An adhesive is a compound that adhesion or bonds two items together. There are many sources and types of adhesive. Most early adhesives were glues made by rendering animal products such as the Native American use of American Bison hooves. == History == The first adhesives were gums and other plant resins. Archaeologists have found 6000-year old ceramic vessels that had broken and been repaired using plant resin. Native Americans in what is now the eastern United States used a mixture of spruce gum and fat as an adhesive and caulk to waterproof seams in their birchbark canoes. ==Categories of adhesives== === Drying adhesives === These adhesives are a mixture of ingredients (typically polymers) dissolved in a solvent. Glues and rubber cements are members of the ''drying adhesive'' family. As the solvent evaporates, the adhesive hardens. Depending on the chemical composition of the adhesive, they will adhere to different materials to greater or lesser degrees. These adhesives are typically weak and are used for household applications. Some intended for small children are now made non-toxic. ===Hot adhesives=== Also known as "hot melt" adhesives. These adhesives are applied hot and simply allowed to harden as they cool. These adhesives have become popular for crafts because of their ease of use and the wide range of common materials to which they can adhere. A glue gun, pictured right, is one method of applying a hot adhesive. The glue gun melts the solid adhesive and then allowing it to pass through the "barrel" of the gun onto the material where it solidifies. === Reactive adhesives === Epoxy resins are the most common example of this kind of adhesive. Reactive adhesives generally come in two separate containers. The two ingredients of the adhesive must be mixed in certain proportions immediately before application. Generally one ingredient is a monomer, or resin, and the second is a reaction initialiser. When the two are mixed together, a polymerisation reaction occurs which solidifies the adhesive. Reaction adhesives may also react with the surface of the materials to be stuck together. This is bonding, in which the adhesive forms chemical bonds with the material, and is distinct from sticking, the action of common glues. A special case of this kind of adhesive is cyanoacrylate (more commonly known by the brand name "super glue") which reacts with trace moisture on the surfaces being bonded and therefore does not need any mixing before application. Reactive adhesives are very strong and are used for high-stress applications such as attaching wings to aircraft. Because the strength of a reactive adhesive is a result of chemical bonding with the surface material, reactive adhesives are applied in thin films. Reactive adhesives are less effective when there is a secondary goal of filling gaps between the surfaces. === Temporary adhesives === Temporary adhesives are designed to repeatedly or easily stick and unstick. They have low adhesion and generally can not support much weight. They are commonly used on paper, but can be used on many other things. They have common applications as bookmarks, informal notes and office supplies. Brands include Blu-Tack, a gum-like adhesive (a.k.a. "sticky tak"), bandaids and the adhesive applied to the back of 3M's Post-It notes. (Items such as duct tape can generally adhere longer than these other products). Also see adhesive tape and gaffer tape. == Adhesive failure == Adhesives may fail in one of two ways: Adhesive failure is the failure of the adhesive to stick or bond with the material to be adhered (also known as the substrate or adherend). Cohesive failure is structural failure of the adhesive. Adhesive remains on both substrate surfaces, but the two items separate. Two substrates can also separate through structural failure of one of the substrates; this is not a failure of the adhesive. In this case the adhesive remains intact and is still bonded to one substrate and the remnants of the other. For example, when one removes a price label, adhesive usually remains on the label and the surface. This is cohesive failure. If, however, a layer of paper remains stuck to the surface, the adhesive has not failed. As another example, children often try to pull apart Oreo cookies with the filling all on one side. The goal is an adhesive failure, rather than a cohesive failure. Adhesives
I don't think super glue should be classed as a "drying adhesive", because when it cures it actually polymerizes in a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction is triggered by hydroxyl ions present in traces of water on the surface to be glued, so it might be classed as a reactive adhesive, but then again it might not, so I'm simply raising the issue here on the talk page instead of changing it myself. User:Bryan Derksen 07:37 Oct 1, 2002 (UTC) My bad, already fixed -- I went and cross-checked. Thanks for the notification! User:The Anome 07:41 Oct 1, 2002 (UTC) ---- The article says that bonding is different from sticking, but does not say why. Can anyone out there explain? -- User:Heron 12:31, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC) ---- I would just like to say thank you for this article. It proved to be of great help to me, especially the way it states the categories of the glues in an organised way. Wikipedia is a wonderful place on the Internet.
