
:''For other uses of the initials ATP, see ATP (disambiguation)'' Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the "molecule currency" of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cell (biology)s. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP molecules are also used to store the energy plants make in cellular respiration. == Chemical properties == Chemically, ATP consists of adenosine and three phosphate groups(triphosphate). It has the empirical formula C10H16N5O13P3, and the chemical formula C10H8N4O2NH2(OH)2(PO3H)3H, with a molecular mass of 1 E-25 kg atomic mass unit. The phosphoryl groups starting with that on AMP are referred to as the alpha (α), beta (ß), and gamma (γ) phosphates. The biochemical names for ATP are 9-ß-D-ribofuranosyladenine-5'-triphosphate and, equivalently, 9-ß-D-ribofuranosyl-6-amino-purine-5'-triphosphate. == Synthesis == ATP can be produced by various cellular processes, most typically in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation under the catalytic influence of ATP synthase or in the case of plants in chloroplasts by photosynthesis. The main fuels for ATP synthesis are glucose and fatty acids. Initially glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytosol. Two molecules of ATP are generated for each molecule of glucose. The terminal stages of ATP synthesis are carried out in the mitochondrion and can generate up to 36 ATP. == ATP in the human body == The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 Mole (unit). The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its synthesis must closely follow its consumption. == Other triphosphates == Living cells also have other "high-energy" nucleoside triphosphates, such as guanosine triphosphate. Between them and ATP, energy can be easily transferred with reactions such as those catalyst by nucleoside diphosphokinase: Energy is released when hydrolysis of the high energy phosphate bonds is carried out. This energy can be used by a variety of enzymes, motor proteins, and transport proteins to carry out the work of the cell. Also, the hydrolysis yields free inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate, which can be broken down further to another phosphate ion and adenosine monophosphate. ATP can also be broken down to adenosine monophosphate directly, with the formation of pyrophosphate. This last reaction has the advantage of being an effectively irreversible process in aqueous solution. === Reaction of ADP with GTP === :adenosine diphosphate + guanosine triphosphate ATP + guanosine diphosphate There is talk of using ATP as a power (physics) source for nanotechnology and implants. Artificial pacemakers could become independent of battery (electricity). == See also == * Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) * Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) * Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate (cAMP) * ATPases * ATP hydrolysis * Citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle) * Phosphagen * Thioesters are related to ATP * ATP thermochemistry == External link == *[http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookATP.html ATP and biological energy] Nucleotides su:Adénosin trifosfat
PLEASE HELP --> What is the importance of ATP formation during Glycosis and Krebs Cycle? : Sorry, Wikipedia is not a place to ask for help with your homework. ::Actually, there is a place to ask questions like this, just check out the Wikipedia:Reference desk. --User:Lexor|User talk:Lexor 14:07, Nov 9, 2004 (UTC) :::I stand corrected -- I wasn't aware of the reference desk. However, I hope you'll agree that the original poster's question doesn't go here. User:Zack ::::Yes, it shouldn't go here, I always direct such questions to the reference desk. --User:Lexor|User talk:Lexor 13:07, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC) ---- I dont understand why is GTP used in some reaction in place of ATP eg. in gluconeogenesis. : While ATP and GTP are energetically equivalent (i.e., the same amount of energy can be harnessed from ATP as from GTP), their use in biochemical reactions is enzyme-dependent. Some enzymes, such as succinyl-CoA synthetase, use GTP to drive catalysis. Others, like hexokinase, require ATP instead. Which nucleotide gets used depends heavily on the specificity of the enzyme in question, which in turn depends on the enzyme's amino acid composition and secondary/tertiary structures. : Also, for what it's worth, the production of GTP instead of ATP by certain enzymes is inconsequential since GTP can be converted to ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. --User:Diberri 22:54, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC) : I believe there is also an anabolic/catabolic and protein/fat/carbohydrate/nucleic acid distinction at work in there as well. My guess is there is separation to allow the cell to target energy resourses to specific pathways. Can anybody confirm this? --Anonymous ==Copyvio== I removed a section added by User:Jerryseinfeld it was a copyvio: a series of verbatim paragraphs from http://www.hussman.org/fitness/. --User:Lexor|User talk:Lexor 13:07, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC) I noticed that the site has a statement: "Brief quotations which include attribution and a link to this website are authorized for noncommercial use." Nevertheless, I removed it because: #it was more than a brief quotation (several consecutive paragraphs) #the GFDL does not restrict commercial use, and we don't encourage the addition of material that prevents commercial reuse or distribution. ---- So i'm wondering, since ATP is basically how cells store energy, would it be possible to just eat a bunch of ATP's directly and get some energy from them? :) User:SECProto 01:59, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC) :It'd be more fun to eat a bunch of LSDs :-) --User:69.234.183.71 01:09, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
Words begining with Adenosine_triphosphate:
Adenosine_triphosphate
Adenosine_triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate
