
[[Image:Mullah in bukhara.jpg|thumb|A call to prayer in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.]] Adhan (Arabic language: أَذَان aḏān; also: azaan, athaan) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. It is pronounced as ''athaan'' (the second syllable is prolonged, and ''th'' is pronounced as in the English word ''the''.) The root of the word is A/tha/na which means "to permit", and another derivative of this word is O/thon (the first O is pronounced as in ''u'' in the German word ''Götterfunken'') and means ear. The adhan is called out from a minaret of a mosque five times a day (Sunni Islam) and three times a day (Shi'a Islam) for the Fard (mandatory) Salah. The purpose of the adhan is to summon Muslims to the mosque for prayers. There is a second call known as ''iqama'' that summons Muslims to line up for the beginning of the prayers. ==Sunni Islam's adhan== Sunni sources state that the adhan was not written or said by Muhammad but by one of his Sahabah (the people who saw and believed in Muhammad); however, Muhammad did choose it to be the Muslims' call to prayer in preference to the bell or conch, used by Christians, or the shofar (ram's horn), used by Jews[http://www.iad.org/Pillars/athan.html]. During the Friday prayer ''(Salat Al Jummah),'' there are two adhans; the first is to call the people to the mosque, the second is said before the Imam begins the ''khutbah'' (religious sermon). Just before the prayers start, someone will recite the ''iqama'' as in all prayers. :{| |"Allah is the Greatest" (twice) |الله اكبر الله اكبر |Allahu Akbar, āllahu ākbar |- |"I bear witness that there is no god except Allah" (twice) |اشهد ان لا اله الا الله |āsh'hadu ān Shahadah |- |"I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah" (twice) |اشهد ان محهدا رسول الله |āsh'hadu ānna Shahadah |- |"Make haste towards prayer" (twice) |حي على الصلوة |hayyā `alā-s-salah |- |"Make haste towards welfare" (twice) |حي على الفلا ح |hayyā `alā-l-falāh |- |"Allah is the Greatest" (twice) |الله اكبر الله اكبر |āllahu ākbar, āllahu ākbar |- |"There is no god except Allah" |لا اله الا الله |lā ilaha illā-llah |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- |"Prayer is better than sleep" (twice)* |الصلو ة خير من النوم |ās-salatu khaīru min ān-naūm |- |}* When used to summon the faithful to the first prayers of the day at dawn ''(fajr salat),'' the line "Prayer is better than sleep" is inserted in the adhan after the second call to the line "Make haste towards welfare".
==Shi'a Islam's adhan==
Shi'a sources state that it was Muhammad who, according to Allah's command, ordered the adhan to be a means of calling Muslims to prayer. Shi'a Islam teaches that no one else contributed, or had any authority to contribute, towards the composition of the adhan.
Shi'a Islam teaches that Allah has appointed a vicegerent on Earth for every generation. It teaches that although Muhammad was Allah's final Prophet and Messenger, Allah appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib as the first of Allah's twelve vicegerents to succeed Muhammad in order to lead mankind.
:{|
|"Allah is the Greatest" (4 times)
|Allaahu Akbar
|-
|"I bear witness that there is no god except Allah" (twice)
|Ash-hadu al-laa ilaaha illallaah
|-
|"I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah" (twice)
|Ash-hadu anna Muhammadar rasoolullaah
|-
|"I bear witness that Ali is the vicegerent of Allah and the successor to the Messenger of Allah" (twice)
|Ash-hadu anna a'liyyan walliyyullaahi was'iyyu rasoolillaah
|-
|"Make haste towards prayer" (twice)
|H'ayya a'las's'alaah
|-
|"Make haste towards welfare" (twice)
|H'ayya a'lal falaah'
|-
|"Make haste towards the best deed" (twice)
|H'ayya a'laa khayril a'mal"
|-
|"Allah is the Greatest" (twice)
|Allaahu Akbar
|-
|"There is no god except Allah" (twice)
|Laa ilaaha illallaah
|}
==Tone of the adhan==
Each phrase (music) is followed by a longer rest (music) and is repeated one or more times according to fixed rules. During the first statement each phrase is limited in tonal range, less melismatic, and shorter. Upon repetition the phrase is longer, ornamented with melismas, and may possess a tonal range of over an octave. The adhan's musical form is characterised by contrast and contains twelve melodic passages which move from one to another tonal center of one maqam a perfect fourth or perfect fifth apart. The tempo is mostly slow; it may be faster and with less melismas for the sunset prayer. During festivals, it may be performed antiphonally as a duet. (ibid, p.157-158)
==Sources==
*Habib Hassan Touma (1996). ''The Music of the Arabs'', trans. Laurie Schwartz. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0931340888.
