67 billion. Not $1.67 trillion, not $1.67 million. 10-K: [http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/invrelations/pdfs/2004_10k1.pdf] User:Rhobite 19:21, May 18, 2005 (UTC) :What a history this figure has had. Just for fun, here are the figures through the edit history * $1,666,581 million (1000 times too large) * $1,666,581 thousand (correct but unconventional in this form; however financial reports are often quoted in this unit). * $1,666,581 (1000 times too small) * $1,666,581 thousand (reverted) * 1.66 billion USD (right if you round down) * 1.67 billion USD (right if you round to the nearest) Unless there is a Wiki or financial standard for rounding, which this breaches, perhaps we can just leave it alone until next year! User:Notinasnaid 08:58, 19 May 2005 (UTC) :Can you clarify the following data please? From [http://www.datamonitor.com/ Datamonitor]: :*Revenues/turnover (US$ Mn): 1294.7 (2003) :Also from Datamonitor: :*''For the fiscal year ended November 2004, the company reported revenues of $1,666.6 million, an increase of 28.7% on the previous year. For fiscal 2004, the net income was $450.4 million.'' :Does that figure actually mean ''billion''? :User:Adraeus 13:22, 19 May 2005 (UTC) All of those figures look plausible (I can't say that they are correct). "Revenues of $1,666.6 million" implies money received of that amount, which could also be written as $1.6666 billion. "Revenues/turnover (US$ Mn): 1294.7 (2003)" sounds like the same data, but for the year before. "Net income was $450.4 million" also sounds correct. Net implies that some deductions have taken place. I don't know how US companies do accounting but this might mean "after costs" and might be a figure similar to what some consider "profit"; however these are all technical terms with specific meanings. From the phrasing, it also isn't unambiguous whether the figures apply to the same 12 month period. For companies, some or all of these figures could be interesting depending on the type of company, and the country (trying to avoid the technical terms) * the amount of money received in all * the amount of money received less sales tax * the amount of money received less the amount of money spent (except company taxes) * the amount of money received less the amount of money spent and company taxes * the amount of money paid as dividend to shareholders * any of the above, less any new bills that are unpaid * the increase or decrease in the amount of cash held by the company after money spent, taxes and dividend * the increase or decrease in the company's value, the sum of cash and non-cash assets, less bills to pay * as above, less debts... It goes on. Which of these are interesting enough to put in a Wikipedia information box? Good question. User:Notinasnaid 15:30, 19 May 2005 (UTC) :Revenue is basically the gross amount of sales a company had, before any expenses. Turnover ratio is cost of goods sold divided by average inventory. It doesn't mean much for a company such as Adobe, where inventory is less important. Net income is the bottom line number after all exepnses, but before dividends. Net income is in some ways more important than revenue, but it's meaningless unless it's accompanied by other numbers. We didn't want to put every financial figure in the infobox - people should get the annual report if they're interested. We picked a single number, and revenue seemed like the best single number to add to the box. I don't think we should add any more financials. :As for Adraeus' question, Adobe had $1,666,581,000 in total revenue and $450,398,000 in net income. That is $1.67 billion revenue and $450.40 million NI. I don't know how to make this any clearer. User:Rhobite 20:34, May 19, 2005 (UTC) Thanks for the terminological review. I'm certain it will be useful to someone who doesn't have that knowledge. I didn't know how to interpret the data-type I listed. For example, "1294.7 US$ Mn (2003)". I suppose that means 1.2947 US$ Bn. User:Adraeus 22:25, 19 May 2005 (UTC)


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