:''For other uses of the initials ATP, see ATP (disambiguation)'' Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the "molecule currency" of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cell (biology)s. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP molecules are also used to store the energy plants make in cellular respiration. == Chemical properties == Chemically, ATP consists of adenosine and three phosphate groups(triphosphate). It has the empirical formula C10H16N5O13P3, and the chemical formula C10H8N4O2NH2(OH)2(PO3H)3H, with a molecular mass of 1 E-25 kg atomic mass unit. The phosphoryl groups starting with that on AMP are referred to as the alpha (α), beta (ß), and gamma (γ) phosphates. The biochemical names for ATP are 9-ß-D-ribofuranosyladenine-5'-triphosphate and, equivalently, 9-ß-D-ribofuranosyl-6-amino-purine-5'-triphosphate. == Synthesis == ATP can be produced by various cellular processes, most typically in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation under the catalytic influence of ATP synthase or in the case of plants in chloroplasts by photosynthesis. The main fuels for ATP synthesis are glucose and fatty acids. Initially glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytosol. Two molecules of ATP are generated for each molecule of glucose. The terminal stages of ATP synthesis are carried out in the mitochondrion and can generate up to 36 ATP. == ATP in the human body == The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 Mole (unit). The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its synthesis must closely follow its consumption. == Other triphosphates == Living cells also have other "high-energy" nucleoside triphosphates, such as guanosine triphosphate. Between them and ATP, energy can be easily transferred with reactions such as those catalyst by nucleoside diphosphokinase: Energy is released when hydrolysis of the high energy phosphate bonds is carried out. This energy can be used by a variety of enzymes, motor proteins, and transport proteins to carry out the work of the cell. Also, the hydrolysis yields free inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate, which can be broken down further to another phosphate ion and adenosine monophosphate. ATP can also be broken down to adenosine monophosphate directly, with the formation of pyrophosphate. This last reaction has the advantage of being an effectively irreversible process in aqueous solution. === Reaction of ADP with GTP === :adenosine diphosphate + guanosine triphosphate ATP + guanosine diphosphate There is talk of using ATP as a power (physics) source for nanotechnology and implants. Artificial pacemakers could become independent of battery (electricity). == See also == * Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) * Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) * Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate (cAMP) * ATPases * ATP hydrolysis * Citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle) * Phosphagen * Thioesters are related to ATP * ATP thermochemistry == External link == *[http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookATP.html ATP and biological energy] Nucleotides su:Adénosin trifosfat
Adenosine triphosphate
PLEASE HELP --> What is the importance of ATP formation during Glycosis and Krebs Cycle? : Sorry, Wikipedia is not a place to ask for help with your homework. ::Actually, there is a place to ask questions like this, just check out the Wikipedia:Reference desk. --User:Lexor|User talk:Lexor 14:07, Nov 9, 2004 (UTC) :::I stand corrected -- I wasn't aware of the reference desk. However, I hope you'll agree that the original poster's question doesn't go here. User:Zack ::::Yes, it shouldn't go here, I always direct such questions to the reference desk. --User:Lexor|User talk:Lexor 13:07, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC) ---- I dont understand why is GTP used in some reaction in place of ATP eg. in gluconeogenesis. : While ATP and GTP are energetically equivalent (i.e., the same amount of energy can be harnessed from ATP as from GTP), their use in biochemical reactions is enzyme-dependent. Some enzymes, such as succinyl-CoA synthetase, use GTP to drive catalysis. Others, like hexokinase, require ATP instead. Which nucleotide gets used depends heavily on the specificity of the enzyme in question, which in turn depends on the enzyme's amino acid composition and secondary/tertiary structures. : Also, for what it's worth, the production of GTP instead of ATP by certain enzymes is inconsequential since GTP can be converted to ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. --User:Diberri 22:54, 2 Mar 2004 (UTC) : I believe there is also an anabolic/catabolic and protein/fat/carbohydrate/nucleic acid distinction at work in there as well. My guess is there is separation to allow the cell to target energy resourses to specific pathways. Can anybody confirm this? --Anonymous ==Copyvio== I removed a section added by User:Jerryseinfeld it was a copyvio: a series of verbatim paragraphs from http://www.hussman.org/fitness/. --User:Lexor|User talk:Lexor 13:07, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC) I noticed that the site has a statement: "Brief quotations which include attribution and a link to this website are authorized for noncommercial use." Nevertheless, I removed it because: #it was more than a brief quotation (several consecutive paragraphs) #the GFDL does not restrict commercial use, and we don't encourage the addition of material that prevents commercial reuse or distribution. ---- So i'm wondering, since ATP is basically how cells store energy, would it be possible to just eat a bunch of ATP's directly and get some energy from them? :) User:SECProto 01:59, Feb 25, 2005 (UTC) :It'd be more fun to eat a bunch of LSDs :-) --User:69.234.183.71 01:09, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)
See other meanings of words starting from letter:
A
AB | AC | AD | AE | AF | AG | AH | AI | AJ | AK | AL | AM | AN | AO | AP | AR | AS | AT | AU | AW | AX | AY | AZ |Words begining with Adenosine_triphosphate:
Adenosine_triphosphate
Adenosine_triphosphate
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