*http://www.iad.org/Pillars/athan.html
==External links==
* [http://suficenter.org/Practices/adhan.html Adhan: The Call to Prayer] (suficenter.org)
* [http://www.islamicacademy.org/html/Articles/English/Azan.htm How to say Azaan] (islamicacademy.org)
*[http://www.faizani.com Islam Way Online - Allah Muslims Spiritual Healing and al Quran]
*[http://free.hostultra.com/~islamglobe/Multimedia.htm Web page including audio files of Adhan]
*[http://www.haqaonline.com/multimedia/audio/Azan/ Audio files of Adhans around the Islamic world]
Muslim music
Prayer
==Greater, Greatest== I know absolutely nothing about this, but I changed Greatest to Greater based on this note someone (apparently not familiar with wiki!) added to the bottom of the page: :*Note To Editor* The Literal Translation is Greater not Greatest. The word for Greatest is "Al-Akbar" not "Akbar" which means actually Greater or Bigger. This is due to the fact that the word has no "Al-" in front of the word. "Al-Akbar" would mean the Greatest or the Biggest. Hopefully someone else can verify that this is correct. User:Kevin Saff 17:36, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC) This ''is'' correct. Greater, indeed. See Takbeer User:Elpincha 23:25, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) :Touma (1996, p.157) indicates "greatest": "God is most great". :''More great'' would imply "greater", ''most great'' implies "greatest" to me. User:Hyacinth 19:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Call to prayer== According to Touma (1996, p.157): "The adhan is the name for the call to pray from atop the minaret. With this, the believers are called to the Friday holy service and to the five prayers prescribed for the day." However, the article currently states that "the call's purpose is to summon the people to the mosque, not to start the prayers. The equivalent call to start the prayers is called the iqama or iqame." User:Hyacinth 19:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC) :According to [http://members.cox.net/arshad/adhaniqam.html]: iqama is "The call to ''line up'' for prayers." (emphasis mine)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Adhan:
Adhan
Adhan
Adhan
[[Image:Mullah in bukhara.jpg|thumb|A call to prayer in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.]] Adhan (Arabic language: أَذَان aḏān; also: azaan, athaan) is the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. It is pronounced as ''athaan'' (the second syllable is prolonged, and ''th'' is pronounced as in the English word ''the''.) The root of the word is A/tha/na which means "to permit", and another derivative of this word is O/thon (the first O is pronounced as in ''u'' in the German word ''Götterfunken'') and means ear. The adhan is called out from a minaret of a mosque five times a day (Sunni Islam) and three times a day (Shi'a Islam) for the Fard (mandatory) Salah. The purpose of the adhan is to summon Muslims to the mosque for prayers. There is a second call known as ''iqama'' that summons Muslims to line up for the beginning of the prayers. ==Sunni Islam's adhan== Sunni sources state that the adhan was not written or said by Muhammad but by one of his Sahabah (the people who saw and believed in Muhammad); however, Muhammad did choose it to be the Muslims' call to prayer in preference to the bell or conch, used by Christians, or the shofar (ram's horn), used by Jews[http://www.iad.org/Pillars/athan.html]. During the Friday prayer ''(Salat Al Jummah),'' there are two adhans; the first is to call the people to the mosque, the second is said before the Imam begins the ''khutbah'' (religious sermon). Just before the prayers start, someone will recite the ''iqama'' as in all prayers. :{| |"Allah is the Greatest" (twice) |الله اكبر الله اكبر |Allahu Akbar, āllahu ākbar |- |"I bear witness that there is no god except Allah" (twice) |اشهد ان لا اله الا الله |āsh'hadu ān Shahadah |- |"I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah" (twice) |اشهد ان محهدا رسول الله |āsh'hadu ānna Shahadah |- |"Make haste towards prayer" (twice) |حي على الصلوة |hayyā `alā-s-salah |- |"Make haste towards welfare" (twice) |حي على الفلا ح |hayyā `alā-l-falāh |- |"Allah is the Greatest" (twice) |الله اكبر الله اكبر |āllahu ākbar, āllahu ākbar |- |"There is no god except Allah" |لا اله الا الله |lā ilaha illā-llah |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- | | | |- |"Prayer is better than sleep" (twice)* |الصلو ة خير من النوم |ās-salatu khaīru min ān-naūm |- |}
Adhan
==Greater, Greatest== I know absolutely nothing about this, but I changed Greatest to Greater based on this note someone (apparently not familiar with wiki!) added to the bottom of the page: :*Note To Editor* The Literal Translation is Greater not Greatest. The word for Greatest is "Al-Akbar" not "Akbar" which means actually Greater or Bigger. This is due to the fact that the word has no "Al-" in front of the word. "Al-Akbar" would mean the Greatest or the Biggest. Hopefully someone else can verify that this is correct. User:Kevin Saff 17:36, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC) This ''is'' correct. Greater, indeed. See Takbeer User:Elpincha 23:25, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC) :Touma (1996, p.157) indicates "greatest": "God is most great". :''More great'' would imply "greater", ''most great'' implies "greatest" to me. User:Hyacinth 19:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC) ==Call to prayer== According to Touma (1996, p.157): "The adhan is the name for the call to pray from atop the minaret. With this, the believers are called to the Friday holy service and to the five prayers prescribed for the day." However, the article currently states that "the call's purpose is to summon the people to the mosque, not to start the prayers. The equivalent call to start the prayers is called the iqama or iqame." User:Hyacinth 19:07, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC) :According to [http://members.cox.net/arshad/adhaniqam.html]: iqama is "The call to ''line up'' for prayers." (emphasis mine)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
A
AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AR | AS | AT | AU | AW | AX | AY | AZ |Words begining with Adhan:
Adhan
Adhan
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