
#REDIRECT 18th century
(17th century - 18th century - 19th century - Centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, ''the 18th century'' refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. In Europe, the principal nations of this period (in terms of industry capacity) were: Austria, Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia. ==Overview== The 18th Century was the period of the so-called "enlightened absolutism" and was the time when political changes began that would lead to the modern nation state. France's absolutism would generate the peasant revolts that, for the first time, would begin to shake the old ways and feudal life. The Enlightenment was in full bloom and threatened the power of theology. The rise of nations like Austria, Russia, and Prussia began to shift the balance of power away from the west and create new competition in Europe other than France, England, and Spain. Other important aspects of the 18th century were the rise of cultural centers such as Paris and Vienna where nations could boast their power, enlightenment, and impression to the rest of Europe. Across the globe, European colonies were both being established, and, in the case of USA, breaking away from their parents. In Asia, exploration and influences from Europe were beginning to shake the structures of old empires, especially India, where civil war enabled the British to take control of the entire sub-continent. In a strictly aesthetic analysis, the 18th century is generally considered to be the beginning of Europe's artistic influence across the entire globe. In music, the era of Baroque music reached its apotheosis in the music of J.S. Bach, and the Classical music era began. In the visual arts, the Rococo style replaced the Baroque, then was succeeded by the Neoclassical movement. == Events == * 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession * 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter I of Russia. Russia capital until 1918. * 1707: Act of Union 1707 passed merging the Scotland and the England Parliaments, thus establishing The Kingdom of Great Britain. * 1707: After Aurangzeb's death, the Mughal Empire enters a long decline. * 1715: Louis XIV of France dies * 1718: City of New Orleans founded by the France in North America * 1720: The South Sea Company * 1721: Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (De facto). * 1721: Treaty of Nystad signed, ending the Great Northern War. * 1722: Pashtun conquer Iran, ending the Safavids. * 1722: Kangxi Emperor of China dies. * 1733-1738: War of the Polish Succession * 1735-1799: The Qianlong Emperor of China oversees a huge expansion in territory. * 1736: Nadir Shah assumes title of Shah of Persian Empire and founds the Afsharid dynasty. Rules until his death in 1747. * 1739: Nadir Shah defeats the Mughal Empire and sacks Delhi. * 1740: Frederick II of Prussia crowned King of Prussia. * 1740-1748: War of the Austrian Succession * 1741: Russians begin settling the Aleutian Islands. * 1747: Ahmad Shah founds the Durrani Empire in modern day Afghanistan. * 1750: peak of the Little Ice Age * 1755: The 1755 Lisbon earthquake * 1756-1763: Seven Years' War fought among European powers in various theaters around the world. * 1757: Battle of Plassey signals the beginning of British rule in India. * 1760: George III of the United Kingdom becomes King of Britain. * 1762-1796: Reign of Catherine II of Russia of Russia. * 1763-1766: Pontiac's Rebellion in North America * 1766-1799: List of Anglo-Mysore Wars * 1767: Konbaung Dynasty conquer the Ayutthaya kingdom. * 1768: Gurkhas conquer Nepal. * 1768-1774: Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774 * 1769: Spain missionary establish the first of 21 Spanish Missions of California in California. * 1772-1795: The Partitions of Poland end the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and erase Poland from the map for 123 years. * 1775-1782: First Anglo-Maratha War * 1775-1783: American Revolutionary War * 1779-1879: Cape Frontier Wars between British and Boer settlers and the Xhosas in South Africa * 1785-1795: Northwest Indian War between the United States and Native Americans * 1787: Freed slaves from London found Freetown in present-day Sierra Leone. * 1788: First European settlement established in Australia at Sydney. * 1789: George Washington elected President of the United States. * 1789-1799: The French Revolution * 1791-1804: The Haitian Revolution * 1792-1815: The Great French War starts as the French Revolutionary Wars which lead into the Napoleonic Wars. * 1792: New York Stock Exchange founded. * 1793: Upper Canada Act Against Slavery. * 1795: Pinckney's Treaty between the United States and Spain grants the Mississippi Territory to the US. * 1796: British eject Dutch from Ceylon. * 1798: Irish Irish Rebellion of 1798 against British Rule * 1798-1800: Quasi-War between the United States and France. * 1799: Napoleon I of France stages a coup d'état and becomes dictator of France. * 1799: Dutch East India Company is dissolved. == Significant people == * Benedict Arnold, considered a traitor by many people on both sides (United States and Britain) of the American Revolutionary War. * Johann Sebastian Bach (composer) * Catherine II of Russia (Russian Tsaritsa) * James Cook (British navigator) * Denis Diderot (French writer and philosopher) * Leonhard Euler (mathematician) * Benjamin Franklin (inventor and diplomat) * Thomas Gainsborough (painter) * Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German writer) * Thomas Gray (British writer) * Alexander Hamilton (American statesman) * William Hogarth (painter and engraver) * David