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Adhesive:
Adhesive
Adhesive
Adhesives
Adhesives
Adhesive_capsulitis
Adhesive_capulitis
Adhesive_label
Adhesive_tape
Adhesive_tape
Adhesive_tape
Adhesive
An adhesive is a compound that adhesion or bonds two items together. There are many sources and types of adhesive. Most early adhesives were glues made by rendering animal products such as the Native American use of American Bison hooves. == History == The first adhesives were gums and other plant resins. Archaeologists have found 6000-year old ceramic vessels that had broken and been repaired using plant resin. Native Americans in what is now the eastern United States used a mixture of spruce gum and fat as an adhesive and caulk to waterproof seams in their birchbark canoes. ==Categories of adhesives== === Drying adhesives === These adhesives are a mixture of ingredients (typically polymers) dissolved in a solvent. Glues and rubber cements are members of the ''drying adhesive'' family. As the solvent evaporates, the adhesive hardens. Depending on the chemical composition of the adhesive, they will adhere to different materials to greater or lesser degrees. These adhesives are typically weak and are used for household applications. Some intended for small children are now made non-toxic. ===Hot adhesives=== Also known as "hot melt" adhesives. These adhesives are applied hot and simply allowed to harden as they cool. These adhesives have become popular for crafts because of their ease of use and the wide range of common materials to which they can adhere. A glue gun, pictured right, is one method of applying a hot adhesive. The glue gun melts the solid adhesive and then allowing it to pass through the "barrel" of the gun onto the material where it solidifies. === Reactive adhesives === Epoxy resins are the most common example of this kind of adhesive. Reactive adhesives generally come in two separate containers. The two ingredients of the adhesive must be mixed in certain proportions immediately before application. Generally one ingredient is a monomer, or resin, and the second is a reaction initialiser. When the two are mixed together, a polymerisation reaction occurs which solidifies the adhesive. Reaction adhesives may also react with the surface of the materials to be stuck together. This is bonding, in which the adhesive forms chemical bonds with the material, and is distinct from sticking, the action of common glues. A special case of this kind of adhesive is cyanoacrylate (more commonly known by the brand name "super glue") which reacts with trace moisture on the surfaces being bonded and therefore does not need any mixing before application. Reactive adhesives are very strong and are used for high-stress applications such as attaching wings to aircraft. Because the strength of a reactive adhesive is a result of chemical bonding with the surface material, reactive adhesives are applied in thin films. Reactive adhesives are less effective when there is a secondary goal of filling gaps between the surfaces. === Temporary adhesives === Temporary adhesives are designed to repeatedly or easily stick and unstick. They have low adhesion and generally can not support much weight. They are commonly used on paper, but can be used on many other things. They have common applications as bookmarks, informal notes and office supplies. Brands include Blu-Tack, a gum-like adhesive (a.k.a. "sticky tak"), bandaids and the adhesive applied to the back of 3M's Post-It notes. (Items such as duct tape can generally adhere longer than these other products). Also see adhesive tape and gaffer tape. == Adhesive failure == Adhesives may fail in one of two ways: Adhesive failure is the failure of the adhesive to stick or bond with the material to be adhered (also known as the substrate or adherend). Cohesive failure is structural failure of the adhesive. Adhesive remains on both substrate surfaces, but the two items separate. Two substrates can also separate through structural failure of one of the substrates; this is not a failure of the adhesive. In this case the adhesive remains intact and is still bonded to one substrate and the remnants of the other. For example, when one removes a price label, adhesive usually remains on the label and the surface. This is cohesive failure. If, however, a layer of paper remains stuck to the surface, the adhesive has not failed. As another example, children often try to pull apart Oreo cookies with the filling all on one side. The goal is an adhesive failure, rather than a cohesive failure. Adhesives
Adhesive
I don't think super glue should be classed as a "drying adhesive", because when it cures it actually polymerizes in a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction is triggered by hydroxyl ions present in traces of water on the surface to be glued, so it might be classed as a reactive adhesive, but then again it might not, so I'm simply raising the issue here on the talk page instead of changing it myself. User:Bryan Derksen 07:37 Oct 1, 2002 (UTC) My bad, already fixed -- I went and cross-checked. Thanks for the notification! User:The Anome 07:41 Oct 1, 2002 (UTC) ---- The article says that bonding is different from sticking, but does not say why. Can anyone out there explain? -- User:Heron 12:31, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC) ---- I would just like to say thank you for this article. It proved to be of great help to me, especially the way it states the categories of the glues in an organised way. Wikipedia is a wonderful place on the Internet.
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
A
AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AR | AS | AT | AU | AW | AX | AY | AZ |Words begining with Adhesive:
Adhesive
Adhesive
Adhesives
Adhesives
Adhesive_capsulitis
Adhesive_capulitis
Adhesive_label
Adhesive_tape
Adhesive_tape
Adhesive_tape
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