Hume (philosopher) * Thomas Jefferson (American politician) * Samuel Johnson (British writer) * Immanuel Kant (philosopher) * Louis XIV of France (monarch) * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (composer) * Sir Joshua Reynolds (painter) * Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French writer and philosopher) * Friedrich Schiller (German writer) * Adam Smith (Scottish economist) * Jonathan Swift (British writer) * George Washington (General, 1st American President) * Voltaire (French writer and philosopher) == Inventions, discoveries, introductions == Timeline_of_invention#18th_century * The Encyclopédie by the Encyclopedists * History of economic thought by Adam Smith * Rosetta stone discovered by Napoleon I of France's troops. * Vitus Bering discovered Alaska. * James Cook mapped the boundaries of the Pacific Ocean and discovered many Pacific Islands. * Wahhabism by Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab ==Decades and years== 18th century Centuries Industrial Revolution Romanticism li:Achtiende ieuw
Articles and events specifically relating to the 18th century, which included the years 1701 to 1800 (not 1700 to 1799 as is often erroneously claimed). Years 2nd millennium
==Changes== Until the 16th century, starting from the beginning of Wikipedian time, there is no section about the "Five overall largest mass killings". It's removal is for several reasons. First of all, there is a specific format for all these year and century pages, which this violates. Secondly, it is a stupid concept that sounds like it was written by some sort of man-ape who stole a real human's keyboard and had a slight knowledge of the English language. Thirdly, the page it links to confesses that there is no amount of truth in these wild estimates. It is also a pretty amateurish page to begin with. So. I deleted it and I hope that whoever keeps reediting in mistakes will leave it alone this time. Also, the separation of “Artists,” “Scientists,” and “Infamous people” was so wholly unneeded and inaccurate that I removed it and placed them in alphabetical order. If you feel the need to change this, please do so all the way back and try not to have three or four completely different centurial templates because you know more about them. I will be completing the 19th and 20th centuries shortly, in order to make the centuries consistent with each other. --Grza\">User_Talk:TheGrza">User:TheGrza|TheGrza\">User Talk:TheGrza 02:50, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC) == Romanticsm navigation panel == I am removing the Romanticsm nav panel for the second time. Most of the links in the panel lead to articles relevant to the 19th century. - User:Brunnock 11:45, May 18, 2005 (UTC) mooooo
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18th Century
#REDIRECT 18th century
18th century
(17th century - 18th century - 19th century - Centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, ''the 18th century'' refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. In Europe, the principal nations of this period (in terms of industry capacity) were: Austria, Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia. ==Overview== The 18th Century was the period of the so-called "enlightened absolutism" and was the time when political changes began that would lead to the modern nation state. France's absolutism would generate the peasant revolts that, for the first time, would begin to shake the old ways and feudal life. The Enlightenment was in full bloom and threatened the power of theology. The rise of nations like Austria, Russia, and Prussia began to shift the balance of power away from the west and create new competition in Europe other than France, England, and Spain. Other important aspects of the 18th century were the rise of cultural centers such as Paris and Vienna where nations could boast their power, enlightenment, and impression to the rest of Europe. Across the globe, European colonies were both being established, and, in the case of USA, breaking away from their parents. In Asia, exploration and influences from Europe were beginning to shake the structures of old empires, especially India, where civil war enabled the British to take control of the entire sub-continent. In a strictly aesthetic analysis, the 18th century is generally considered to be the beginning of Europe's artistic influence across the entire globe. In music, the era of Baroque music reached its apotheosis in the music of J.S. Bach, and the Classical music era began. In the visual arts, the Rococo style replaced the Baroque, then was succeeded by the Neoclassical movement. == Events == * 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession * 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter I of Russia. Russia capital until 1918. * 1707: Act of Union 1707 passed merging the Scotland and the England Parliaments, thus establishing The Kingdom of Great Britain. * 1707: After Aurangzeb's death, the Mughal Empire enters a long decline. * 1715: Louis XIV of France dies * 1718: City of New Orleans founded by the France in North America * 1720: The South Sea Company * 1721: Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (De facto). * 1721: Treaty of Nystad signed, ending the Great Northern War. * 1722: Pashtun conquer Iran, ending the Safavids. * 1722: Kangxi Emperor of China dies. * 1733-1738: War of the Polish Succession * 1735-1799: The Qianlong Emperor of China oversees a huge expansion in territory. * 1736: Nadir Shah assumes title of Shah of Persian Empire and founds the Afsharid dynasty. Rules until his death in 1747. * 1739: Nadir Shah defeats the Mughal Empire and sacks Delhi. * 1740: Frederick II of Prussia crowned King of Prussia. * 1740-1748: War of the Austrian Succession * 1741: Russians begin settling the Aleutian Islands. * 1747: Ahmad Shah founds the Durrani Empire in modern day Afghanistan. * 1750: peak of the Little Ice Age * 1755: The 1755 Lisbon earthquake * 1756-1763: Seven Years' War fought among European powers in various theaters around the world. * 1757: Battle of Plassey signals the beginning of British rule in India. * 1760: George III of the United Kingdom becomes King of Britain. * 1762-1796: Reign of Catherine II of Russia of Russia. * 1763-1766: Pontiac's Rebellion in North America * 1766-1799: List of Anglo-Mysore Wars * 1767: Konbaung Dynasty conquer the Ayutthaya kingdom. * 1768: Gurkhas conquer Nepal. * 1768-1774: Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774 * 1769: Spain missionary establish the first of 21 Spanish Missions of California in California. * 1772-1795: The Partitions of Poland end the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and erase Poland from the map for 123 years. * 1775-1782: First Anglo-Maratha War * 1775-1783: American Revolutionary War * 1779-1879: Cape Frontier Wars between British and Boer settlers and the Xhosas in South Africa * 1785-1795: Northwest Indian War between the United States and Native Americans * 1787: Freed slaves from London found Freetown in present-day Sierra Leone. * 1788: First European settlement established in Australia at Sydney. * 1789: George Washington elected President of the United States. * 1789-1799: The French Revolution * 1791-1804: The Haitian Revolution * 1792-1815: The Great French War starts as the French Revolutionary Wars which lead into the Napoleonic Wars. * 1792: New York Stock Exchange founded. * 1793: Upper Canada Act Against Slavery. * 1795: Pinckney's Treaty between the United States and Spain grants the Mississippi Territory to the US. * 1796: British eject Dutch from Ceylon. * 1798: Irish Irish Rebellion of 1798 against British Rule * 1798-1800: Quasi-War between the United States and France. * 1799: Napoleon I of France stages a coup d'état and becomes dictator of France. * 1799: Dutch East India Company is dissolved. == Significant people == * Benedict Arnold, considered a traitor by many people on both sides (United States and Britain) of the American Revolutionary War. * Johann Sebastian Bach (composer) * Catherine II of Russia (Russian Tsaritsa) * James Cook (British navigator) * Denis Diderot (French writer and philosopher) * Leonhard Euler (mathematician) * Benjamin Franklin (inventor and diplomat) * Thomas Gainsborough (painter) * Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (German writer) * Thomas Gray (British writer) * Alexander Hamilton (American statesman) * William Hogarth (painter and engraver) * David Hume (philosopher) * Thomas Jefferson (American politician) * Samuel Johnson (British writer) * Immanuel Kant (philosopher) * Louis XIV of France (monarch) * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (composer) * Sir Joshua Reynolds (painter) * Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French writer and philosopher) * Friedrich Schiller (German writer) * Adam Smith (Scottish economist) * Jonathan Swift (British writer) * George Washington (General, 1st American President) * Voltaire (French writer and philosopher) == Inventions, discoveries, introductions == Timeline_of_invention#18th_century * The Encyclopédie by the Encyclopedists * History of economic thought by Adam Smith * Rosetta stone discovered by Napoleon I of France's troops. * Vitus Bering discovered Alaska. * James Cook mapped the boundaries of the Pacific Ocean and discovered many Pacific Islands. * Wahhabism by Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab ==Decades and years== 18th century Centuries Industrial Revolution Romanticism li:Achtiende ieuw
18th century
Articles and events specifically relating to the 18th century, which included the years 1701 to 1800 (not 1700 to 1799 as is often erroneously claimed). Years 2nd millennium
18th century
==Changes== Until the 16th century, starting from the beginning of Wikipedian time, there is no section about the "Five overall largest mass killings". It's removal is for several reasons. First of all, there is a specific format for all these year and century pages, which this violates. Secondly, it is a stupid concept that sounds like it was written by some sort of man-ape who stole a real human's keyboard and had a slight knowledge of the English language. Thirdly, the page it links to confesses that there is no amount of truth in these wild estimates. It is also a pretty amateurish page to begin with. So. I deleted it and I hope that whoever keeps reediting in mistakes will leave it alone this time. Also, the separation of “Artists,” “Scientists,” and “Infamous people” was so wholly unneeded and inaccurate that I removed it and placed them in alphabetical order. If you feel the need to change this, please do so all the way back and try not to have three or four completely different centurial templates because you know more about them. I will be completing the 19th and 20th centuries shortly, in order to make the centuries consistent with each other. --Grza\">User_Talk:TheGrza">User:TheGrza|TheGrza\">User Talk:TheGrza 02:50, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC) == Romanticsm navigation panel == I am removing the Romanticsm nav panel for the second time. Most of the links in the panel lead to articles relevant to the 19th century. - User:Brunnock 11:45, May 18, 2005 (UTC) mooooo
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